自发性脑脊液鼻漏临床治疗

目的　研究自发性脑脊液鼻漏好发部位及治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析2008年5月～2013年11月我科收治的自发性脑脊液鼻漏患者30例临床资料,包括临床表现、好发部位、采取的手术方式以及随访结果。结果　本组30例患者中漏口位于筛顶14例、筛板9例、蝶窦6例、额窦后壁1例。1例患者采用鼻外入路行脑脊液鼻漏手术修补,余患者均采用鼻内入路在鼻内镜下行手术修补,27例患者1次性手术成功,3例患者接受2次手术,一次手术成功率90%,30例患者随访6个月～6年均未复发。结论　准确定位瘘口位置、选择合理的手术方式以及妥善进行术后围手术期处理是手术治疗自发性脑脊液鼻漏成功的关键。     

A survey on awareness and knowledge among dentist practicing regenerative endodontics towards current regenerative endodontic protocols and the scaffolds used in regenerative dentistry

There are many inconsistencies in the protocols followed for Regenerative Endodontic Procedures (REP’s).This study was formulated with an aim to conduct a survey among Pediatric Dentists, Endodontists and General Practioners treating Necrotic young permanent teeth to examine their awareness and Knowledge on Current Regenerative Endodontic Protocols and Scaffolds used in regenerative dentistry.MethodsA Cross-Sectional Survey was carried out amongst 100 Pediatric dentists,100 Endodontists and 100 General Practioners. It was web-based survey and the questionnaire was formulated and all the items in the questionnaire were tested for reliability and validity before circulation of the questionnaire for the purpose of the study.ResultsThe results of the study indicated that all the three groups were unaware that failure of cases should be reported to AEE (American Academy of Endodontics) REP Database and only 20.2, 20.1 and 0.3 % of Pediatric dentists,Endodontists and General Dentists preferred Regenerative Dentistry as a clinical protocol for REP. With respect to knowledge regarding irrigation and disinfection procedures all three groups were lacking in the knowledge regarding intracanal medicament for disinfection and the irrigation solutions.ConclusionThere is a lack of homogeneity in protocols followed for REP among those practicing Regenerative Endodontics as a protocol. Since it’s an evolving science there is a need to bring about a uniformity in practices to increase the evidences to support the causal effect relation of regenerative endodontics.     

Modification of [18F]-FDG PET/CT imaging protocols in obese oncology patients: A nationwide survey

IntroductionThe use of medical imaging for diagnosis, staging and follow-up in Oncology context is incredibly important, being the use of [18F]-FDG PET/CT particularly advantageous in specific contexts like the case of obese patients. However, imaging the latter can be challenging sometimes, since their own body size may affect overall image quality and adds technical difficulties for the operator(s) performing the examination.MethodsThis research project was developed with the aim of analysing the current personal practices of Portuguese Nuclear Medicine Technologists (NMTs) in the adaptation of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT oncological protocols for obese patients and comparing the results with parameters referenced in literature. A non-experimental research study was conducted using a survey delivered online to NMTs through social media platforms (Facebook® and LinkedIn®) and by sending the link directly to contacts within the research team professional and personal networks.ResultsAnswers from a total of 26 participants were obtained, with 88.5% of participants admitting modifying technical protocols in examinations for obese patients. Changes in PET protocols included an increase in the administered activity (60.9%), an increase in scan time per individual bed position (69.6%) and the use of Time-of-Flight (TOF) technology whenever available. Protocol changes in CT included increasing the mA (82.6%), raising the KVp (47.8%), the application of iterative reconstruction (69.6%) and the use of automatic exposure control (AEC) (52.2%). The remaining parameters (pitch, algorithm, slice thickness, display FOV, gantry rotation time and energy acceptance window) were claimed not to be modified by around 90% of professionals.ConclusionPortuguese NMTs tend to change the [18F]-FDG PET/CT protocols for obese patients. However, while some of the parameters appear to be contradictory or redundant, others require further optimisation, especially in the CT component.Implications for practiceEfforts should be made to optimize acquisition protocols used in [18F]-FDG PET/CT scans for obese patients.     

