Rectosigmoid junction: anatomical, histological, and radiological studies with special reference to a sphincteric function

The existence of a sphincter at the rectosigmoid junction (RSJ) is controversial. Recent studies have demonstrated a high-pressure zone within the RSJ which responds to sigmoid colon or rectal contractions by relaxation or contraction, respectively. These findings suggest the presence of a ”physiological” sphincter at the RSJ. The current study investigated the anatomical and histological structure and the radiological picture of the RSJ in view of the possible existence of an anatomical sphincter at the RSJ and elucidating its function. The RSJ was studied in 28 cadavers (18 adults and 10 fully mature neonates) by dissection. A histological study of the RSJ was performed in 5 cadavers. Radiological examination using double-contrast barium enema was carried out in 50 healthy volunteers (mean age 44.2±14.4 years; 32 men, 18 women). The mucous membrane of the RSJ was found in folds forming a ”mucosal rosette” of a mean length of 2.8±0.9 cm in adult specimens and 0.7±0.2 cm in neonates. The distal end of the mucosal rosette was sharply delineated and in some specimens protruded into the rectal lumen as a small nipple, which was surrounded by a ”rectal fornix” on either side. The histological examination of the RSJ showed mucosal foldings with deep crypts surrounded by lymphocytic aggregates and marginated by muscularis mucosa. The circular muscle coat showed gradually increasing thickness towards the rectum. Nerve cells in the submucosa were located at three levels: in the vicinity of the muscularis mucosa, in the middle of the submucosa, and in the proximity of the circular muscle. Radiologically the opening of the sigmoid colon into the RSJ presented as a ring or crescent. Radiological striations representing the mucosal rosette were demonstrated. The RSJ appeared as a narrow contractile segment. The anatomical, histological, and radiological findings thus indicate that the RSJ is a segment which can be identified by its interior rather than outer aspect. The study suggests the presence of an anatomical sphincter at the RSJ which seems to regulate the passage of stools from the sigmoid colon to the rectum. Accepted: 9 September 1999     

腕关节功能体位摄影技术与应用价值

目的：研究腕关节功能体位摄影技术，探讨对腕关节不稳定的诊断价值。材料与方法：收集整理同时摄影腕关节正侧位片和功能体位片者70例，由5名放射诊断医师分析腕关节不稳定在两种摄影片中的X线表现。结果：腕关节常规片发现异常26例，功能体位片发现异常40例，其中舟月骨分离17例，月骨脱位20例，头月骨刷围脱位3例。结论：腕关节常规摄影是腕部损伤主要检查方法，根据需要增加腕关节功能摄影片，腕关节功能体位摄影片既能发现静力性不稳定，又可发现动力性不稳定，从而避免腕关节不稳定症的漏检。     

先天性髋关节脱位的X线分析

目的：探讨X线检查在先天性髋关节脱位早期诊断中的应用价值。方法：收集121例1周岁以内骨盆正位片,其中随访证实先天性髋关节脱位患儿21例,患髋28例;正常婴幼儿100例,正常髋关节214例,分别对其髋关节正位进行测量分析,项目包括帕金（Perkin）方格、髋臼角、h值、f值、Shenton线、Clave线。结果：214例正常髋关节髋臼角,男21.90°±3.72°、女25.02°±3.45°;h值,男（0.90±0.13）cm、女（0.86±0.12）cm;f值,男（0.29±0.21）cm、女（0.30±0.11）cm;Shenton线,Shenton线连续206例,不连续8例;髂颈线（Clave线）均连续;股骨头骨骺显示者均在帕金（Perkin）方格内下象限。28例患髋髋臼角30.46°±3.75°,h值（0.39±0.42）cm,f值（0.64±0.23）cm,h     

北京市房山区2019年医疗照射频度调查

目的 掌握北京市房山区放射诊疗机构的基本情况和医疗照射频度.方法 采用普查的方式,网上录入调查表,获取放射诊疗机构的基本情况和各类放射诊疗项目的人次数,以及2019年全区常住人口数,得出各类放射诊疗项目的医疗照射频度.结果 2019年全区有放射诊疗机构60家,放射工作人员565人,放射诊疗设备199台.医疗照射频度为5...     

肾损伤的放射学诊断(附63例报告)

目的探讨肾损伤的影像诊断方法及其临床指导意义. 资料与方法回顾性分析63例肾损伤放射诊断资料. 结果腹部平片(KUB)检查29例,其中发现异常9例(31%),同时发现合并伤5例.静脉肾盂造影(IVU)检查29例, 其中发现异常20例(69%). CT检查34例,阳性34例(100%),合并伤9例. 手术19例(30.2%),保守治疗44例(69.8%),死亡1例(1.6%),治愈62例(98.4%). 结论 KUB检查对肾损伤的诊断率低,但可发现合并伤.IVU在了解伤肾和健肾功能、发现尿外渗方面有优势.CT检查可以明确肾损伤的程度、范围及分类,了解伤肾和健肾的功能,观察腹部其他脏器情况,具有无创、快速、安全、准确等优点,是诊断肾损伤的有效方法,对临床治疗方案的确定具有重要指导意义.     

宁夏地区放射诊疗资源配置现状及对策

目的 掌握宁夏地区放射诊疗资源配置情况，为卫生健康行政部门进一步优化医疗资源配置提供科学的政策数据。方法 采用发放调查表和现场调查相结合的方法。结果 宁夏放射诊疗设备共计928台，其中X射线影像诊断设备883台，放射治疗设备8台，介入放射学设备33台，核医学设备4台。放射工作人员1 676人，持证率为99.64%。平均每万人拥有放射诊疗设备1.36台，其中45.91%分布在银川市，其余4市明显分布较少。另外，介入放射学设备银川市约占50%，放射治疗设备和核医学设备只分布在银川市。结论 宁夏放射诊疗资源整体配置落后且分布不均衡，大部分集中在银川市，尤其是放射治疗和核医学等高端设备分布差异尤为明显。     

浅议放射卫生在医用辐射防护领域的几个问题

电离辐射在医学中的应用发展迅猛,与之紧密相连的医用电离辐射安全与防护问题始终是放射卫生工作的重要内容之一。本文从国民医疗照射水平与现状、医疗照射正当性判定、放射诊疗设备质量控制与保证、放射工作人员职业照射防护和放射诊疗患者健康效应研究等几个方面介绍我国当前的工作情况,分析存在的问题,提出相关建议。     

饮茶过量氟骨症X线表现

本文分析了新疆５个民族１２６例饮茶过量所致氟骨症Ｘ线的表现,在长骨中,前臂或小腿骨周骨化率９３．７％,以腕骨为多见的骨吸收点２７．８％,骨皮质厚７．９％,骨纹理粗疏２４．９％骨纹理紊乱１３．５％,关节退行性变３２．５％,以前臂小腿骨周骨化率为最高,同时观察到骨盆和腰椎骨密度增高２９．１％,骨质疏松１４％,韧带和肌腱附着处骨化３８．４％,骨纹理改变５８．１％。除骨吸收斑点外,此外氟骨症Ｘ线表现类似为