分泌性中耳炎的无创治疗

分泌性中耳炎（secretory otitis media,SOM）是耳鼻咽喉头颈外科多发病之一,临床上以不伴有急性中耳炎症状和体征的中耳积液及听力减退为主要特征的中耳非化脓性炎症性疾病。对于SOM的治疗多年来一直是临床、基础研究探讨的课题。我科近两年来对确诊为SOM患者,利用纤维鼻咽镜及其图像分析系统,动态观察咽鼓管咽口的开闭情况,并在镜下经纤维镜活检口于咽鼓管咽口处注药、吹张,同时辅以耳正压治疗,外耳道内微波照射等无创治疗,取得较好疗效,报道如下。     

Atención a menores con progenitores en conflicto en materia de información y consentimiento relativos a la salud de los hijos. Protocolo asistencial en el contexto de la legislación vigente

Among the main social and legislative changes as regards family matters that have taken place in Spain in the last few years, are included: (i) the gradual increase in legal disputes between parents, and (ii) the introduction of Law 26/2015 on Child Protection, which modified Law 41/2002 on the Freedom of the Patient. These searched for a balance between the rights of minors and the powers of the parents, particularly when the former had not reached 16 years or had sufficient maturity or, having reached it, the decision puts their life or health at severe risk. Likewise, it has led to a jurisprudence that determines that, for any minor, there are particularly sensitive, “special” or “important” health care actions, such as psychotherapy or surgical treatments, which require, with exceptions, the consent of both parents for it to be carried out. All this, however, subject to the discretion of the doctor responsible, who must always look after the best interests of the minor. For this reason, healthcare for minors, occasionally, lead to complex conflicts as regards information and consent by the parents, particularly when they do not agree. A review is presented on the current legislative framework and the main legal concepts that regulate the healthcare of minors as regards information and consent relative to health, as well a healthcare protocol for the care of minors in situations of conflict between parents, developed in the Gregorio Marañón Hospital of Madrid, and endorsed by the Official Medical Collegiate of Madrid.     

What stops us from following sedation recommendations in intensive care units? A multicentric qualitative study

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to explore health care professionals' (HCPs) perceptions regarding sedation recommendations.

Materials and Methods

This is a qualitative study, using face-to-face semistructured interviews. Health care professionals from 4 Belgian hospitals were purposively sampled. We focused on recommendations involving strategies such as protocolized sedation, sedation scales, daily sedation interruption (DSI), and providing analgesia before sedation. Knowledge, perceived barriers, expected outcomes, and responsibilities were discussed for each recommendation. Two researchers independently performed content analysis, classifying quotes according to an interdisciplinary framework and creating new categories for emerging themes.

Results

Data saturation was reached after 21 HCPs (physicians, nurses, and physiotherapists) were interviewed. Quotes were related to HCPs, guidelines or the system. Barriers were diverse according to the type of HCP or level of experience. Task characteristics impairing implementation of protocolized sedation included lack of means communicating goals or tasks to all HCPs providing care, ambiguous responsibilities, and unclear methodology on how to execute the recommendation. Fear of adverse events and lack of clarity regarding contraindications impair implementation of DSI.

Conclusion

Barriers impairing implementation of sedation recommendations vary according to the type of HCP and the choice of strategy targeting light sedation (protocolized sedation vs DSI). Improvement strategies must target HCPs separately and tailored to specific recommendation choices.     

Cuidados basados en terapias conductuales aplicados al paciente con incontinencia urinaria

Urinary Incontinence is a highly prevalent and important health problem in hospitalized elderly people. The increase in the elderly population in Spain requires the care and techniques that apply to geriatric, dependent and chronic patients to be updated. Evidence-based health care procedures assist professionals in decision-making and reduce variability in clinical practice. This article describes the care procedure for patients with urinary incontinence in the Guadarrama Hospital based on the use of behavioural therapies     

介入神经放射学的技术规范化问题

作者列举了介入神经放射学这一新兴学科取得的成绩，提出应在积累了丰富经验的基础上，确定专业人员培训制度及操作技术规范。对神经系统疾病的血管内治疗的适应证、不同疾病导管及栓塞材料的选择规范以及基础操作的规范提出了看法。     

