2009年青州市农村中学生预防艾滋病认知和健康教育需求调查

[目的]了解农村中学生艾滋病认知现状及其对健康教育的需求,为有针对性的开展健康教育提供依据。[方法]2009年5月,随机整群抽取青州市农村1所初中和1所高中,对在校的初一、初二和高一、高二的所有学生进行问卷调查。[结果]调查996人,艾滋病基本知识知晓率为64.76%,传播途径知识知晓率为83.33%,非传播途径知识知晓率为70.38%。15项艾滋病相关知识知晓率,初中生为57.86%,高中生为70.63%(P<0.01);男生为65.64%,女生为63.99%(P<0.05)。获得艾滋病相关知识的途径,是广播电视的占70.48%,是卫生宣传栏/册的69.84%,是报纸杂志的64.46%,是网络的48.90%;渴望获得艾滋病相关知识的途径,是广播电视的占68.37%,是卫生宣传栏/册的占67.97%,是报纸杂志的占59.14%。96.18%的学生希望获得更多艾滋病相关知识,92.67%的学生认为学校教授艾滋病知识非常重要,85.34%的学生表示愿意参加相关的活动。反对婚前性行为的占48.59%,知道可以做HIV检测和咨询的地方的为45.38%。[结论]农村中学生艾滋病相关知识知晓率较低。     

科技期刊品牌影响力现状与提升策略分析——以陕西省科技期刊为例

【目的】 响应国家“深化改革,培育世界一流科技期刊”总体部署,探讨科技期刊抓住市场化机遇提升品牌影响力的对策建议。【方法】 以陕西省为中观尺度代表,通过问卷调查与内容分析,分别从主观与客观两个维度考察陕西省科技期刊品牌影响力现状。【结果】 主观指标调查结果反映了陕西省科技期刊品牌影响力的两极分化态势,核心用户层认知度、满意度和忠诚度稳固,但内外断层明显;客观指标分析则印证了陕西省科技期刊“大而不强”的局面,发展良好期刊不少,但缺乏顶尖期刊。【结论】 结合调查结果,从品牌传播力、品牌说服力、品牌特色度和品牌公信力四个维度,构建一套科技期刊品牌影响力提升策略框架,该框架是包括全媒体矩阵构建、分众化传播、品牌期刊塑造以及热点事件参与在内的一系列关联方案。     

Impact of contextualized pediatric resuscitation training on pediatric healthcare providers in Botswana

BackgroundWorldwide, 6.6 million children die each year, partly due to a failure to recognize and treat acutely ill children. Programs that improve provider recognition and treatment initiation may improve child survival.ObjectivesDescribe provider characteristics and hospital resources during a contextualized pediatric resuscitation training program in Botswana and determine if training impacts provider knowledge retention.Design/methodsThe American Heart Association's Pediatric Emergency Assessment Recognition and Stabilization (PEARS) course was contextualized to Botswana resources and practice guidelines in this observational study. A cohort of facility-based nurses (FBN) was assessed prior to and 1-month following training. Survey tools assessed provider characteristics, cognitive knowledge and confidence and hospital pediatric resources. Data analysis utilized Fisher's exact, Chi-square, Wilcoxon rank-sum and linear regression where appropriate.Results61 healthcare providers (89% FBNs, 11% physicians) successfully completed PEARS training. Referral facilities had more pediatric specific equipment and high-flow oxygen. Median frequency of pediatric resuscitation was higher in referral compared to district level FBN's (5 [3,10] vs. 2 [1,3] p = 0.007). While 50% of FBN's had previous resuscitation training, none was pediatric specific. Median provider confidence improved significantly after training (3.8/5 vs. 4.7/5, p < 0.001), as did knowledge of correct management of acute pneumonia and diarrhea (44% vs. 100%, p < 0.001, 6% vs. 67%, p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionFBN's in Botswana report frequent resuscitation of ill children but low baseline training. Provider knowledge for recognition and initial treatment of respiratory distress and shock is low. Contextualized training significantly increased FBN provider confidence and knowledge retention 1-month after training.     

