Monkeypox after Occupational Needlestick Injury from Pustule

We report a case of monkeypox in a physician after an occupational needlestick injury from a pustule. This case highlights risk for occupational transmission and manifestations of the disease after percutaneous transmission: a short incubation period, followed by a solitary lesion at the injured site and later by systemic symptoms.     

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Head-Down Contact and Spearing in Tackle Football

OBJECTIVE: To present recommendations that decrease the risk of cervical spine fractures and dislocations in football players. BACKGROUND: Axial loading of the cervical spine resulting from head-down contact is the primary cause of spinal cord injuries. Keeping the head up and initiating contact with the shoulder or chest decreases the risk of these injuries. The 1976 rule changes resulted in a dramatic decrease in catastrophic cervical spine injuries. However, the helmet-contact rules are rarely enforced and head-down contact still occurs frequently. Our recommendations are directed toward decreasing the incidence of head-down contact. RECOMMENDATIONS: Educate players, coaches, and officials that unintentional and intentional head-down contact can result in catastrophic injuries. Increase the time tacklers, ball carriers, and blockers spend practicing correct contact techniques. Improve the enforcement and understanding of the existing helmet-contact penalties.     

Six years of facial trauma care: an epidemiological analysis of 355 cases

Facial traumas are frequent in emergencies, and they require the diagnosis of fractures and associated lesions.AimTo analyze epidemiological data concerning facial trauma care.Materials and MethodsThree hundred and fifty-five charts from patients with facial trauma treated by the Service of Otorhinolaryngology, from January 2002 to December 2008, were revised. The following data was collected: age, gender, etiology, anatomical localization of the fracture, associated injuries, alcohol consumption, treatment, and hospitalization.Study DesignA retrospective historical longitudinal study.ResultsMost of the patients are young adult men (p<0.05) with a male:female ratio of 4:1(p<0.05). Interpersonal violence is the most prevalent cause of facial trauma (27.9%), followed by motor vehicle accidents (16.6%) (p<0.05). The mandible is the most prevalent facial bone fractured (44.2%), followed by nasal fracture (18.9%) (p<0.05). 41.1% of the patients consumed alcohol with a male:female ratio of 11.2:1 (p<0.05). Seventy-seven percent of the patients required surgical intervention (p<0.05) and 84.5% were hospitalized (p<0.05).ConclusionYoung male adults are the most prevalent victims of facial trauma, and interpersonal violence is responsible for the majority of the facial injuries. Most of the cases of facial trauma are associated with the consumption of alcohol. Further studies will be necessary to provide a clear understanding of the trends in the etiology of facial trauma.     

桡动脉掌浅支腕横纹皮瓣在虎口修复中的应用

目的：总结桡动脉掌浅支（ SPBRA)腕横纹部逆行岛状皮瓣在虎口软组织缺损修复中的应用及疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年1月—2013年3月徐州仁慈医院手足显微外科收治的8例虎口软组织缺损患者的临床资料。其中男5例、女3例,年龄15~63岁。开放伤5例,虎口挛缩松解术后创面3例。创面范围2．5 cm ×3 cm~3．5 cm ×7 cm,平均3．1 cm ×4．8 cm。开放伤均在一期创面彻底清创止血后行负压封闭引流（VSD),二期行创面修复。8例患者均采用大小为3．0 cm ×3．5 cm~4．0 cm ×7．5 cm的SPBRA腕横纹岛状皮瓣带蒂逆行转移修复虎口软组织缺损;供区直接缝合。术后观察皮瓣成活、伤口愈合情况,随访观察皮瓣质地、虎口功能及供区功能情况。结果本组8例,术中1例因血管变异改行其他术式,其余7例均顺利完成手术。7例患者术后皮瓣均完全成活,供、受区创面均Ⅰ期愈合;术后随访6~13个月,平均9．5个月,皮瓣颜色及质地与周围皮肤相似,外形满意,皮瓣恢复部分浅感觉,拇指可完成外展及对掌功能,供区瘢痕轻微,无功能影响。术后6个月7例患者虎口宽度距离为5．2~6．1 cm,平均5．8 cm,虎口宽度为健侧的72%~96%（平均87%),拇指可完成外展及对掌功能。重建虎口功能评定：优5例,良1例,中1例。腕部供区功能评定：优6例,良1例。结论 SPBRA腕横纹部逆行岛状皮瓣带蒂转移修复虎口软组织缺损,具有手术简便、血运可靠、术后功能、外观恢复好等优点,是修复虎口创面的理想方法之一。     