紫杉醇联合曲妥珠单抗对人乳腺癌SKBR-3细胞移植裸鼠的治疗作用

目的:观察紫杉醇联合曲妥珠单抗对人乳腺癌SKBR-3细胞移植裸鼠的治疗效果以及对瘤组织局部凋亡诱导因子程序性细胞死亡蛋白5(PDCD5)与凋亡抑制因子X-连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)表达的影响。方法:用高表达Her-2的人乳腺癌SKBR-3细胞制备裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,成瘤后,将荷瘤小鼠随机分组分别给予紫杉醇联合曲妥珠单抗(联合治疗组)、紫杉醇单药(紫杉醇组)、曲妥珠单抗单药(曲妥珠单抗组)、生理盐水(对照组)治疗。每周用药1次,6次后处死小鼠,取移植瘤称重后,分别用qPCR与Western bolt检测瘤组织PDCD5和XIAP基因与表达。结果:与对照组比较,各治疗组移植瘤质量均明显减小,瘤组织PDCD5mRNA与蛋白表达量均明显升高,XIAPmRNA与蛋白表达量均明显降低,且联合治疗组以上变化较2个单药组更为明显(均P0.05)。单药组间比较,紫杉醇组降低XIAPmRNA与蛋白表达的作用强于曲妥珠单抗单组(均P0.05),其他指标无统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:紫杉醇联合曲妥珠单抗化疗能有效抑制Her-2阳性乳腺癌移植瘤在裸鼠体内的生长,其作用可能与促进肿瘤PDCD5表达、同时降低XIAP表达有关。     

双靶区序贯调强放疗联合介入治疗巨块型肝癌的临床研究

目的:探讨双靶区序贯调强放疗联合介入治疗巨块型肝癌的疗效。方法:选择2008年1月—2015年1月符合研究要求的巨块型肝癌共81例,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组40例选用2次介入+双靶区序贯调强放疗(30~40 Gy/15~20 F)、对照组41例行2次介入+超分割交替调强放疗(30~40 Gy/15~20 F),比较两组患者的疗效和不良反应。结果:术后两组AFP水平均较术前明显降低;观察组与对照组总有效率为86.8%与79.5%;观察组与对照组中位生存期分别为10.3、9.7个月,6个月与1、2、3年生存率分别为63.2%和59.0%,50.0%和48.7%、21.1%和17.9%、5.3%和2.6%,以上指标两组间差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组1~2度骨髓抑制发生率低于对照组(P0.05),但其他不良反应发生率两组间差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:双靶区序贯调强放疗与超分割交替调强放疗联合介入治疗巨块型肝癌均有较好的临床疗效,且不良反应能耐受,两种方法均为巨块型肝癌的有效的治疗方式。     

‘Current trends in lower limb Doppler scanning in Ireland’

IntroductionThe clinical need to diagnose and treat above knee deep vein thrombosis (AKDVT) has long been established in literature and in practice. On the other hand, the need to diagnose and treat below knee deep vein thrombosis (BKDVT) continues to be debated in literature. This has resulted in variation in clinical guidelines and protocols nationwide. This research aims to establish if there is a standard practice in Irish ultrasound departments and if so, what that practice is and where sonographers are getting information to inform this.MethodsA questionnaire was designed using SurveyMonkey and distributed using online platforms. The questionnaire aimed to establish the experience of the sonographer, the types of exams performed, protocols/guidelines used as well as scenarios where the sonographer might deviate from protocol.ResultsThe study yielded 90 responses. The research found 49% of sites perform whole leg ultrasound routinely and 46% perform proximal ultrasound only. 41% of respondents said their protocols were based on clinical guidelines however, 22% of participants didn't know what these guidelines were. 49% of respondents were unaware of what treatment a patient would receive in cases where there is a high clinical suspicion of DVT, but the ultrasound is negative for DVT.ConclusionThe research has established a lack of consistency amongst sonographers and scanning practices with a fairly even split (49% of respondents perform whole leg ultrasound and 46% perform proximal only). Not only has the research identified a lack of standardised scanning approach nationwide, but inconsistencies are also seen in the guidelines that inform our department's protocols as well as inconspicuous terms used in radiology reporting and jargon in literature in relation to DVT.Implications for practice1. An inconsistency in practice has been established. Discussions are now needed to decide what guidelines should be implemented into Irish Ultrasound DVT protocols. 2. A national protocol for BKDVT would result in all patients in Ireland having access to the same standard of care. 3. Call for consensus on appropriate training for sonographers undertaking LLDs.