社区健康教育在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者实施长期家庭氧疗中的作用

目的：研究社区健康教育对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者实施长期氧疗的方法及优势。方法选择2012年6月-2013年12月本社区收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者90例,根据就诊的先后顺序随机分为两组。对照组患者使用一般社区干预方法,试验组患者在对照组干预的基础上给予社区健康教育,观察两组患者的干预效果。结果在健康教育后,试验组患者治疗依从性高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0.05）;家庭氧疗3个月后,试验组患者的 PaO2、血氧饱和度（SaO2）、用力肺活量（FVC）、1秒末用力呼气容积（FEV1）均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论加强社区健康教育可以有效地提高慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者家庭氧疗的依从性,改善患者肺部功能。     

胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除术治疗Ⅰ/Ⅱ期周围型肺癌的临床效果

目的：观察并评价胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除术治疗Ⅰ/Ⅱ期周围型肺癌的临床效果。方法选择2012年5月~2013年3月于本院手术治疗的Ⅰ/Ⅱ期周围型肺癌患者76例,根据治疗术式的不同,分为对照组（n=34）和观察组（n=42）,对照组采取传统开胸肺叶切除术治疗,观察组采取胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除术治疗,比较两组的手术情况、术后并发症及预后情况。结果两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后镇痛药使用时间、住院时间及并发症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组术后12个月局部复发率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组上肢活动受限率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除术是治疗Ⅰ/Ⅱ期周围型非小细胞肺癌的有效术式,具有创伤小、患者术后恢复快的特点,且不增加患者术后近期复发率,利于患者术后生活质量的提高,远期手术效果有待进一步观察。     

Preoperative evaluation and indications for pulmonary metastasectomy

Pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) is an established treatment that can provide improved long-term survival for patients with metastatic tumor(s) in the lung. In the current era, where treatment options other than PM such as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), immunotherapy, and molecular-targeted therapy are available, thoracic surgeons should review the approach to the preoperative evaluation and the indications. Preoperative evaluation consists of history and physical examinations, physiological tests, and radiological examinations. Radiological examinations serve to identify the differential diagnosis of the pulmonary nodules, evaluate their precise number, location, and features, and search for extra thoracic metastases. The indication of PM should be considered from both physiological and oncological points of view. The general criteria for PM are as follows; (I) the patient has a good general condition, (II) the primary malignancy is controlled, (III) there is no other extrapulmonary metastases, and (IV) the pulmonary lesion(s) are thought to be completely resectable. In addition to the general eligibility criteria of PM, prognostic factors of each tumor type should be considered when deciding the indication for PM. When patients have multiple poor prognostic factors and/or a short disease-free interval (DFI), thoracic surgeons should not hesitate to observe the patient for a certain period before deciding on the indication for PM. A multidisciplinary discussion is needed in order to decide the indication for PM.     

Multimodal and palliative treatment of patients with pulmonary metastases

Pulmonary metastasectomy has become an important part of the multimodality treatment. Surgical practice is based on observational studies published during the last decades, since no randomized clinical trials exist on the topic. However, the overall survival can be improved after pulmonary metastasectomy in carefully selected patients. The objective of resection of pulmonary metastases is to remove all tumor while preserving as much normal pulmonary parenchyma as possible and reduce invasiveness. Contrary, nonsurgical local treatment options for pulmonary metastases include thermal ablation techniques and stereotactic ablative body radiation. Thermal ablation techniques include microwave, cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation. The present review article gives an overview on the topic and should help thoracic surgeons to make the right decisions in their daily practice.     

