加强爱婴医院文化建设 促进母乳喂养

爱婴医院的文化氛围与爱婴医院的建立和发展密切相关。为搞好爱婴医院文化建设与管理,促进母乳喂养,本文对近几年发展起来的爱婴医院文化的构成、功能、特征和今后发展的标准进行了讨论。     

Public health medicine and drinking water in Scotland

The prevention of the spread of disease by drinking water relies on a tripartate arrangement among the supplier, the regulator and their medical advisers. This paper describes the role of Public Health Medicine in Scotland in preventing a ‘significant risk to health’ from potable water. The legislative framework is highlighted. The rationale of water monitoring is examined and the role of Consultant in Public Health Medicine. The concept of Significant Medical Risk Values is introduced and their derivation, uses, and levels presented.     

A comparison of nutritional intake, functional status and muscle strength between elderly day hospital and day centre attenders in South London

Two sample groups of elderly were compared from a population living in South London. One group attended a local day centre (a socially orientated establishment), and the other attended a local day hospital (a therapeutically orientated establishment).
The aim of the study was to compare nutritional intake, functional status and muscle strength between these two groups.
The mean nutritional intakes of the day hospital and day centre attenders were similar. Intake of macronutrients, with the exception of fibre, met Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) in both groups. In take of folic acid, vitamin D and zinc fell below recommendations in both groups.
Low intake of folic acid was improved by supplementation, and some individual blood levels of folate reflected this. Blood folate levels were generally within normal limits. Low intake of vitamin D was improved by supplementation, but blood levels were generally normal anyway. There was, however, a tendency for the more dependent day hospital patients to have lower vitamin D levels. This group also had less sunshine exposure.
Communal dining, whether in the setting of day hospital or day centre, may have been an essential means of bolstering nutritional intake for many 'at risk' elderly.
There were significant differences in functional status and muscle strength in favour of the day centre group and these indicate that anthropometric indices rather than nutritional or biochemical indices were the most reliable markers of disease and disability in this study.
The effect of fortifying local meals-on-wheels was also highlighted, and suggests that this may be one means of preventing nutritional deficiencies in the vulnerable, house-bound elderly.
Alcohol intake was reported as being modest. However, discrepancies were noted on review of biochemical indices known to be influenced by alcohol intake.     

Psychiatric nurses' satisfaction: the effects of closure of a hospital

A survey by questionnaire was carried out to examine the level of nursing staff satisfaction with the acute psychiatric services. Comparisons were made between views of older psychiatric hospitals and newer district general hospital units, and before and after the closure of Friern Barnet Hospital, London, England when the service was reorganized to include fewer beds. The importance of nurses having their say is emphasized, and areas in which improvements can be made are suggested.     

试论新世纪初期医院综合院力评价

作者阐述了医院综合院力的内涵与提出背景，提出了新世纪初期综合院力的评价内容体系，即一级评价内容7项，二级评价内容39项，三级评价内容15l项，并就各指标评价内容进行了讨论分析。     

论模块化医院船

随着模块化技术的形成和集装箱运输的发展，国外在医院船的建造中模块化技术得到应用，并发挥了快捷经济的效果，船用医疗模块系统装备（医疗集装箱组）加载在集装箱运输船上，即组建模块化医院船，是战时征用民船转换为医院船的理想途径，具有极大的军事，经济效益。     

大型医院病案信息化的管理与实践

病案作为医学临床信息的重要载体，只有将其进行海量存储、快速查阅、远程传输，使之活跃起来，才能真正地满足医疗、教学、科研和管理的需要。将传统的纸质病案进行扫描后保存为光盘，并存入光盘镜像服务器中，实现了网上实时访问、检索、查询、浏览和传输功能，并可以利用病案管理软件进行相应的统计和分析。为医疗信息资源进一步开发和利用，探索了一条大型医院病案信息化管理的有效途径。     

医院设备维修管理

文章根据设备的磨损和故障规律，分析了如何对设备进行定期检查和保养，对故障设备进行维修的方法以及建立维修登记制度的必要性，并提出使全体员工都参加到设备管理之中，对设备的整个使用寿命周期进行一生维护的观点。     

结防机构与医疗机构合作提高肺结核患者发现率

目的了解目前医疗机构与结防机构间合作提高肺结核患者发现方法的实施效果及存在问题。方法采用回顾性调查方法,调查各县区结防门诊根据转诊登记资料、追踪登记表和日常对医疗机构的督导记录;搜集综合医疗机构结核患者发现、报告以及转诊情况数据,搜集医疗机构发现患者到结防机构后诊断复核情况。结果①城市和农村地区医疗机构发现肺结核患者的报告和转诊情况有差异,报告情况城市好于农村,转诊情况农村好于城市;②医疗机构发现肺结核患者的查痰率低仅为13.3%;③结防机构对医疗机构发现未到结防机构就诊肺结核患者的追踪率为94.1%,不同追踪方式追踪到位情况有差异,结防机构医生追踪到位情况最好,到位率为74.2%。追踪未到位原因主要是报告卡姓名或地址等信息有误和患者住院治疗;④实施医疗机构与结防机构间合作措施后,被调查地区结防机构的就诊人数和发现的活动性肺结核患者数均较去年同期增加。结论医疗机构与结防机构间合作实施结核病控制,可提高肺结核病患者发现数量和治疗管理质量。     

医院向导系统的设计与实现

文中讨论了医院向导系统的设计与实现技术。该系统能够实现搜索现有科室的信息及求解院内任意两场所间的最短路径,结果以文字和示意图形式显示在屏幕上。系统设计采用了迪杰斯特拉算法和图形函数,以便用户更容易理解。