结核病专科医院临床护士营养知识态度现状调查分析

目的了解结核病专科医院护士的营养知识和态度的现状,分析其相关性,为针对性地进行营养知识培训提供依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,对某三甲结核病专科医院的256名临床护士的营养知识和态度进行调查。结果护士营养知识正确率53.74%,得分(16.12±4.56)分,其中良好、一般、差者分别占1.2%、41.0%、57.8%;不同年龄、工作年限、学历、职务、编制、工作状况护士的营养知识掌握情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);态度得分为(94.56±10.53)分,持正性、中性、负性态度者分别占64.5%、33.6%、1.9%,不同职称护士的营养态度得分差异有统计学意义(P0.01);营养知识与态度呈正相关(P0.01)。结论护理管理者应加强对护士营养知识的培训,端正其对营养的态度,从而提高营养护理质量。     

Xpert MTB/RIF在骨关节结核患者

【摘要】 目的：探讨Xpert MTB/RIF在骨关节结核患者快速诊断中的应用价值。方法：2014年2月~2014年11月使用Xpert MTB/RIF对49例骨关节结核患者及32例非结核性骨关节病患者的脓液标本进行检测,以临床诊断为金标准,计算Xpert MTB/RIF检测结核分枝杆菌的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、一致率;同时对脓液标本行抗酸染色及结核分枝杆菌快速培养（BACTECT MGIT 960）,比较Xpert MTB/RIF与抗酸染色、结核分枝杆菌快速培养在敏感性及特异性上的差异;综合上述两方面因素评价Xpert MTB/RIF在骨关节结核患者快速诊断中的应用价值。结果：Xpert MTB/RIF检测单个脓液标本的时间为2.3±0.2h。49例骨关节结核患者脓液标本中,46例Xpert MTB/RIF检测结核分枝杆菌阳性,3例Xpert MTB/RIF阴性;32例非结核性骨关节病患者脓液标本中,1例Xpert MTB/RIF检测结核分枝杆菌阳性,31例Xpert MTB/RIF阴性;以临床诊断为金标准,Xpert MTB/RIF检测结核分枝杆菌的敏感性为93.87%、特异性为96.87%、阳性预测值为97.87%、阴性预测值为91.17%,一致率为95.06%。在46例Xpert MTB/RIF结核分枝杆菌阳性的骨关节结核患者中,10例存在利福平耐药突变基因,耐药突变率为21.73%。49例骨关节结核患者脓液标本中,抗酸染色阳性8例,阴性41例,敏感性为17.39%;结核分枝杆菌快速培养阳性患者11例,阴性38例,敏感性为23.91%;32例非结核性骨关节病患者脓液标本抗酸染色及结核分枝杆菌快速培养均为阴性,其特异性均为100%。Xpert MTB/RIF检测结核分枝杆菌的的敏感性优于抗酸染色及结核分枝杆菌快速培养（P<0.05）,特异性与抗酸染色及结核分枝杆菌快速培养无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：Xpert MTB/RIF在骨关节结核患者的快速诊断中具有较高的诊断效能,其耗时短,敏感性高,特异性强,与抗酸染色及结核分枝杆菌快速培养比较具有明显优势。     

马方及类马方综合征脊柱侧凸与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者肺功能障碍的差异性比较

目的:比较马方和类马方综合征脊柱侧凸(Marfan syndrome and Marfanoid scoliosis,MMS)患者与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者肺功能的差异及影响因素。方法:1999年9月~2013年4月我院收治的以胸弯(冠状面)为主的马方及类马方综合征脊柱侧凸患者共85例,其中年龄为11~19岁且临床资料完整的患者共40例(MMS组),男14例,女26例;收集患者术前肺功能指标,包括第1秒最大呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大用力呼气峰流量(PEF),数值采用实测值占预计值的百分比,分析肺功能指标与年龄、冠状面Cobb角、胸后凸Cobb角、胸弯柔韧度之间的关系。并与同期住院行脊柱侧凸矫形内固定术的相匹配的80例AIS患者(AIS组)的术前肺功能参数进行比较。采用曼-惠特尼U检验比较两组间的差异,并用Pearson相关性分析对两组患者肺功能指标与患者年龄及相关脊柱侧凸指标进行相关性分析。结果:MMS组患者中肺功能处于中、重度损害的比例(11/40)显著高于AIS组(5/80)(P0.05)。MMS组患者FEV1、FVC均明显小于AIS组患者(P0.05);PEF两组间差异无统计学意义。MMS组患者FEV1、FVC与冠状面Cobb角呈显著性负相关(r=-0.444、-0.524,P0.05);FEV1、FVC、PEF与年龄之间呈正显著性相关(r=0.363,0.326,0.348,P0.05);FVC与胸弯冠状面柔韧度之间呈显著性正相关(r=0.321,P0.05);FEV1、FVC与胸椎后凸角均无显著相关性。AIS组患者FEV1、FVC、PEF等指标与冠状面Cobb角呈显著性负相关(r=-0.338、-0.293、-0.253,P0.05);FEV1、PEF与年龄之间呈显著性正相关(r=0.286、0.341,P0.05);FEV1与胸后凸Cobb角之间呈显著性正相关(r=0.238,P0.05)。两组患者肺功能指标与相关指标间的相关性存在差异。结论:MMS患者肺功能损害较AIS患者严重,其肺功能主要受胸弯冠状面Cobb角、年龄共同影响。     

