瑞波西汀对氯氮平所致代谢综合征及患者生活质量的影响

目的 观察瑞波西汀对氯氮平所致代谢综合征的改善作用,以及对慢性精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响.方法 将110例男性慢性精神分裂症患者分为研究组和对照组各55例,疗程24周,分别于治疗前及治疗后24周末测定体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、WHR、空腹血糖、血脂、血浆胰岛素(INS)水平等指标,采用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)评定对生活质量改善情况;以不良反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应.结果 治疗24周后,研究组体重、体重指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围、腰臀比(WHR)、TG、TC、LDL、VLDL、血浆胰岛素(INS)均低于治疗前,HDL高于治疗前,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义,与对照组比较差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05),血糖无明显改变.GQOLI-74躯体健康维度、心理功能维度、社会功能维度及总分得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).研究组失眠、便秘、出汗患者比例高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 瑞波西汀可有效改善氯氮平所致的代谢综合征,提高慢性精神分裂症患者的生活质量.     

Evidence-based practice: A quality indicator analysis of peer-tutoring in adapted physical education

The purpose of the research was to conduct a quality indicator analysis of studies investigating peer-tutoring for students with a disability in adapted physical education. An electronic search was conducted among English journals published from 1960 to November 2012. Databases included ERIC, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus. Fifteen research studies employing group-experimental (Gersten et al., 2005) or single-subject designs (Horner et al., 2005) met inclusion criteria. Each study was assessed for the presence and clarity of quality indicators. Group designs met an average of 62.5% essential and 69% desirable indicators. An average of 80% of indicators was present for single-subject designs. Results suggest claims of peer-tutoring being an evidence-based practice are premature. Recommendations for clarifying and applying the quality indicators are offered.     

社区心理咨询门诊184例案例分析

目的 了解社区居民心理咨询的主要问题及相关因素,以便更好地做好社区心理卫生服务工作.方法 使用中文版患者健康问卷（PHQ）分量表、健康状况调查问卷（SF-36）及自制量表对社区心理咨询门诊来访者进行问卷调查.对受调查来访者同时进行生命质量评估及相关分析.结果 （1）184例来访者中咨询原因居前3住的分别是：情绪问题（24.5％）,人际关系困扰（19.0％）,用药咨询（17.9％）.疾病诊断前4位的为精神分裂症（41.3％）,焦虑障碍（17.4％）,一般心理问题（15.8％）,抑郁发作（10.3％）.（2）76例（41.3％）来访者至少存在抑郁症状群或焦虑症状群或躯体症状群中一种症状群,其中81.58％为轻度;这一类来访者的SF-36各维度评分低于整体来访者的评分.结论 社区心理咨询门诊中,以精神症状群来访者为主,这一部分人群生活质量较差,尤其以精神健康方面生活质量明显降低.     

Quality of life in older people with oral cancer

There is a growing elderly population presenting with, and surviving, oral cancer. Making decisions about treatment is complex, and is influenced in part by prognosis and expected outcomes for health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We used the University of Washington Head and Neck Quality of Life scale (UWQoL) to compare HRQoL in patients by age group at a time closest to one year after primary surgery. Survival was analysed using data from the Office for National Statistics. A consecutive series of 1091 patients treated curatively for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at the regional maxillofacial unit at Aintree University Hospital between 1992 and 2009 were included in the main analysis. UWQoL data for 638 patients were available from about one year after treatment. Older patients (65 years or over) reported better physical and emotional function notably in regard to appearance, speech, saliva (75 years and over), pain, shoulder, mood, and anxiety than younger patients with head and neck cancer treated by operation. In conclusion, older patients seem to cope and adjust well to treatment and this is reflected in their HRQoL scores, which are higher in many domains than those of younger patients with head and neck cancer.     

Analysis of ion beam teletherapy patient-specific quality assurance

The objective of this study was to evaluate the procedures for patient-specific quality assurance measurements using modulated scanned and energy stacked beams for proton and carbon ion teletherapy. Delivery records from 1734 portal measurements were analyzed using a 3-point pass criteria: more than 22 of 24 chambers in a water phantom (WP) had to have a measured dose difference from the planned portal doses less than or equal to 3%, or the distance from the measurement point location to a point location in the plan having the same dose had to be less than or equal to 3?mm (distance to agreement [DTA]), and the mean dose deviation of all chambers had to be less than 3%. Stratification of results showed some associations between measurement parameters and pass rates. For proton portals, pass rates were high at all measurement depths, but for carbon ion portals, pass rates decreased as a function of increasing measurement depth. Pass rates of both proton and carbon ion portals with 1 WP were slightly lower than those with a second WP. The total pass rates were 97.7% and 91.9% for proton and carbon ion patient portals, respectively. In general, the measured doses exhibited good agreement with the treatment planning system (TPS) calculated doses. When the chamber position was deeper than 150?mm in carbon ion beams, a lower pass rate was observed, which may have been caused by ion chamber array setup uncertainty (lateral and depth) in highly modulated portals or incorrect modeling of scatter by the TPS. These deviations need further investigation.     

