生物安全柜的控制

生物安全柜是重要的一级屏障设备，适当的控制方式对生物安全柜的防护能力是很重要的。文中主要介绍了生物安全柜的控制要点和几种控制方式及其特点。     

Changes in the SF-12 among Depressed Elders Six Months after Discharge from an Inpatient Geropsychiatric Unit

Using the SF-12 to measure physical and mental functioning, the authors examine the intra-individual changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) 6 months post-discharge for depressed older adults. In addition, they examine three sets of predictors that might influence these changes. The sample of depressed older adults was recruited from an inpatient geropsychiatry unit. Although their physical and mental health scores on the SF-12 were lower than comparable norms, the sample showed an average increase in their mental functioning but a decrease in the physical functioning over the 6 months. Negative life-events were significant predictors of people who reported no change in their mental health functioning and decreases in their physical health functioning. Interestingly, those who experienced positive life events were more likely to report declines and younger participants were more likely to report no change in their physical functioning. The findings indicate that the effects of depression on HRQOL can have enduring effects on a sample of previously hospitalized older adults. The significance of life event changes might signify the importance of taking into account non-traditional areas of medical interventions. Further, the findings indicate the usefulness of the SF-12 quantifying HRQOL outcomes.     

Women's access to modern methods of fertility regulation.

Preventing unintended pregnancies through access to modern family planning could avert 20-35% of maternal deaths, saving the lives of more than 100,000 women each year. Obstacles to wider access still exist, but they may be overcome by overt policy commitment to reproductive health services, partnership between stakeholders, community involvement and quality programs.     

深圳市全人口结核病控制实施效果评价

目的　研究深圳市实施包含非户籍人口在内的全人口结核病控制模式。方法 在全人口中推行以发现和彻底治疗传染性肺结核病为主的现代结核病控制和监测策略。结果 从1993年至2001年,登记涂阳肺结核8483例,治愈率96.3%。肺结核疫情明显下降,深圳市户籍人口涂阳患病率下降55.9%,非户籍人口涂阳患病率下降38.6%。结论 实施全人口结核病控制是必要的、可行的和科学的。     

主动呼吸控制技术(ABC)在肺癌放射治疗中的应用

目的：使用主动呼吸控制技术（aetive brething control,ABC）治疗非小细胞肺癌患者，评价呼吸运动时肺部肿瘤动度的影响及ABC技术的优势和可行性，并评价近期疗效和急性放射反应。方法：选择9例使用ABC技术联合三维造型放疗技术治疗的非小细胞系癌患者进行分析。CT定位扫描时分别采集ABC和自由呼吸（free breath.FB）状态下的图像，评价呼吸运动对肺部肿瘤动度和PTV边界的影响唾弃；并比较两种计划的DVH，放疗剂量为54-60Gy/18-20次。3Gy/次，1次/天，5天/周，定期随访，评价近期疗效及急性放射反应。结果：应用ABC技术后，隔肌的平均位移从FB时的43.5mm（20.0-32.0mm）降低为3.6mm（0.5-72.mm）,胸壁的侧方位移从FB时的3.2mm（2.8-4.0mm）降低为1.2mm（0.5-1.6mm）.PTV边界可以从FB时的1.5mm减少为0.75cm;肺的V20从21.8%降低为15.0%,减少了30.6%.中位随访6个月时,9例患者中有6例CR,3例PR.急性放射副反应都很轻微,仅为I-II.结论：在肺癌的精确放射治疗中,呼吸动度的影响不可忽视.而ABC系统可以有效的降低呼吸运动时治疗的影响,提高放疗的精确性,减少副反应.,但该系统使用较为复杂,延长了治疗的时间,个别患者不能忍受.     

消炎痛治疗宫内放环后出血

积极治疗节育手术并发症是搞好计划生育的一个重要环节。月经异常是宫内放置节育环的主要并发症，也是节育环停止使用的主要原因。近几年来本人采用消炎痛治疗官内放环后月经异常，取得了良好的效果。     

Optimal control of a revenue management system with dynamic pricing facing linear demand

This paper considers a dynamic pricing problem over a finite horizon where demand for a product is a time‐varying linear function of price. It is assumed that at the start of the horizon there is a fixed amount of the product available. The decision problem is to determine the optimal price at each time period in order to maximize the total revenue generated from the sale of the product. In order to obtain structural results we formulate the decision problem as an optimal control problem and solve it using Pontryagin's principle. For those problems which are not easily solvable when formulated as an optimal control problem, we present a simple convergent algorithm based on Pontryagin's principle that involves solving a sequence of very small quadratic programming (QP) problems. We also consider the case where the initial inventory of the product is a decision variable. We then analyse the two‐product version of the problem where the linear demand functions are defined in the sense of Bertrand and we again solve the problem using Pontryagin's principle. A special case of the optimal control problem is solved by transforming it into a linear complementarity problem. For the two‐product problem we again present a simple algorithm that involves solving a sequence of small QP problems and also consider the case where the initial inventory levels are decision variables. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stroke Unit care in Italy. Results from PROSIT (Project on Stroke Services in Italy). A nationwide study

Abstract The future challenge for improving stroke patients’ outcome will be to implement new Stroke Units (SUs) worldwide. However the best SU model remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of SUs and the quality characteristics of acute stroke care in Italy. We conducted a SU survey in Italy, interviewing the directors of the hospital wards that discharged at least 50 acute stroke patients a year. A SU was defined as an acute ward area with stroke-dedicated beds and staff. To compare the quality of care provided in SUs with that in general wards (GWs) we investigated the characteristics of five domains: hospital setting, unit setting, staffing, process of care and diagnostic investigations. We identified 68 SUs and 677 GWs. Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that SUs compared to GWs had higher quality scores in unit setting (ROC area=0.9721), staffing (ROC area=0.8760) and care organisation (ROC area=0.7984). The hospital setting (ROC area=0.7033) and the availability of rapid diagnostic investigations (ROC area=0.7164) had lower power in discriminating SU from GW. In Italy in 2003/04 only 9% of the hospital services had organised SU care. The study demonstrated that SUs admitted more than 100 patients per year, had more monitoring equipment and staffing time, and practised multidisciplinary meetings and early mobilisation. The utility of these structural and performance characteristics needs validation from outcome studies.