新职工心理压力与岗前培训反馈调查

目的:探讨新员工的心理压力情况和岗前培训内容需求之间的关系,并结合当前的培训反馈分析,从员工的心理健康角度出发,完善培训内容。方法:应用自编调查问卷,包括参训员工基本情况调查表、新职工心理现状调查问卷、新职工岗前培训反馈问卷对来自于新疆气象部门60名新职工进行测试。结果:66.67%的员工表示出对即将参加的工作感觉到有压力。男性员工压力水平显著高于女性员工(F=16.22,P0.05),民族、学历和籍贯对员工的压力水平评估均没有显著影响。来自于新工作、能力以及新环境的压力对员工的影响较大,分别有66.67%,61.67%和73.33%的员工对情绪、压力以及人际关系的心理话题较为感兴趣。培训内容的需求程度和有用程度对培训满意度有预测作用,即满意程度=(0.29)需求程度+(0.50)有用程度+1.84。员工压力水平和心理素质培训和专业素质方面的需求程度之间存在显著性相关(r=0.510,0.567;P0.05)。结论:新员工在上岗前存在一定的心理压力,尤其是男性员工。压力源主要来自于新环境、新工作和自身的能力方面。员工对岗前培训的满意度主要体现在其自身需求程度和有用程度上,而且尤为看重心理素质、行业要求和专业素质培训。后期岗前培训需要加入以情绪、压力和人际关系为主题的、更为深入的心理素质内容以缓解员工的压力水平,满足员工的培训需求。     

Traumatic growth and psychological resilience status of female victims of violence inpatients in a district psychiatric hospital

The aim of this study was to examine the traumatic mental growth and psychological resilience status of females who were receiving inpatient treatment at a district mental health hospital and had a history of being subjected to violence. One hundred-twenty female patients with a history of exposure to violence participated in the study. An introductory information form, the Traumatic Growth Inventory (TGI) and the Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults (PRSA) were used for data collection. This study found that all the participants were subjected to emotional violence, 65.8% to physical violence, 30.8% to sexual violence, and 94.2% to verbal violence at some point in their lives. Their TGI mean score (60.96?±?11.91) was above average, while their PRSA mean score (97.90?±?9.18) was below average. The participants' mean scores on the TGI and PRSA did not vary significantly by the type of violence (p?>?0.05) to which the women were exposed. Moreover, no statistically significant relationship was found between the TGI and the PRSA total scale and subscale mean scores (p?>?0.05). This study found that the posttraumatic growth of females who had a history of physical or emotional or sexual abuse was positive, and that their psychological resilience levels were inadequate.     

Self-guided interventions for managing psychological distress in people with cancer – A systematic review

ObjectivePeople with cancer can experience psychological distress but do not always desire, or engage with, professional support to assist with managing distress. Interventions that are self-directed or guided by patients may hold promise as they allow patients to engage with interventions as they need. The objective of this review is to describe and appraise the evidence for effectiveness of self-guided interventions that aim to manage psychological distress in people with cancer.MethodsA systematic search of Medline, PsychInfo and CINAHL identified 15 relevant papers, reporting on 14 studies.ResultsOf the interventions, three studies comprised hard-copy workbooks, six studies used resource packs, four were online resources and one was a brief multimedia resource. One study was adequately powered and demonstrated a positive effect. Almost all interventions required some level of facilitation. Distressed participants may benefit more from interventions.ConclusionSelf-guided interventions represent a potentially efficient way of delivering support for people affected by cancer, however evidence supporting them is lacking.Practice implicationsThere is a need to generate evidence to understand the impact of self-guided interventions for: i) the ideal delivery point in the disease trajectory, ii) patient groups, iii) intervention content and iv) type and mode of delivery.     

Socioeconomic impact of children's burns—A pilot study

ObjectiveThis pilot study aimed to gain empirical data on the social and economic impacts of child burns on children and parents, in the context of the outpatient setting.MethodA questionnaire was completed by 52 parents of paediatric patients attending the burns outpatient department at Queen Victoria Hospital (QVH), East Grinstead, for at least the third time. Children's medical notes were used to extract demographic and medical data. Quantitative data was analyzed statistically and qualitative data was analyzed manually using content analysis.ResultsThe financial burden related to the injury posed the greatest impact on parents, and was mainly associated with making the journey to the hospital, with lower income households being most affected. Self-employed parents and those who had to attend more than 6 hospital appointments also ran into difficulties. On the whole, there was not a considerable social impact on the burn-injured child, which may reflect the minor nature of burns in this study (mean depth partial thickness, median TBSA 1.0%).ConclusionParents were shown to perceive a greater impact from their child's burn injury than their child. Certain groups of parents were identified as requiring additional support following the burn injury.     