Temporary Health Impact of Prostate MRI and Transrectal Prostate Biopsy in Active Surveillance Prostate Cancer Patients

PurposeTo assess the temporary health impact of prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and transrectal prostate biopsy in an active surveillance prostate cancer population.MethodsA two-arm institutional review board–approved HIPAA-compliant prospective observational patient-reported outcomes study was performed from November 2017 to July 2018. Inclusion criteria were men with Gleason 6 prostate cancer in active surveillance undergoing either prostate mpMRI or transrectal prostate biopsy. A survey instrument was constructed using validated metrics in consultation with the local patient- and family-centered care organization. Study subjects were recruited at the time of diagnostic testing and completed the instrument by phone 24 to 72 hours after testing. The primary outcome measure was summary testing-related quality of life (summary utility score), derived from the testing morbidities index (TMI) (scale: 0 = death and 1 = perfect health). TMI is stratified into seven domains, with each domain scored from 1 (no health impact) to 5 (extreme health impact). Testing-related quality-of-life measures in the two cohorts were compared with Mann-Whitney U test.ResultsIn all, 122 subjects were recruited, and 90% (110 of 122 [MRI 55 of 60, biopsy 55 of 62]) successfully completed the survey instrument. The temporary quality-of-life impact of transrectal biopsy was significantly greater than that of prostate mpMRI (0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.85, versus 0.95, 95% CI 0.94-0.97; P < .001). The largest mean domain-level difference was for intraprocedural pain (transrectal biopsy 2.6, 95% CI 2.4-2.8, versus mpMRI 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5; P < .001).ConclusionTransrectal prostate biopsy has greater temporary health impact (lower testing-related quality-of-life measure) than prostate mpMRI.     

加用尤瑞克林对急性分水岭脑梗死患者神经功能及生活质量恢复的影响

目的研究尤瑞克林治疗急性分水岭脑梗死的临床疗效及对神经功能和生活质量的影响。方法选取我院2015年8月至2016年6月期间收治的急性分水岭脑梗死患者106例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组53例。对照组患者接受抗凝,调脂,控制血糖、血压等常规治疗,在此基础上,观察组患者静脉滴注尤瑞克林治疗,所有患者均连续治疗3周。比较两组患者的临床疗效,治疗前后评价两组患者的神经功能、生活质量及缺血区脑血流灌注情况,并观察不良反应。结果观察组的治疗总有效率(88.68%)明显高于对照组(71.70%)(χ~2=4.81,P=0.02);治疗后,观察组的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分明显低于对照组(t=5.68,P<0.01),日常生活能力量表(BI)评分明显高于对照组(t=6.43,P<0.01),观察组的局部脑血容量(r CBV)水平明显高于对照组(t=4.72,P<0.01),局部脑血流量(r CBF)、局部达峰时间(r TTP)、局部平均通过时间(r MTT)水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01);两组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论尤瑞克林治疗急性分水岭脑梗死具有非常显著的临床疗效,可以快速恢复梗死区域血流灌注,有效改善患者神经功能及生活质量,且治疗安全性高,值得在临床推广。     

Papel de la estimulación del nervio vago en el tratamiento de la epilepsia refractaria. Resultados clínicos e impacto en la calidad de vida

BackgroundVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used as a complementary therapy to pharmacological treatment in patients with refractory epilepsy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of VNS in reducing seizure frequency, severity, and duration; reducing the number of antiepileptic drugs administered; and improving patients’ quality of life.Material and methodsWe analysed the clinical progression of 70 patients with refractory epilepsy treated with VNS at Hospital Universitario de Alicante and Hospital Clínico de Valencia. Data were collected before and after the procedure. The difference in seizure frequency pre- and post-VNS was classified using the McHugh scale. Data were also collected on seizure duration and severity, the number of drugs administered, and quality of life.ResultsAccording to the McHugh classification, 12.86% of the patients were Class I, 44.29% were Class II, 40% were Class III, and the remaining 2.86% of patients were Class IV-V. A ≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency was observed in 57.15% of patients. Improvements were observed in seizure duration in 88% of patients and in seizure severity in 68%; the number of drugs administered was reduced in 66% of patients, and 93% reported better quality of life.ConclusionsVNS is effective for reducing seizure frequency, duration, and severity and the number of antiepileptic drugs administered. It also enables an improvement in patients’ quality of life.