半椎板切除减压植骨融合内固定治疗腰椎结核

[目的]评价后路半椎板切除全椎管减压、病灶清除、同种异体骨植骨融合内固定术治疗腰椎结核的临床效果。[方法]自2010年3月~2013年10月,本院采用经后路半椎板切除全椎管减压、病灶清除、同种异体骨植骨融合内固定术治疗腰椎结核患者32例。[结果]术后患者症状较前明显改善。术后VAS、ESR、CRP及Cobb’s角改善明显,JOA优良率为90.6%;ODI优良率为93.7%;术后1年X线片示融合率为90.6%。[结论]采用后路半椎板切除全椎管减压、病灶清除、同种异体骨植骨融合内固定术治疗腰椎结核是一种安全、有效的手术策略。     

Adrenal cortical carcinoma initially presented with overwhelming disseminated intravascular coagulation

We report a 54-year-old man who had adrenal cortical carcinoma initially manifested as features of overwhelming disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In the initial diagnostic work-up, an adrenal mass was detected with venous thrombi in the abdominal imaging study, but the radiologic diagnosis was a hematoma arising from the adrenal gland and a biopsy was not possible due to a bleeding tendency. A lot of platelets and plasma products were transfused, but the bleeding tendency and other DIC features persisted. Finally, he expired because of newly developed massive pulmonary thromboembolism. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of adrenal cortical carcinoma complicated with bleeding tendency caused by DIC as an initial manifestation. This suggests that adrenal cortical carcinoma should be considered in a patient with an adrenal mass and DIC features.     

EnSite-NavX 与CARTO系统引导对心房颤动环肺静脉消融术的初步比较

目的比较EnSite-NavX系统与CARTO系统引导进行环肺静脉消融术（CPVA）治疗心房颤动（房颤）的各自特点、CPVA技术参数和临床疗效的差别。方法75例阵发性或持续性房颤患者,随机分为EnSite—NavX（n=40）和CARTO（n=35）引导的环肺静脉消融术两组,房间隔穿刺后,重建左房三维结构和环肺静脉射频消融。对持续性房颤进行线性消融以改良左房基质。消融终点为完全肺静脉电隔离。结果74例顺利完成消融术。CARTO组的总操作时间和X线透视时间显著短于EnSite—NavX组（P=0．03、0．04）,左心房三维重建时间和X线透视时间两组差异无统计学意义。环肺静脉消融时,CARTO组的X线透视时间和操作时间显著短于EnSite-NavX组。EnSite．NavX组中14例（35％）房颤放电终止,多于CARTO组的5例（14％）,P=0．04。单纯环肺静脉消融EnSite-NavX组实现肺静脉电隔离26例（65％）,显著多于CARTO组的11例（31％）,P=0．004。平均随访7个月,EnSite—NavX组32例（80％）和CARTO组24例（69％）无房颤发作,P=0．06。CARTO组1例发生心包压塞,经开胸修补痊愈;1例发生肠系膜小动脉栓塞,经药物治疗痊愈。EnSite-NavX组1例出现血胸,经胸腔穿刺引流痊愈。两组均未见肺静脉狭窄。结论三维标测系统引导下的房颤环肺静脉消融术临床效果相似。     

A single pulmonary rheumatoid nodule masquerading as malignancy

We present a 54-year-old man, a heavy smoker, with clinical and laboratory evidence of familial hypercholesterolemia and an asymptomatic solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) increasing in size on follow-up chest X–ray. Laboratory work-up revealed high titers of rheumatoid factor and the presence of acute phase reactants. Because of the patients age and history of smoking, open lung biopsy was performed to rule out malignancy. The biopsy showed histological features compatible with a rheumatoid nodule. Identical features were noted in the histological examination of the subcutaneous nodule. Usually, rheumatoid nodules occur in patients with active, long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with other extra-articular manifestations. The presence of a single pulmonary rheumatoid nodule as the first manifestation of RA is extremely rare. Histologic proof is often required since pulmonary carcinoma can present an identical clinical and radiological pattern. The diagnostic work-up and the differential diagnosis of an SPN, particularly in a heavy smoker, is a common clinical request and remains a diagnostic challenge.     

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein permits early risk stratification of pulmonary embolism.