Is the MHC a general self-recognition system playing a major unifying role in an organism?

From the review of several recent observations of cell-cell interactions, which occur preferentially in autologous or syngeneic situations such as rosettes, adhesion, homing, and contact inhibition, the existence of an active general process of cellular self-recognition, not limited to the immune system, is postulated. This process is MHC associated or dependent, and seems to require an identity of ubiquitous molecules of class I--or other linked gene products at the surface of interacting cells. In contrast, class II molecules are not apparently implicated in general self-recognition. The immune system is regarded as a late evolution from a self-recognition system. It retains the ability of self-evolution, but possesses the exclusive property of active discrimination against foreignness. The astonishing fact that identity of MHC products seems to be needed for recognition is discussed in the context of various possible mechanisms. From immunological and genetical consideration, it is proposed that the genuine biological role of the MHC would be that of a self-recognition and unifying system.     

交感型颈椎病的再认识

目的：通过一系列临床病例观察,对交感型颈椎病的发病因素、临床表现及其诊断方法作进一步认识。方法：回顾分析22例交感型颈椎病患者的临床资料,根据症状缓解或消失来评价疗效。结果：14例获得随访,平均随访1年2个月,优良者10例（占71％）。交感型颈椎病发病与颈椎解剖结构动态变化因素相关,颈交感神经功能紊乱及颈交感神经受刺激的程度决定了临床表现,典型的症状为诊断提供依据。结论：非手术疗法是简单有效的方法,可使症状缓解、功能改善。适应于病情不是很重,患者不愿意接受手术治疗以及高龄患者合并有重要器官疾病者。对较重的颈椎不稳,或椎间盘退变压迫的患者,选择手术治疗时机是提高疗效的重要手段。     

One is all you need: intrahemispheric processing benefits nonverbal visual recognition

Several attempts have been made to understand when and how the two hemispheres of the brain work together to encode and retrieve information during memory tasks, but it remains unclear whether they are equally capable of encoding and retrieval, particularly when the stimuli do not evoke a leftward processing asymmetry. Using a divided visual field paradigm, we presented nonverbal visual stimuli to one visual field/hemisphere at encoding, and at retrieval presented the stimuli either to the same or opposite visual field/hemisphere. Recognition responses were faster and more accurate when the stimuli were initially presented at encoding and retrieval to the same hemisphere (Experiment 1), even when delay intervals between study and test were short (Experiment 2). Taken together, these findings suggest that recognition decisions for stimuli initially presented to a single hemisphere occur more quickly at shorter lags, perhaps due to a stronger memory representation in the original hemisphere of input compared to the indirectly activated hemisphere. Our results are significant because they demonstrate that each hemisphere of the brain can function to encode and retrieve memory representations equally well, as long as the stimuli contain no linguistic information.     

产妇产后盆底康复认知及健康教育需求调查研究

目的 了解产妇对产后盆底康复的认知情况及相关健康教育需求现状,并探讨应对策略。方法 选取2017年7月~11月在我院分娩的产后6~8周的产妇1064名,采用自设问卷进行调查,内容包括产妇的一般资料、产后盆底康复相关知识及健康教育需求,分析产妇产后盆底康复健康教育需求的影响因素。结果 ①产妇年龄16~43岁,平均年龄（30.56±4.13）岁,产后BMI主要集中在18.5~23.9 kg/m2,文化程度以大专、本科为主,家庭月收入主要为5000~10000元,初产妇与经产妇、阴道分娩与剖宫产人数基本均衡;②产妇对产后盆底康复认知得分0分者占33.37%,1~5分者占57.42%,6~10分者仅占9.21%;54.04%的产妇对产后盆底康复健康教育有需求;③文化程度、分娩方式、盆底康复认知度是产妇健康教育需求的独立影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论 产妇产后盆底康复认知度较低,但对相关健康教育有一定的需求,需加大投入力度,重视文化程度较低、剖宫产产妇人群,多渠道、多元化形式开展宣传教育工作,进一步提高产妇产后盆底康复认知及重视程度。