Soleus H-reflex modulation after motor incomplete spinal cord injury: effects of body position and walking speed

Objective:

To examine position-dependent (semireclined to standing) and walking speed–dependent soleus H-reflex modulation after motor incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI).

Participants:

Twenty-six patients with motor incomplete SCI (mean: 45 ± 15 years) and 16 noninjured people (mean: 38 ± 14 years).

Methods:

Soleus H-reflexes were evoked by tibial nerve stimulation. Patients were tested in semireclined and standing positions (experiment 1) and in midstance and midswing positions (experiment 2).

Results:

H-reflexes were significantly greater after SCI in all positions compared with noninjured people (P < 0.05). Position-dependent modulation from semireclined to standing (normally observed in noninjured people) was absent after SCI. In SCI patients, H-reflex modulation was not significantly different at 1.2 m/s compared with 0.6 m/s treadmill walking speed; in noninjured people, H-reflex modulation was significantly greater at 1.2 m/s compared with 0.6 m/s treadmill walking speed. There was a significant positive correlation between modified Ashworth scores, a clinical measure of spasticity and soleus H-reflex amplitudes tested in all positions. A significant negative correlation was also found between H-reflexes in standing and midstance positions and the amount of assistance patients required to walk.

Conclusions:

An improvement in position-dependent and walking speed–dependent reflex modulation after SCI may indicate functional recovery. Future studies will use H-reflex testing to track changes as a result of therapeutic interventions.     

Neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid in experimental spinal cord injury in rats

Background:

Oxidative stress is a mediator of secondary injury to the spinal cord following trauma.

Objective:

To investigate the putative neuroprotective effect of α-lipoic acid (LA), a powerful antioxidant, in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods:

Wistar albino rats were divided as control, vehicle-treated SCI, and LA-treated SCI groups. To induce SCI, a standard weight-drop method that induced a moderately severe injury (100 g/cm force) at T10 was used. Injured animals were given either 50 mg/kg LA or saline at 30 minutes postinjury by intraperitoneal injection. At 7 days postinjury, neurologic examination was performed, and rats were decapitated. Spinal cord samples were taken for histologic examination or determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and DNA fragmentation. Formation of reactive oxygen species in spinal cord tissue samples was monitored by using a chemiluminescence (CL) technique.

Results:

SCI caused a significant decrease in spinal cord GSH content, which was accompanied with significant increases in luminol CL and MDA levels, MPO activity, and DNA damage. Furthermore, LA treatment reversed all these biochemical parameters as well as SCI-induced histopathologic alterations. Conversely, impairment of the neurologic function caused by SCI remained unchanged.

Conclusion:

The present study suggests that LA reduces SCI-induced oxidative stress and exerts neuroprotection by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, and DNA fragmentation.     

儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的手术治疗

目的:通过研究火器伤所致骨折患者的治疗及预后情况,探讨如何选择合理方法对其进行及时有效的治疗。方法:对25例火器伤所致骨折患者的治疗及预后情况进行回顾性总结分析,其中男18例,女7例;平均年龄36.2岁。骨折的部位为股骨骨折9例,胫骨骨折7例,肱骨骨折2例,骨盆骨折2例,锁骨骨折1例,椎体骨折1例,尺、桡骨骨折1例,髋关节骨折1例与膝关节损伤1例。骨折类型为未移位1例,移位2例,粉碎性10例,粉碎且移位6例,骨缺损6例。19例接受了骨科手术治疗,其他6例接受了清创治疗。10例采用外固定架固定,7例行内固定,4例行管形石膏固定,2例骨盆与髋臼骨折采用牵引治疗,2例锁骨骨折应用锁骨带治疗。结果:25例患者获得了平均4.2年的随访,18例骨折Ⅰ期愈合,6例需后期手术促进骨折愈合,1例截肢。有5例需要后期手术覆盖创面。大的并发症包括2例骨不连,4例延迟愈合,3例周围神经功能受损。结论:骨折固定方法的选择与骨移植是治疗火器伤所致的骨折与骨缺损的一项很有效的方法。     

小切口治疗臀肌挛缩症2518例临床观察

随着工业、交通不断发展,各种高能量所造成小腿复杂性骨折日渐增多,尽管早期彻底清创并应用内或外固定多可以取得满意疗效,但少部分患者仍可因早期软组织修复不当而继发感染,导致皮肤坏死、骨外露及骨缺损等并发症。处理好此类型骨折,可极大地降低致残或截肢率。传统方法采用分期手术,先控制感染,消灭创面,待骨髓炎静止1年以上再修复骨缺损,故疗程长、费用高、后遗症较多。能否通过一次手术同时修复感染性创面及胫骨缺损,一直是骨科医师探讨的问题之一。自2000年1月-2006年1月采用胫骨皮瓣结合中药薰洗治疗小腿创伤性骨皮缺损20例,效果满意,…     

无骨折脱位型急性中央颈脊髓损伤的手术疗效分析

目的分析评价无骨折脱位型中央颈脊髓损伤的手术治疗效果。方法自2000年5月至2005年4月,手术治疗了52例无颈椎骨折脱位型中央颈脊髓损伤患者,均经术前影像学检查证实。所有患者都接受损伤段颈椎前路或后路减压、融合和内固定手术。住院期间每日进行症状和体征的观测,脊髓功能采用美国脊柱损伤协会（ASIA）标准进行评分,以线性回归分析方法评价手术对患者ASIA评分的影响。随访患者的最终脊髓功能恢复情况,时间从12～42个月,平均29个月。结果手术后ASIA恢复曲线明显较手术前抬升（P〈0．01）。最终随访时所有患者的ASIA运动、针刺觉和轻触觉评分分别为（91±7）,（107±6）和（107±6）分,均较术前有明显好转（P〈0．01）。结论对损伤水平的脊柱充分减压和固定,可以给水肿的脊髓创造一个宽松和稳定的膨胀空间,加速脊髓功能的早期恢复,改善远期效果。     