AIMS: We investigated the value of a novel early biomarker, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), in risk stratification of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively included 107 consecutive patients with confirmed PE. The endpoints were (i) PE-related death or major complications and (ii) overall 30-day mortality. Overall, 29 patients (27%) had abnormal (>6 ng/mL) H-FABP levels at presentation. Of those, 12 (41%) had a complicated course, whereas all patients with normal baseline H-FABP had a favourable 30-day outcome (OR, 71.45; P<0.0001). At multivariable analysis, H-FABP (P<0.0001), but not cardiac troponin T (P=0.13) or N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (P=0.36), predicted an adverse outcome. Evaluation of a strategy combining biomarker testing with echocardiography revealed that patients with a negative H-FABP test had an excellent prognosis regardless of echocardiographic findings. In contrast, patients with a positive H-FABP test had a complication rate of 23.1% even in the presence of a normal echocardiogram, and this rose to 57.1% if echocardiography also demonstrated right ventricular dysfunction (OR vs. a negative H-FABP test, 5.6 and 81.4, respectively). CONCLUSION: H-FABP is a promising early indicator of right ventricular injury and dysfunction in acute PE. It may help optimize risk stratification algorithms and treatment strategies.     

慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉重塑与尾加压素Ⅱ及其受体的表达

目的 研究尾加压素Ⅱ(U Ⅱ)蛋白和mRNA及U Ⅱ受体(UT)mRNA在慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉的表达,探讨其在病程中的作用.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠,麻醉后经颈静脉注入体外制备的血栓栓子,2周后同法进行2次栓塞,造模成功大鼠分为2周组、4周组、8周组、12周组,全程腹腔注射抗纤维溶解剂氨甲环酸,达到目标日期后行以下检查:(1)测量平均肺动脉压(mPAP);(2)用免疫学检验和原位杂交的方法检测不同节段肺动脉U Ⅱ蛋白和mRNA表达及UT mRNA表达;(3)在光镜下观察肺动脉显微结构的变化,测定肺动脉相对中膜厚度(PAMT)和管壁面积/管总面积(WA/TA).采用SPSS 13.0软件,所有数据以-x±s表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间差异采用LSD方差分析.结果 (1)栓塞后4、8及12周组的大鼠mPAP值分别为(19.9±6.2)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、(23.8±4.1)mm Hg、(27.4±5.4)mm Hg,较对照组明显升高(F值为13.75,P＜0.01),PAMT百分比分别为42.6±11.16、47.82±10.02、53.79±10.41,WA/TA百分比分别为22.75±6.79、25.32±4.90、27.05±7.71,较对照组均明显增大(F值分别为5.52和6.61,P均＜0.01);(2)栓塞后肺动脉U Ⅱ蛋白和U Ⅱ mRNA以及UT mRNA表达上调,细小动脉较中型动脉变化更为明显,4、8及12周组肺细小动脉U Ⅱ mRNA和UT mRNA及U Ⅱ蛋白平均吸光度值分别为0.138±0.019、0.144±0.022、0.173±0.021和0.126±0.028、0.146±0.029、0.157±0.025,与对照组相比明显升高(F值分别为30.39、30.78和14.49,P均＜0.01),随着栓塞时间的延长,表达呈明显增加的趋势;(3)肺细小动脉U Ⅱ蛋白和mRNA及UT mRNA的平均吸光度值均与mPAP、PAMT呈正相关关系(r值分别为0.822、0.866、0.846;0.675、0.712、0.756,P均＜0.01).结论 慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压大鼠出现明显肺动脉重构,尾加压素Ⅱ蛋白和mRNA及其UT mRNA在肺动脉表达明显上调,其动态变化与肺动脉高压、肺血管重构的病理过程明显相关.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺动脉高压时肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖与凋亡

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者肺动脉高压及肺血管重塑的机制。方法将患者分为非COPD非肺动脉高压组（A组）、COPD非肺动脉高压组（B组）和COPD并肺动脉高压组（C组），应用免疫组织化学方法检测肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA），用原位缺口末端DNA碎片标记技术检测肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡。结果A组肺小动脉管壁较薄，管腔较大；B组管壁厚度增加，管腔变窄，其程度介于A组和C组之间；C组肺小动脉管壁明显增厚，管腔明显变窄，平滑肌细胞增生肥大，呈现明显的肺血管重塑现象；图像分析结果表明。B组及C组管壁厚度占外径的百分比（WT％）和血管壁横断面积占血管总面积的百分比（WA％）分别为（20±4）和（35±5）％、（28±5）和（50±6）％，明显高于A组的（16±3）和（25±3）％。C组与B组相比，WT％及WA％明显增高。3组肺小动脉壁平滑肌细胞均存在一定比例的增殖与凋亡，B组和C组肺小动脉平滑肌细胞增殖指数（PI）为（19±5）和（38±7）％，明显高于A组的（8±2）％；两组凋亡指数为（4．5±1．3）和（3．1±1．3）％，均明显低于A组的（6．9±1．9）％；B组肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖指数低于C组，而凋亡指数高于C组。C组及B组氧分压与肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖指数成负相关（r=-0．519，P=0．003），与肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡指数成正相关（r=0．441，P=0．015）。结论肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖增加和凋亡减少。由此引起增殖与凋亡失衡是COPD患者肺血管重塑及发生肺动脉高压的主要机制；缺氧是引起肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖增加和凋亡减少的主要原因之一。