皮格马利翁效应在围手术期肺癌患者呼吸功能锻炼中的应用

目的探讨应用皮格马利翁效应对围手术期肺癌患者呼吸功能锻炼的影响。方法将96例围手术期肺癌患者按照入科时间先后顺序,随机选为观察组48例,对照组48例。对照组给予常规呼吸功能锻炼指导。观察组在入科时就应用皮格马利翁效应实施呼吸功能锻炼指导。观察两组住院期间平均每次锻炼时间、每天锻炼次数及术后5 d内咳嗽排痰的主动性。结果观察组每次锻炼平均时间较对照组长、每天锻炼次数较对照组多(P0.05)。观察组术后咳嗽排痰也较对照组积极、主动。结论应用皮格马利翁效应能提高患者呼吸功能锻炼的依从性,最大效能地发挥患者主观能动性。     

Psychological distress and infertility: forty years of research

A critical review is provided of the literature of psychosomatic infertility, including research on the relation of psychological distress and infertility, interventional studies in which efforts to treat underlying psychopathology are related to success or failure in conceiving, and proposed neurophysiological mechanisms that relate psychological status and fertility. Directions for future research to address the issue of psychological distress and infertilty are also outlined.     

The Natural Course of Serum D-Dimer,C-Reactive Protein,and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Levels After Uneventful Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the baseline levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and monitor the natural course of these serum markers after uneventful primary total joint arthroplasty.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 81 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty. The level of serum D-dimer, CRP, and ESR was measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 15, and 45. Mean peak values, peak times, and distribution were compared between D-Dimer, CRP, and ESR.ResultsThe mean preoperative serum D-dimer, CRP, and ESR level was 412 ± 260 (range 200-980) ng/mL, 2.93 ± 2.1 (range 1-18) mg/L, and 22.88 ± 17.5 (range 3-102) mm/h, respectively. The highest mean peak for D-dimer, CRP, and ESR was at postoperative day 1, 3, and 5, respectively.ConclusionD-dimer levels reached peak levels on postoperative day 1 and then declined rapidly to a plateau level by postoperative day 3. A second, albeit small, peak in the level of D-dimer occurred on postoperative day 15. The level of CRP and ESR remained elevated for much longer with CRP returning to baseline on postoperative day 45 and the level of ESR had not returned back to normal on postoperative day 45.     

Resilience Among Professional Health Workers in Emergency Services

IntroductionAlthough it seems logical that working in an emergency service implies having a great capacity to face extreme situations, resilience in health care workers has been shown to be related not only to individual personality characteristics but also with external factors. The objective of this study was to understand the resilience of health professionals working in hospital and in-hospital emergency services and to determine the relationships of resilience with sociodemographic and work-related conditions.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included emergency physicians, nurses, and nursing assistants. Sociodemographic variables, work characteristics, and the Resilience Scale–25 were analyzed. Data were not missing at random and models with imputed data were tested.ResultsA total of 321 professionals participated. Their mean age was 43.36 years (SD 8.73), and 81.31% were women. The mean resilience score was 133.38 (SD 17.11), which corresponds to moderately low to moderate levels. Being single (B = −7.35; P < .01) or divorced (B = −8.26; P = .04) were associated with decreased resilience in the raw score of the Resilience Scale-25. Working shifts that do not include night shift (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.04, 3.90, P = .04) and being a nurse (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.07, 4.18; P = .03) were associated with higher odds of belonging to categories of lower resilience levels. However, more professional work experience was related to lower odds of belonging to categories of lower resilience levels (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99, P < .04). Several variables, including marital status, demonstrated inconsistent associations across different modeling methods.ConclusionsResilience in professional health workers was related to personal and working conditions. The scores of emergency staff were low and improvement with specific strategies is needed.