大鼠不同程度高位颈脊髓损伤后膈肌运动诱发电位变化特点

目的了解不同程度高位颈髓损伤后大鼠膈肌运动诱发电位（MEP）的变化特点,分析以MEP评价高位颈髓损伤中MEP预测呼吸功能预后的价值。方法采用改良Allen法,分别以30gcf、50gcf、80gcf和100gcf冲量打击40只SD大鼠C3、4颈髓,造成不同程度的高位颈髓损伤。于伤前及伤后1个月连续记录膈肌MEP。观察MEP潜伏期及波幅的变化特点。同时采股动脉血,进行pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压及血氧饱和度的监测,了解不同程度的高位颈髓损伤大鼠呼吸功能的变化。分析不同程度的高位颈髓损伤后膈肌MEP潜伏期及波幅值的变化与呼吸功能预后的相关性。结果大鼠高位颈髓损伤前膈肌MEP波形稳定,通常包括1个正向波峰和负向波峰,其潜伏期和波幅平均值分别为（3．13±0.29）ins和（6．78±3．48）mv。不同程度高位颈髓损伤后MEP潜伏期不同程度改变,损伤越重,潜伏期越长。潜伏期变化与呼吸功能恢复显著相关。当MEP潜伏期延长超过101％时,呼吸功能很难恢复。结论MEP能较为客观、敏感地反映高位颈髓损伤后呼吸功能损伤程度,可以作为判断呼吸功能预后的可靠指标。     

脊髓损伤并发上尿路扩张的危险因素分析

目的探讨脊髓损伤患者并发上尿路扩张的尿动力学危险因素。方法随机抽取唐山地震脊髓损伤患者96例,经B超检查并发上尿路扩张16例为A组,无上尿路扩张80例为对照组B组,分别进行尿动力学测定。而后对两组患者间性别、年龄和尿动力学等参数进行单因素和多因素分析。结果男性上尿路扩张发生率明显高于女性,A组残余尿量、最大膀胱容量、逼尿肌漏点压和膀胱低顺应性发生率明显高于B组,而两组年龄、逼尿肌反射亢进发生率、相对安全容量、逼尿肌括约肌协同失调发生率、最大尿流率和最大尿道关闭压差异无统计学意义。Logistic回归分析结果显示,膀胱低顺应性是筛选出的惟一危险因素。结论对脊髓损伤患者及时进行尿动力学检查,阻止或减缓膀胱顺应性的改变,可防止上尿路扩张的发生。     

手部爆炸伤的临床分型与治疗

目的探讨手部爆炸伤新的临床分型以指导治疗、提高疗效。方法1997～2004年收治106例手部爆炸伤,按爆炸伤的严重程度和伤情特点将其划分四型：Ⅰ型：仅有皮肤灼伤、挫裂伤或手部的小面积皮肤缺损,治疗选用清创缝合或植皮修复;Ⅱ型：手部皮肤软组织缺损合并肌腱或骨关节损伤,但无手指血运障碍,治疗选用骨与关节复位固定、肌腱修复的同时必须采用皮瓣覆盖;Ⅲ型：手部广泛皮肤软组织缺损,伴有肌腱、血管、神经及骨关节损伤,手指缺血、离断或缺失,治疗必须应用显微外科技术实施血管吻合、断指再植或拇手指再造和皮瓣移植;Ⅳ型：手广泛毁损,治疗选择截肢术。结果本组Ⅰ型12例,手功能恢复正常;Ⅱ型31例,手功能恢复较好,14例遗留皮瓣臃肿或肌腱粘连,需二期治疗。Ⅲ型57例,无1例截肢,45例进行了二期功能重建手术,手功能恢复达正常的30%～80%不等;Ⅳ型6例,手功能完全丧失。结论该分型方法简明具体,便于临床判断受伤类型和选择治疗方法,并可估计愈合,对临床处理手部爆炸伤具有较好的指导意义。     

指甲延长术在指尖损伤中的临床应用

目的总结指甲延长术在指尖损伤中的临床应用经验。方法用这种方法对8例（拇指3例,食指4例,中指1例）指尖损伤的患者进行了指甲延长术。在距甲根皮缘0.5～0.6cm处,去除一块矩形皮肤,勿损伤皮下血管网,其高度0.2～0.3cm,宽度与甲相等,将“U”形皮瓣向近端柔和推剥并缝合。结果1例术后供区发生表浅感染,经交换敷料逐渐愈合。所有甲延长的手指术后经过顺利,随访7个月～2年（平均13个月）,指甲外形较好,取得较满意的临床效果。结论在指尖损伤中应用指甲延长术,可延长指甲2～3mm,改善了手指的外形,没有发生甲生长畸形,是一种简单有效的指甲延长手术方法。     

血管损伤的腔内治疗体会

目的：探讨腔内血管修复技术治疗血管损伤中的可行性及其疗效。方法：回顾性分析我科2002年6月至2006年8月诊治的血管外伤患者37例中12例接受血管腔内治疗患者的住院和随访资料。12例患者主要的血管病变类型是动静脉瘘、夹层形成、假性动脉瘤和动脉狭窄。其中1例采用球囊扩张合并血管支架植入，其余11例采用覆膜型血管支架植入。结果：技术成功率100％，无围手术死亡和严重并发症，术后症状全部改善。平均随访时间11．5个月。随访期间内无支架移位、内漏、支架内狭窄等并发症。结论：腔内治疗是一种新兴的治疗血管外伤的手段，与传统手术相比具有微创、安全等优点，短期随访效果满意，长期效果仍需继续观察。