Diagnostic yield and safety of bronchofiberscopy for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

BackgroundPulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a diffuse lung disease characterized by the abnormal accumulation of surfactant-like material within the alveolar spaces and distal bronchioles. If high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) indicates the presence of PAP, a definitive diagnosis of PAP is established when consistent pathological findings are obtained. Herein, we retrospectively studied the yield and safety of bronchofiberscopy in the diagnosis of PAP.MethodsOne hundred and fifty consecutive patients with PAP were prospectively registered in the PAP cohort database of the National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center between January 1991 and December 2018. We examined 86 patients who underwent bronchofiberscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial lung forceps biopsy (TBLB).ResultsThe patients included 56 men and 30 women, with a median age of 57 years. All patients had autoimmune PAP, and the median level of anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies was 42.8 μg/mL. The diagnostic yield was 90.7% (78/86) with BAL and 81.4% (70/86) with TBLB. The combination of BAL and TBLB increased the yield to 98.8%. Age, disease severity score, and frequency of traction bronchiectasis on HRCT were significantly different between the TBLB-positive and TBLB-negative groups. No patient developed serious complications due to bronchofiberscopy; TBLB-related complications included pneumothorax (3.5%) and minimal bleeding (7.0%).ConclusionsBronchofiberscopy, in combination with BAL and TBLB, is an effective and safe method for the diagnosis of PAP, with a yield of 98.8%.     

Assessment of Reversibility in Pulmonary Hypertension Related to Congenital Heart Disease by Using Biomarkers and Clinical Features

Background: Reversibility of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is closely related to the treatment options for and prognosis of children with congenital heart disease. Objective: We combined patient-specific clinical features including diagnosis, age and echocardiographic results, and biomarkers of pulmonary vascular dysfunction to explore the noninvasive methods that can be used to accurately evaluate the reversibility of pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease (PH-CHD). Methods: Based on the preoperative systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP), 70 CHD patients were divided into normal, PH-CHD suspected, and confirmed groups. Additionally, biomarkers of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were detected. Patients were categorized into reversible (RPH) and irreversible (IRPH) groups according to the sPAP 6 months after surgery. Risk stratification was performed according to the clinical features and biomarkers. Results: CECs and ET-1 levels in the confirmed group were significantly higher. eNOS was higher in the confirmed and suspected groups than that in the normal group. CECs in the IRPH group were significantly higher compared to the RPH group. No such intergroup differences were observed with respect to ET-1 and eNOS levels. The ROC curve showed that the risk stratification was of high diagnostic value to evaluate reversibility. Conclusion: The CECs, eNOS, and ET-1 were closely related with PH-CHD. CECs and risk stratification have high practical value in assessing the reversibility of PH-CHD.     

纠正低蛋白血症减少抗结核药物性肝损伤发生临床研究*

目的 探讨纠正低蛋白血症对减少抗结核药物性肝损伤(DILI)发生的作用。方法 2019 年3月～2021 年3 月汕头市中心医院感染病科收治的56例肺结核合并低蛋白血症患者被分为两组,每组28例。给予两组2HRZE/4HR抗结核治疗,另给予观察组输注人血白蛋白纠正低蛋白血症,对照组仅接受抗结核治疗,两组治疗时间均为6个月。使用全自动生化分析仪检测血清白蛋白(ALB)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和总胆红素(TBIL)水平,采用化学发光法检测血清总胆汁酸(TBA)水平。在DILI发生时,给予护肝治疗。在治疗结束时,评定临床转归,进行痰培养和肺部CT检查。结果 观察组结核治愈有效率为92.9%,显著高于对照组的71.4%(P<0.05);观察组痰菌转阴率为91.3%,显著高于对照组的(66.7%,P<0.05),肺部病变吸收率为89.3%,显著高于对照组的64.3%(P<0.05);在治疗期间,观察组DILI发生率为25.0%,显著低于对照组的53.6%(P<0.05);在DILI发生时,7例观察组血清ALB水平为(35.2±4.9)g/L,显著高,15例对照组【(29.6±4.9)g/L g/L,P<0.05】,而血清TBIL水平为(33.6±5.2)μmol/L,显著低于对照组【(45.7±16.6)μmol/L,P<0.05】;在护肝治疗后,观察组血清AST、ALT、ALP、TBIL和TBA水平分别为(39.4±9.8)U/L、(35.1±10.8)U/L、(98.6±16.2)U/L、(17.4±4.6)μmol/L和(81.3±13.7)μmol/L,均显著低于对照组【分别为(64.8±9.9)U/L、(78.0±13.8)U/L、(133.7±22.9)U/L、(26.5±6.8)μmol/L和(96.9±16.4)μmol/L,P<0.05】。结论 补充人血白蛋白及时纠正低蛋白血症,对于肺结核合并低蛋白血症患者能够提高结核治愈率,降低药物性肝损害发生率,值得进一步研究。     