Manejo del ictus agudo. Tratamientos y cuidados específicos de enfermería en la Unidad de Ictus

ObjectiveThis study provides a series of updated, evidence-based recommendations for the management of acute stroke. We aim to lay a foundation for the development of individual centres’ internal protocols, serving as a reference for nursing care.MethodsWe review the available evidence on acute stroke care. The most recent national and international guidelines were consulted. Levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation are based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine classification.ResultsThe study describes prehospital acute stroke care, the operation of the code stroke protocol, care provided by the stroke team upon the patient's arrival at hospital, reperfusion treatments and their limitations, admission to the stroke unit, nursing care in the stroke unit, and discharge from hospital.ConclusionsThese guidelines provide general, evidence-based recommendations to guide professionals who care for patients with acute stroke. However, limited data are available on some aspects, showing the need for continued research on acute stroke management.     

La influencia de la gestión organizativa en el tiempo puerta-aguja del tratamiento fibrinolítico

IntroductionDoor-to-needle time (DNT) has been established as the main indicator in code stroke protocols. According to the 2018 guidelines of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, DNT should be less than 45 minutes; therefore, effective and revised pre-admission and in-hospital protocols are required.MethodWe analysed organisational changes made between 2011 and 2019 and their influence on DNT and the clinical progression of patients treated with fibrinolysis. We collected data from our centre, stored and monitored under the Master Plan for Cerebrovascular Disease of the regional government of Catalonia. Among other measures, we analysed the differences between years and differences derived from the implementation of the Helsinki model.ResultsThe study included 447 patients, and we observed significant differences in DNT between different years. Pre-hospital code stroke activation, recorded in 315 cases (70.5%), reduced DNT by a median of 14 minutes. However, the linear regression model only showed an inversely proportional relationship between the adoption of the Helsinki code stroke model and DNT (beta coefficient, –0.42; P < .001). The removal of vascular neurologists after the adoption of the Helsinki model increased DNT and the 90-day mortality rate.ConclusionDNT is influenced by the organisational model. In our sample, the application of the Helsinki model, the role of the lead vascular neurologist, and notification of code stroke by pre-hospital emergency services are key factors for the reduction of DNT and the clinical improvement of the patient.     

Addressing pediatric surgical health inequities through quality improvement efforts

Concepts of healthcare quality and health equity should be inextricably linked but are often pursued separately. Quality improvement (QI) can serve as a powerful means to eliminate health inequities by adopting an equity-focused lens to diagnose and address baseline disparities among pediatric populations using targeted interventions. QI and pediatric surgery practitioners should integrate concepts of equity at every stage of formulating a QI project including conceptualization, planning, and execution. Early adaptation of an equity conscious perspective using QI methodology can prevent exacerbation of preexisting disparities while improving overall outcomes.     

Self-supporting wound care mobile applications for nurses: A scoping review protocol

AimMobile health (mHealth) is playing an increasingly important role in the computerization of wound care on an international scale with an aim to improve care. The aim of this scoping review protocol is to present a transparent process for how we plan to search and review the existing evidence related to self-supporting mobile wound care applications used by nurses.Materials and methodsThe scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. An exploratory search was performed using MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL (Ebsco), to identify concepts, keywords, MeSH terms, and headings to identify study types looking for mobile applications in wound care. The findings of this search will determine the final search strategy. Data sources will include MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, LiSSa, Cochrane Wounds (Cochrane Library) and Erudit. The titles and abstracts of the identified articles will be screened independently by two authors for relevance. Full texts will also be screened by two independent reviewers and data extraction will be performed in accordance with a pre-designed extraction form. All types of studies and literature linked to self-supporting mobile wound care application used by nurses will be included (quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods and grey literature).ConclusionThe results of the scoping review will give an overview of the existing self-supporting mobile applications in wound care used by nurses. These will also help to identify the existing applications, and describe knowledge in nursing about their utilisation, development, and evaluation, as well as synthesize the available literature on their impacts.