河北医科大学第三医院2008-2012年成人浮膝损伤的流行病学调查

目的分析2008—2012年成人浮膝损伤患者的临床特点,探讨青年患者与中老年患者性别、合并骨折及骨折类型构成的差异,为此类骨折的诊治、预防等临床研究提供参考。方法回顾性分析河北医科大学第三医院2008年1月—2012年12月间诊治的成人(≥16岁)浮膝损伤患者资料,排除陈旧骨折、病理骨折及假体周围骨折等。所有影像资料由经过培训的4名本院骨科住院医师进行整理分型,并由本院2名骨科主任医师及1名放射科主任医师进行监督检验,统计年龄、性别、骨折类型及合并骨折等数据。≤45岁患者为青年组,>45岁患者为中老年组。结果5年间共诊治成人浮膝损伤204例208侧,占成人全身骨折的0.40%(204/52225),占成人股骨骨折的3.93%(204/5196),占成人胫腓骨骨折2.49%(204/8199)。其中男173例,女31例;年龄16~85岁;青年组153例,中老年组51例。青年患者和中老年患者中均以男性为主,分别占90.20%(138/153)和68.63%(35/51),差异有统计学意义(字2=13.808,P<0.01)。浮膝损伤患者中131例合并其他部位骨折,占浮膝损伤患者的64.22%(131/204),主要为合并足部骨折37例,尺桡骨骨折33例,骨盆-髋臼骨折31例,股骨近端骨折25例,对侧股骨骨折25例等;其中青年组合并其他部位骨折95例,中老年组36例,差异无统计学意义(字2=1.202,P>0.05)。 FraserⅠ型骨折87侧,Ⅱ型骨折121侧,青年组与中老年组患者FraserⅠ型、Ⅱa型、Ⅱb型、Ⅱc型分别是70、40、16、30侧和17、12、5、18侧,两组各型骨折构成比差异并无统计学意义(字2=5.502,P>0.05);Ⅱ型骨折中Ⅱb型骨折最少(21侧),Ⅱa、Ⅱc型骨折所占比例相近,但青年患者Ⅱa型(46.51%,40/86)骨折多于Ⅱc型(34.88%,30/86)骨折,中老年患者中Ⅱc型(51.43%,18/35)骨折较Ⅱa型(34.29%,12/35)骨折更多。结论青年男性为浮膝损伤的高危人群,常合并其他部位骨折。胫骨平台较股骨髁发生骨折的风险高,且骨折风险均随着年龄的增长而增高。     

逆行半比目鱼肌带蒂肌瓣修复小腿远端软组织缺损

目的总结逆行半比目鱼肌带蒂肌瓣修复小腿远端软组织缺损的临床应用结果。方法 2006年10月~2012年10月,应用逆行半比目鱼肌带蒂肌瓣修复12例小腿远端软组织缺损,年龄16~42岁(平均35岁)。肌瓣表面行一期中厚网状游离植皮,供区直接缝合。结果所有的肌瓣全部成活,取得了满意的临床效果。随访1.5~3.5年,平均2.5年,8例伴有胫骨骨折者骨折全部愈合。结论逆行半比目鱼肌带蒂肌瓣具有血管解剖恒定、血运丰富以及操作简单等优点,适宜修复小腿远端软组织缺损。     

幼儿手掌切割伤的特点与治疗

目的 分析儿童手掌切割伤的特点及相应处理方法。方法 5例手掌切断伤患儿,分别有食、中、环指屈肌腱断裂,多合并正中神经损伤。2例急诊病例I修复所有损伤组织,3例晚期病例修复神经和／或屈指肌腱。结果 4例随访2个月－3年,手指保护性感觉均恢复,总主动活动度（TAM）平均达90．0％,1例拇外展丧失。结论 儿童手掌切割伤致尿指肌腱断裂时,多合并正中神经损伤。急诊处理应力争全部修复损伤组织。Ⅱ期手术宜尽早进行,修复方案依具体情况而定。     

