梅尼埃病早期临床特征及干预效果分析

目的　分析梅尼埃病（Ménière's disease,MD）患者的临床特征,探讨早期诊断的路径;通过纵向随访评价干预的效果和治疗周期。方法　资料收集于2013年8 月～2014年8月在北京同仁医院耳科门诊入组的65例MD患者,登记标准的病史表格、量表评价和听力学检查,并依据平均纯音听阈分为临床早期组和临床中晚期组。所有入组患者均给予规范的药物治疗和生活方式指导,对满足连续随访3个月及以上的患者再次进行主观症状量表评价与听力变化趋势分析,比较治疗前后临床症状的改善情况和听力水平。结果　①首次发病症状依次为头晕26例,占40%;耳鸣22例,占34%;耳聋17例,占26%;首发症状为耳鸣和耳聋的患者共39例,占60%,从首发症状出现到确诊MD的时间为4.23年。②治疗后眩晕、耳闷堵感评分较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;耳鸣主观症状评分较治疗前下降,但无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。③治疗后听力改善,平均纯音听阈降低6.36 dB HL,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;纯音听阈恢复至正常者有10例,占15%,治愈所需时间平均为（1.65±0.92）个月。结论　MD患者的首发症状表现多样,60%MD患者以耳聋或耳鸣为首发症状。MD患者的主观症状及纯音听阈均可依据规范治疗获得显著改善。     

Patterns of treatment of osteoradionecrosis with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the United Kingdom

We aimed to find out the number of patients with osteoradionecrosis (ORN) being treated by hyperbaric chambers in the UK during 2006-07, and the protocols that were being used. We did a telephone survey of 76 chambers to find out whether they treated patients with ORN, how many patients they treated in 2006-07, what chamber pressure they used, the duration of each session, and the total number of sessions/patient. A total of 25 chambers treated 273 patients with ORN in 2006-07; 10 were listed by the British Hyperbaric Association (BHA) and 15 were at multiple sclerosis (MS) centres. MS centres treated 23 (8%) of patients with ORN with a variable number of sessions of shorter duration and lower pressures than the chambers listed by the BHA. Most BHA chambers treated patients at 2.2 ATA for 90 min/session with 30 preoperative and 10 postoperative sessions/patient.     

患者皮肤温度对便携式化疗泵流速的影响

目的 探讨患者皮肤温度对便携式化疗泵流速影响的护理对策.方法 按入院顺序单双数分为观察组与对照组,两组均使用便携式化疗泵化疗93例次.室温≤30℃时,观察组按常规将便携式化疗泵的延长管远端连接PICC管接口处,同时将流量限速器紧贴患者皮肤;对照组按常规将便携式化疗泵的延长管远端连接PICC管接口处.比较两组患者氟尿嘧啶是否能持续、匀速、定量地在预定时间内完成.结果 观察组每8h,氟尿嘧啶采用便携式化疗泵在预定时间内能持续、匀速、定量完成,效果明显优于对照组(P<0.01).结论 在室温≤30℃,流量限速器紧贴患者皮肤,能保证药液输注速度的精确性.     

伴听力下降的急性鼻及鼻窦炎患者临床诊治的回顾性分析

目的探讨以听力下降为主诉的急性鼻及鼻窦炎患者临床诊治的疗效。方法分析本院门诊确诊治疗的42例急性鼻及鼻窦炎并导致听力下降的患者临床资料。结果经及时综合治疗后,除2例患者听力恢复欠佳外,其余患者耳闷、听力减退等症状均有改善。结论急性鼻及鼻窦炎与听力下降密切相关,治疗时应相互关注,及时治疗,以免影响听力。     

注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠耳后注射治疗突发性聋

目的　探讨以耳后注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠作为突发性聋初始激素治疗的效果。方法　72例突发性聋患者随机分为两组,耳后注射组35例（耳）,给予注射用甲 泼尼龙琥珀酸钠20 mg,耳后乳突骨膜下注射,每3 d给药1次;静脉用药组37例（耳）,给予地塞米松磷酸钠注射液10 mg,静脉滴注,每日1次,3 d后减量至5 mg,继续用药3 d后停药。结果　耳后注射组痊愈16耳,显效6耳,有效4耳,无效9耳,总有效率74.3%;全身用药组痊愈17耳,显效5耳,有效4耳,无效11耳,总有效率70.3%。两组差异无统计学意义。结论　耳后注射皮质类固醇激素治疗突发性聋疗效可靠,可作为突发性聋激素治疗的初始给药方法。     

鼓室内注入类固醇激素治疗伴糖尿病的突发性聋Meta分析

目的　评价鼓室内注射类固醇激素治疗伴糖尿病的突发性聋疗效及安全性。方法　检索Pubmed、Medline、CNKI、CBM、维普、万方数据库,收集符合纳入标准的文献并提取数据,利用RevMan5.3进行Meta分析。结果　共纳入9篇文献,总耳数587耳,其中294耳接受鼓室内类固醇激素治疗,为试验组;另293耳为对照组,包括全身使用类固醇激素217耳及非激素全身治疗76耳。Meta分析结果表明试验组较对照组的临床效果显著（Z =3.65,P＜0.05;Z =3.70,P＜0.05）。试验组较对照组对血糖的影响更小（χ2=7.471,P＜0.05）。鼓室内注药其他并发症主要有可自行愈合的鼓膜穿孔、短暂眩晕等。结论　鼓室内注射类固醇激素治疗伴糖尿病的突发性聋效果显著,且对血糖影响较小、局部并发症轻,在临床实践中可优先考虑。     

