青少年特发性胸椎侧凸患者的脊髓偏移及临床意义

[目的]揭示青少年胸椎特发性侧凸患者椎管内脊髓的偏移，明确其变化趋势，并探讨其可能的发生机制和临床意义。[方法]本研究包括39名以右胸弯为主弯的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis，AIS）患者。测量主胸弯节段内（T5-12）椎管内脊髓与凸凹侧椎弓根之间的距离，计算脊髓的偏移，揭示其变化趋势，并分析顶椎区脊髓偏移与主胸弯Cobb＇s角和顶椎相对偏移之间的相关性。[结果]在T5-12节段椎管内，脊髓与凸侧椎弓根之间的距离显著大于与凹侧椎弓根之间的距离（P〈0．05），即脊髓向凹侧椎弓根偏移，且以顶椎区最为显著，而逐渐向两侧端椎区递减。顶椎区脊髓偏移与主胸弯Cobb’s角和顶椎相对偏移存在显著的正相关（相关系数分别为0．631和0．546）。[结论]胸椎特发性脊柱侧凸患者存在侧凸节段椎管内脊髓偏移的现象，且以顶椎区最显著。研究结果提示脊髓偏移可能与脊椎偏移后凹侧脊神经的牵拉有关，而且凹侧置钉的风险高于凸侧。     

Discussing options between patients and health care professionals in genetic diagnosis: ethical and legal criteria

The specific characteristics of genetic data lead to ethical-legal conflicts in the framework of genetic diagnosis. Several international organisations, including UNESCO and the Council of Europe, have enacted rules referring to the use of genetic information. This paper discusses possible legal and ethical criteria that could be used in genetic testing.     

168例食管烧伤后瘢痕狭窄的预防和治疗

目的 总结食管烧伤后瘢痕狭窄预防和治疗的经马命。方法 168例中158例进行了172次外科治疗，11例进行了2次以上手术。早期人院Ⅱ度期以上34例采用改良食管腔内置管预防食管烧伤后瘢痕，末切除瘢痕狭窄结肠重建77例，切除狭窄食管胃重建27例，颈阔肌皮瓣修复颈部食管狭窄22例，其他类型手术12例。结果 29例拔出支撑管后治愈（85％）；5例再狭窄，其中1例扩张治愈。77例结肠重建术后5例死亡，颈部吻合口瘘14例，吻合口狭窄4例，腹部切口裂开2例。27例胃重建中，吻合口狭窄2例。脓胸1。颈阔肌皮瓣修复颈段狭窄22例中，3例发生颈部瘘。其他手术12例中，1例术后死于肠梗阻。所有生存出院患者均能进普食。 结论 管腔内置管能有效预防食管烧伤后瘢痕形成，根据瘢痕狭窄部位确定食管重建时是否切除狭窄食管。颈阔肌皮瓣是修复颈段食管狭窄或吻合口狭窄的优良方法。     

血糖水平对18F-FDG PET/CT图像质量的影响

目的 研究血糖水平对18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG) PET/CT图像质量的影响.方法 80例行体格检查或评价肿瘤性质的受检者,按空腹血糖水平分为9组(组间距为1mmol/L),第1组为血糖正常组,即血糖＜6.0mmol/L(10例);第2～9组血糖水平高于正常,分别为6.0～6.9mmol/L(11例),7.0～7.9mmol/L(13例),8.0～8.9mmol/L(11例),9.0～9.9mmol/L(11例),10.0～10.9mmol/L(8例),11.0～11.9mmol/L(6例),12.0～12.9mmol/L(5例),≥13.0mmol/L(5例).受检者做完PET/CT检查后,图像质量由2位有经验的医师独立判断.同时根据肝不同层面的标准摄取值(SUV)最大值(SUVmax)及SUV平均值(SUVavg)分别计算肝图像噪声.采用SPSS 12.0软件进行统计学处理.结果 (1)9组之间图像质量评分、肝噪声差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).将第2～9组图像质量评分、肝噪声分别与第1组进行比较,第2～7组与第1组差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);第8,9组与第1组比较差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05),且评分低于第1组.(2)血糖水平与图像质量评分呈负相关(r=-0.52,P＜0.05);血糖水平与肝噪声呈正相关(SUVmax、SUVavgr值分别为0.33和0.60,P均＜0.05);SUVavg所算噪声与血糖水平的相关性优于SUVmax.结论 图像质量随血糖水平的升高而下降,血糖＜12.0mmol/L时与血糖正常者PET/CT图像质量差异无统计学意义,但当血糖水平≥12.0mmol/L时图像质量将显著下降.     

Long-term results of surgical treatment of dysphagia secondary to cervical diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

Background contextLarge, prominent osteophytes along the anterior aspect of the cervical spine have been reported as a cause of dysphagia. Improvement of swallowing after surgical resection has been reported in a few case reports with short-term follow-up. The current report describes outcomes of a series of five patients with surgical treatment for this rare disorder, with a long-term follow-up.PurposeTo study the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a case series of patients surgically treated for dysphagia secondary to cervical diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).Study designRetrospective review of a case series.Patient sampleFive cases from a University Hospital.Outcome measuresClinical and imagenological follow-up.MethodsThe records of five patients with dysphagia who had undergone anterior surgical resection of prominent osteophytes secondary to DISH were reviewed. Extrinsic esophageal compression secondary to anterior cervical osteophytes was radiographically confirmed via preoperative barium esophagogram swallowing study. All patients underwent anterior cervical osteophytes resection without fusion. Postoperatively, patients were followed-up clinically and radiographically with routine lateral cervical radiographs.ResultsPreoperative esophagogram showed that the esophageal obstruction was present at one level in three cases and two levels in two cases. The C3–C4 level was involved in three cases, C4–C5 in three cases, and C5–C6 in one case. There were no postoperative complications, including recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, wound infection, or hematomas. All patients had resolution of dyphagia soon after surgery (within 2 weeks). Postoperative radiographs demonstrated complete removal of osteophytes. At final follow-up, ranging from 1 to 9 years (average 59.8 months, median 53 months), no patients reported recurrence of dysphagia. Final radiographic examination demonstrated minimal regrowth of the osteophytes.ConclusionsAlthough rarely indicated, surgical resection of anterior cervical osteophytes from DISH causing dyphagia produces good clinical and radiographical outcomes. After thorough evaluation to rule out other intrinsic or extrinsic causes of swallowing difficulty, surgical treatment of this uncommon condition might be considered.     

基层医院腹腔镜胆囊切除术1696例的治疗体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜在基层医院普及开展的可行性和主要并发症的预防。方法:回顾分析1999年6月至2006年5月我院1 696例腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床资料。结果:1 696例LC成功1 635例,中转开腹61例,中转率3.6%,发生并发症17例,其中胆管损伤1例,腹腔内出血2例,胆漏2例,腹腔感染1例,胆管残石3例,遗漏腹腔内病变6例,上消化道出血2例。结论:LC在基层医院的开展日益成熟,成为治疗胆囊良性疾患的“金标准”。术前注意鉴别诊断,术中操作轻柔,辨明胆囊三角结构,能避免严重并发症的发生。