颈静脉孔区肿瘤术后后组脑神经损伤的评估和处理

目的：分析颈静脉孔区肿瘤术后后组脑神经损伤情况及其处理,以提高对后组脑神经损伤的认识并改进处理方法。方法：32例颈静脉孔区肿瘤患者中,颈静脉球体瘤12例,后组脑神经鞘膜瘤10例,脑膜瘤3例,胆脂瘤1例,颞骨巨细胞瘤2例,纤维瘤病1例,黏液软骨肉瘤1例,胚胎型横纹肌肉瘤1例,腺样囊性癌1例。均采取手术治疗,30例全切,1例近全切,1例大部切除。结果：除1例术后并发颅内出血死亡外,其余31例术后随访1-6年。术后后组脑神经功能仍正常者5例,新出现神经功能损伤者8例,原有神经功能损伤者18例术后出现不同程度的损伤加剧表现。手术前后行气管切开者8例,其中3例出院前拔管,5例带管出院。出院时后组脑神经损伤代偿者20例,失代偿者6例。失代偿者术后随访中3例代偿,2例部分代偿,1例未代偿。结论：颈静脉孔区肿瘤术后后组脑神经损伤是常见并发症,术前应根据患者年龄、神经功能等综合评估,术中应尽量保全神经,早期积极正确的功能锻炼是术后处理的关键。     

Injuries due to foreign body aspirations in Georgia: A prevention perspective

BackgroundSuffocation due to foreign bodies (FB) is a leading cause of death in children aged 0–3. No data from the former U.S.S.R. are available in the international scientific literature.MethodsConsecutive patients admitted at the Iashvili Central Children Hospital in Tbilisi, Georgia from 1989 to 2011 were analyzed. Injuries in the upper airways due to foreign bodies’ inhalation were collected and compared with the Susy Safe Registry and the pooled estimates of the meta-analysis.Results2896 cases were collected. Distribution of injuries in children younger than 3 years was significantly higher than in the Susy Safe Registry and in the “High-Income” countries in the meta-analysis. Percentage of injuries due to organic objects (86%) was significantly higher than in published data.ConclusionsSince Georgia is not showing any substantial difference, both in epidemiology and treatment of foreign bodies injuries, as compared to the other case series, translation of public health initiatives from other most advanced prevention experiences is possible and it is likely to be effective.Level of evidenceLevel V, Epidemiological case series.     

MR imaging of posteromedial and posterolateral stabilisers of the knee: anatomic basis and patterns of lesions in knee injuries

Summary The angular points are the ligamentous and tendinous structures that reinforce the posteromedial and posterolateral capsule of the knee and share in fixation of the posterior horns of the menisci. They are often damaged in acute injuries and this is usually associated with ruptures of the cruciate and collateral ligaments and may add to the degree of laxity. We describe the normal appearance of these structures in terms of the sectional anatomy, correlated with the lesional appearances of complete and incomplete ruptures and associated meniscal detachments as shown by clinical testing and arthrotomy findings.

---

IRM des points d'angle du genou : bases anatomiques et applications aux genoux traumatiques

Résumé Les points d'angle sont des structures ligamentaires et tendineuses qui renforcent la capsule postéro-médiale et postéro-latérale et participent à la fixation des cornes postérieures des ménisques. Leurs lésions, fréquentes au cours des traumatismes aigus, sont généralement associées à des ruptures des ligaments croisés et des ligaments collatéraux et peuvent être source d'une aggravation de la laxité. Nous rapportons, en corrélation avec l'anatomie en coupe, l'aspect normal de ces structures, et en corrélation avec les données de l'arthrotomie et du testing les aspects lésionnels observés au cours des traumatismes : ruptures complètes, incomplètes et désinsertions méniscales associées.