耳后注射舒血宁与利多卡因治疗中高频下降型突发性聋

目的　探讨耳后注射舒血宁注射液与盐酸利多卡因注射液对中高频下降型突发性聋的治疗效果。方法　选取48例中高频下降型突发性聋患者,随机分组,对照组24例,给予激素突击、改善微循环及营养神经等常规治疗,实验组24例,在此治疗基础上给予耳后注射舒血宁注射液0.5 ml与盐酸利多卡因注射液0.3 ml,隔日1次,共3次。结果　给药后2周,实验组及对照组总有效率百分比分别为87.5%（21/24）和62.5%（15/24）;实验组气导平均听阈提高（20.74±15.19）dB,对照组提高（12.44±9.12）dB,两组之间差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论　耳后注射舒血宁注射液与盐酸利多卡因注射液辅助治疗中高频下降型突发性聋较常规治疗方法能够获得更好疗效。     

突发性聋的治疗困惑与思考

突发性聋近年来发病呈明显上升趋势,并呈现出发病年轻化的特点,业已引起耳科临床医师关注。突发性聋发病突然,对患者心理和生活质量的影响不可忽视,以临床急症处理的理念也逐渐得到大家的认同。由于国内外医疗体制的差异,国外突发性聋的治疗规范与国内差异较大,实用性不强。而近年来国内突发性聋方面的研究也层出不穷,多家国内大型医院合作的多中心研究也获得可喜研究结果,并制定突发性聋的中国治疗规范     

内分泌和化疗对乳腺肿瘤患者干细胞的影响

BACKGROUND:Tumor stem cells are the root of cancer recurrence and metastasis, so clinical researches should focus on the effects of different treatments on tumor stem cells. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of endocrine therapy and chemotherapy on stem cells in patients with breast cancer. METHODS:After recovery and cultivation of estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, passage 3 cells in logarithmic phase were selected and divided into three groups containing control, estradiol and estradiol with tamoxifen groups. The estradiol group was divided into three subgroups: 10^-7, 10^-8 and 10^-9 mol/L estradiol was added into the medium, respectively; the estradiol with tamoxifen group was divided into three subgroups: 10^-7, 10^-8 and 10^-9 mol/L estradiol with 10^-6 mol/L tamoxifen were added into the medium, respectively. The same amount of absolute ethyl ethanol was added into the medium of control group. Fifteen female patients with late recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer received chemotherapy as recurrence and metastasis group. Another 15 healthy volunteers were selected as healthy control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The proportion of CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets in the estradiol and estradiol with tamoxifen groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the proportion of CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets in the estradiol group was significantly higher than that of the estradiol with tamoxifen group at the same concentration (P < 0.05). The proportion of CD44+CD24-/low cell subsets had no significant differences among groups at 10 and 20 days of culture (P < 0.05). The proportion of CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets significantly increased in MCF-7 cells after 24-hour intervention with different chemotherapy drugs. But only the proportion of CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets in the paclitaxel and doxorubicin groups was significantly higher than that of the control group after 20-day intervention (P < 0.05). Besides, the proportion of CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets in the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers was significantly lower than that of the recurrence and metastasis group (P < 0.05). Among 15 patients with late recurrence and metastatic of breast cancer, 9 had stable disease, 5 had partial remission, 1 had failed chemotherapy and cancer progression. Moreover, the proportion of CD45^-CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets in the peripheral blood of patients sensitive for chemotherapy was significantly lower than that before treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both endocrine therapy and chemotherapy exert a certain effect on the CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets of breast cancer positive for estrogen receptor. Given that CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets in MCF-7 cells resist chemotherapy drugs, the proportion of CD45^-CD44⁺CD24^-/low cells in the peripheral blood of patients sensitive for chemotherapy is decreased.     

耳甲腔软骨在保留骨桥的鼓室乳突切除术中应用

目的　探讨并评价耳甲腔软骨在保留骨桥的鼓室乳突切除术（intact-bridge tympanomastoidectomy,IBM）中治疗慢性中耳乳突炎的临床效果。方法　本文总结分析2013年7月～2016年5月86例慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎,IBM采用耳甲腔软骨封闭上鼓室和鼓窦入口重建上鼓室,对术后效果进行评估。结果　所有病例随访不少于6个月,干耳时间4～6周。移植鼓膜一期愈合79例,重建上鼓室未塌陷。术后纯音测听气骨导间距≤20 dB者45.35%（39/86）,21～30 dB者39.53%（34/86）,≥31 dB者15.12%（13/86）;术后语频区平均气导听阈15～55 dB HL,平均（25.4±6.3）dB HL,语频区平均骨导听阈10～35 dB HL,平均（15.3±9.2）dB HL。结论　IBM采用耳甲腔软骨封闭上鼓室和鼓窦入口,重建相对完整的上鼓室,保证听骨链的活动空间,在根除病灶基础上保存或提高听力,是较佳的优化治疗选择。