青年细支气管肺泡癌X线平片及CT表现分析

目的:研究青年细支气管肺泡癌的胸片与CT表现特征性和病理学发生基础及临床特点,提高对该病诊断认识水平。方法:回顾性对比分析24例。经纤支镜,穿刺活检,手术病理证实的细支气管肺泡癌的胸片及CT表现以及转移灶的特征表现,探讨各型病变的影像学特征。结果:根据大体病理及相对影像上病变形态和分布特点,可将细支气管肺泡癌分为孤立结节型5例占21%,多发结节型11例占46%,弥漫型8例占33%。其中孤立结节型相对特异型征象较多,如分叶征,支气管充气征,胸膜凹陷征;多发结节型;胸片表现为两肺中下叶棉球样征象,但CT显示为两肺弥漫多发结节状,碎路石征象,常伴有胸膜牵拉等征象;弥漫粟粒型:两肺中下叶呈粟粒样改变,部分病例有融合,实变现象,临床上易误诊为粟粒型肺结核,转移瘤或肺炎等疾病。另外,细支气管肺泡癌骨骼转移灶呈浸润性破坏,分布较广,以肋骨和锁骨侵犯为多见。结论:细支气管肺泡癌的影像表现复杂多样,对各型的征象表现进行深入细致地分析,结合临床特点,可提高对本病的诊断符合率。     

烧伤患者吸入性损伤和肺部感染的发生特点及其对死亡的影响

为了评价吸入性损伤和肺部感染的发生特点及其对死亡的影响，总结了我科近１４年住院治疗的热力烧伤患者９４０例，其中吸入性损伤７５例，轻度１５例，全部治愈，中度２５例，死亡１３例，死亡率为５２．０％，重度３５例，死亡３１例，死亡率为８８．６％。统计分析表明，合并吸入性损伤者６９．３％在密闭空间发生，同时伴有面部烧伤者达９６．０％。随着烧伤面积的增加，吸入性损伤发生率和肺部感染的发生率相应增加。有吸入性损伤肺部感染较无吸入性损伤肺部感染率为高（Ｐ＜０．０１），发生时间早。两组同等烧伤面积、深度、年龄患者，有吸入性损伤组发生死亡的危险比无吸入性损伤组大１７．２倍（Ｐ＜０．００１）。烧伤面积、深度和年龄相近，合并肺部感染者明显增加了死亡的机会（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

Right ventricular-pulmonary arterial interactions

The application of pulsatile models to hemodynamic data has made possible a more complete understanding of the relationship of pulmonary pressure and flow. To review the genesis of these concepts, the unique characteristics of the pulmonary artery and right ventricle are outlined as a basis for understanding why differences in their pulsatile properties from the systemic circuit must exist. The pulmonary impedance spectrum is introduced and the concept of optimal right ventricular-pulmonary artery coupling is explored based on a review of extensive experimental data. Finally, available studies of normal pulmonary impedance in man and abnormal impedance in human disease states are reviewed, with emphasis on disturbances in optimal ventricular-vascular coupling. The important implications of these concepts for understanding and treatment of cardiovascular disease are developed.     

心脏连续横断断层的解剖学研究

用20个成人尸体心脏,从右心耳上缘平面向下作1.0cm厚的连续横断断层切片。对心脏每一断层下断面,进行各项观测,同时还观察了心脏各断层与胸壁的对应关系。     

血清脂质结合唾液酸测定对肺部病变的诊断价值

本文介绍正常人113名,肺部恶性病变49例及肺部良性病变33例的血清LSA测定结果,正常人血清LSA含量平均值为0.1243±0.0358g/L。特异性97.40％,男女间无差异,48例肺癌血清LSA平均值0.2698±0.0915g/L,敏感性85.40％;33例良性病变LSA平均值0.1712±0.0767g/L,特异性78.79％。肺癌患者血清LSA较良性病变明显升高,故测定血清LSA对鉴别良恶性病变有一定价值。     