mmu_circ_0001033过表达慢病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的构建环状RNA mmu_circ_0001033慢病毒表达载体,作为在低氧性肺动脉高压功能学实验研究的基础。 方法首先设计引物将目的基因片段从原质粒上扩增下来,通过引物两端所含无缝克隆识别位点将其重组到酶切后的过表达载体上;将连接产物转入制备好的细菌感受态细胞,而后将其单克隆菌落送测序公司进行测序鉴定。其次通过PCR产物跑胶和测序验证成环情况。最后用构建的重组表达载体和包装质粒共同转染293T细胞,包装慢病毒,收集病毒原液,超滤浓缩,并测定滴度。 结果经过比对,重组克隆中插入片段序列与目的片段序列完全一致,表明质粒构建成功。PCR产物后经sanger测序确认环化位点处序列完全正确。将构建的过表达载体测序结果和质粒构建方案基因比对,重组克隆中插入片段序列与目的片段序列与预期完全一致,可实现转染质粒后目的基因的表达,PCR产物跑胶和测序结果表明mmu_circ_0001033成环成功。PCR产物跑胶和测序结果表明mmu_circ_0001033成环成功。最后通过比较RT-qPCR测定病毒滴度值为2.09×10⁸ TU/ml。 结论成功构建环状RNA mmu_circ_0001033慢病毒表达载体,能稳定转染293T细胞,可用于后续细胞实验。     

脑出血患者气管切开并发肺部感染的预测研究

目的探讨脑出血患者气管切开并发肺部感染的预测方法及价值。 方法选取亳州市人民医院重症医学科自2018年5月至2020年2月收治的142例脑出血气管切开患者为研究对象,按照脑出血气管切开患者并发肺部感染情况,分为发生组和未发生组。分析脑出血气管切开患者肺部感染危险因素,对比2组患者气管切开术后次日血清白蛋白（Alb）、降钙素原（PCT）及D-二聚体（D-D）水平。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清Alb、PCT、D-D水平及三者联合预测脑出血气管切开并发肺部感染的价值。 结果本组患者中有33例（23.24%）并发肺部感染,纳入发生组,余109例患者纳入未发生组。发生组脑出血气管切开患者的血清Alb水平[（34.28±7.61）g/L]明显低于未发生组[（48.15±9.27）g/L],PCT[（0.25±0.06）ng/mL]和D-D水平[（253.16±41.27）μg/L]均明显高于未发生组[（0.17±0.05）ng/mL,（168.41±35.24）μg/L],差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。慢性阻塞性肺疾病、吸烟史、低蛋白血症、气管切开距离发病时间≥5 d、气管插管、使用呼吸机、应用广谱抗菌药物、进行颅脑手术、血清Alb<40 g/L、PCT≥0.15 ng/L、D-D≥200 μg/L均是影响出血性气管切开患者肺部感染发生的独立危险因素（P<0.05）,入院GCS评分是其保护因素（OR=0.551,P=0.023）;ROC分析显示,血清Alb、PCT、D-D水平预测脑出血气管切开患者并发肺部感染的最佳截断点分别为36.29 g/L、0.23 ng/mL、228.05 μg/L;血清Alb、PCT及D-D三者联合预测脑出血气管切开患者并发肺部感染的灵敏度、特异度、曲线下面积（AUC）分别为69.70%、97.25%、0.912,特异度和AUC均高于单独预测（P<0.05）,灵敏度与单独预测差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论脑出血气管切开患者并发肺部感染风险高,且慢性阻塞性肺疾病、吸烟史、低蛋白血症等与血清Alb<40 g/L、PCT≥0.15 ng/L、D-D≥200 μg/L均是其影响因素,血清Alb、PCT、D-D水平联合可用于预测肺部感染。