31例活动性肺结核治疗前及治愈后的CT征象分析

目的 探讨抗结核疗前及治愈后活动性肺结核CT征象的变化特点.方法 选取临床治愈的活动性肺结核31例,对比观察活动性肺结核的CT征象转归表现.结果 肺结核活动性CT征象治愈前检出率为100.0%,治疗后检出率为35.5%.活动性CT征象中毛玻璃阴影、节段分布小叶中心结节影、小叶样实变影、树芽征、支气管壁增厚、厚壁空洞和肺实变治疗前检出率分别为87.1%、80.6%、80.1%、61.3%、58.1%、48.4%和32.3%、,治愈后检出率分别为0、19.4%、0、0、12.9%、0和3.2%.治疗前活动性肺结核CT检查可检出多种活动性影像,而疗程结束后上述征象减少并多以单发为主,两者有显著差异（P＜0.01）.结论 CT检查有助于活动性肺结核治疗疗效的判定,并具有较高的敏感度,但特异度较低.     

下腔静脉滤器在治疗下肢深静脉血栓中的应用

目的：探讨下腔静脉滤器在治疗下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)中的应用价值。方法：选择10例DVT患，使用进口铁质滤器，经股静脉或颈静脉途径置人下腔静脉，随访8—20个月。结果：10例患中无一例发生肺动脉栓塞和其他严重并发症。结论：下腔静脉滤器置人方法简单，安全；可有效防止肺动脉栓塞的发生。     

肺动脉栓塞32例的临床特征及诊断思路

目的　提高肺动脉栓塞的诊断意识和诊断技术。方法　回顾性分析 32例肺动脉栓塞患者的基础疾病、诱因、临床表现和辅助检查以及诊疗及预后情况。结果　 32例肺动脉栓塞中下肢深静脉血栓形成是主要病因 ,病死率 34 .4 % ;误诊率 75% ;误诊与肺动脉栓塞的临床表现特异性不高。结论　医生的诊断意识不强和诊断水平不高有关 ,提高对肺动脉栓塞的诊断意识和诊断水平是减少误诊的关键     

叶内型肺隔离症致咯血的栓塞治疗

目的探讨叶内型肺隔离症患者咯血的栓塞治疗效果。方法结合文献复习，回顾性分析6例叶内型肺隔离症患者血管造影表现，并对畸形动脉行栓塞治疗。结果6例叶内型肺隔离症患者血管造影显示畸形动脉7支，表现为粗大、迂曲的体循环血管影；在毛细血管期可见隔离肺叶染色及引流静脉早显；静脉期显示引流静脉（肺静脉）。6例患者均进行畸形血管栓塞治疗，临床止血总有效率100％，随访1a均未复发。结论畸形血管栓塞术对叶内型肺隔离症致咯血的治疗，安全有效。     

Bronchial response to breathing dry gas at 3.7 MPa ambient pressure

In diving, pulmonary mechanical function is limited by the increased density of the gas breathed. Breathing cold and dry gas may cause an additional increase in airways resistance. We have measured forced vital capacity, forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV₁) and forced midexpiratory flow rate (FEF_25%–75%) before and after breathing dry or humid gas at 29–32°C during a standardized exercise intensity on a cycle ergometer at an ambient pressure of 3.7 MPa. The atmosphere was a helium and oxygen mixture with a density of 6.8 kg · m^–3. Six professional saturation divers aged 26–37 years participated in the study. There were no significant differences in convective respiratory heat loss between the exposures. The mean evaporative heat loss was 67 W (range 59–89) breathing dry gas and 37 W (range 32–43) breathing humid gas, corresponding to water losses of 1.7 g · min^–1 (range 1.5–2.2) and 0.9 g · min^–1 (range 0.8–1.1), respectively. There was a significant reduction in FEV₁ of 4.6 (SD 3.6)% (P<0.05), and in FEF_25%–75% of 5.8 (SD 4.7)% (P<0.05) after breathing dry gas. There were no changes after breathing humid gas. By warming and humidifying the gas breathed in deep saturation diving bronchoconstriction may be prevented.