单纯前庭导水管扩大行人工耳蜗植入患儿临床特征回顾性研究

目的　回顾性研究已行人工耳蜗植入的单纯前庭导水管扩大患者临床资料,研究其发病与植入年龄分布情况、手术并发症、发病诱因,为临床前庭导水管扩大诊疗提供依据。方法　回顾性研究2000年1月～2015年4月345例经颞骨CT诊断为单纯前庭导水管扩大并于北京同仁医院行人工耳蜗植入患儿临床资料,包括发病诱因、发病年龄、语前/语后聋情况、植入前听力水平及助听器使用情况、手术并发症,分析不同年龄段的发病特点、人工耳蜗植入情况、病程与佩戴助听器的关系,并对不同发病诱因进行分类总结。结果　单纯前庭导水管扩大患者发病年龄的中位数为1（0,2）岁,植入年龄的中位数为3.75（2.17,12）岁。大部分病例（276/345例）无明显诱因,有明确家族史者27例 （7.9%）,外伤所致听力下降者14例（4.1%）,感冒后诱发者10例（2.9%）,使用耳毒性药物所致者13例（3.8%）,有麻疹病毒感染史2例（0.6%）,1例为早产儿胆红素脑病所致。术中“井喷”发生率21.16%,无其他并发症。随病程延长佩戴助听器者比例增加,且两者之间具有显著相关性。结论  单纯前庭导水管扩大患者的发病年龄1岁左右,植入年龄3～4岁,病程越长术前曾使用助听器比例越高。此类患者大部分为不明原因听力下降,此外尚有部分是外伤、感冒或使用耳毒性药物所致,所以诊断为前庭导水管扩大的患者要积极避免以上诱因。前庭导水管扩大发病后要及时诊治,听力下降即考虑佩戴助听器,助听器不能补偿时需积极行人工耳蜗植入。     

浅谈骨肿瘤诊治中的底线

老实说，我本人专门从事骨肿瘤工作才10年，尚不够写述评的资格，但既然“降大任”于我，我愿结合本期刊出的几篇论文，谈谈自己对骨肿瘤治疗的一些思考。首先介绍一个背景：由于诸多原因，现在我们通常所提及的骨肿瘤专业，不仅是包括累及骨组织的肿瘤，还包括累及四肢、骨盆、甚至脊柱的软组织肿瘤。约定俗成，有些场合下笼统称“骨肿瘤”。     

基于影像学危险因素评价化疗对于减少中高危腹膜后神经母细胞瘤手术并发症的作用研究CSCD

目的基于影像学危险因素(image-defined risk factor,IDRF)概念,探讨化疗对于减少中高危腹膜后神经母细胞瘤手术并发症的作用。方法回顾性分析2016年6月至2017年6月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院行规范化疗后完整切除肿瘤的中高危腹膜后神经母细胞瘤患儿临床及影像学资料。采用国际神经母细胞瘤危险度分级协作组(International Neuroblastoma Risk Group,INRG)标准定义IDRF。记录化疗前及化疗后(手术前)每例患儿的IDRF情况并进行比较。采用Spearman相关系数法分析化疗后(手术前)IDRF数目与并发症项数之间的相关性,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本研究共纳入神经母细胞瘤患儿53例,其中男22例,女31例;起病月龄4~148个月,平均月龄(39.60±28.70)个月。化疗前IDRF数目范围为0~11项(中位数4项),化疗后(手术前)IDRF数目范围0~11项(中位数3项),化疗前后IDRF的数目变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);37例出现并发症,共计74项,各例项数范围0~4项(中位数1项)。各例手术并发症项数与化疗后(手术前)各例IDRF数目存在较强的相关性(r=0.687,P<0.05)。结论化疗能够有效减少中高危腹膜后神经母细胞瘤的IDRF,降低手术风险。IDRF对于手术风险的评估具有重要价值。     

International Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis of Heart Disease

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. Its effects on delivery of diagnostic care for cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, have not been quantified.ObjectivesThe study sought to assess COVID-19’s impact on global cardiovascular diagnostic procedural volumes and safety practices.MethodsThe International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations in cardiovascular procedure volumes and safety practices resulting from COVID-19. Noninvasive and invasive cardiac testing volumes were obtained from participating sites for March and April 2020 and compared with those from March 2019. Availability of personal protective equipment and pandemic-related testing practice changes were ascertained.ResultsSurveys were submitted from 909 inpatient and outpatient centers performing cardiac diagnostic procedures, in 108 countries. Procedure volumes decreased 42% from March 2019 to March 2020, and 64% from March 2019 to April 2020. Transthoracic echocardiography decreased by 59%, transesophageal echocardiography 76%, and stress tests 78%, which varied between stress modalities. Coronary angiography (invasive or computed tomography) decreased 55% (p < 0.001 for each procedure). In multivariable regression, significantly greater reduction in procedures occurred for centers in countries with lower gross domestic product. Location in a low-income and lower–middle-income country was associated with an additional 22% reduction in cardiac procedures and less availability of personal protective equipment and telehealth.ConclusionsCOVID-19 was associated with a significant and abrupt reduction in cardiovascular diagnostic testing across the globe, especially affecting the world’s economically challenged. Further study of cardiovascular outcomes and COVID-19–related changes in care delivery is warranted.     

直肠癌患者术后化疗联合CIK免疫治疗的临床疗效

目的:探讨直肠癌患者术后行化疗联合细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞(CIK)治疗的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年6月—2013年5月45例术后行FOLFOX4方案化疗联合CIK治疗的直肠癌患者(CIK+化疗组)临床资料,以同期术后仅接受相同方案的45例直肠癌患者(单纯化疗组)为对照,比较两组患者的生存质量、近期疗效、生存率以及不良反应,并分析直肠癌患者预后的影响因素。结果:与单纯化疗组比较,CIK+化疗组患者的生存质量改善率明显升高(82.2%vs.33.3%,P0.05);总有效率无统计学差异(31.1%vs.22.2%,P0.05),但疾病控制率明显增加(77.8%vs.51.1%,P0.05);1、2年总生存率无统计学差异(100.0%vs.97.8%;93.3%vs.80%,均P0.05),但1、2年无进展生存率明显升高(86.7%vs.62.2%;62.2%vs.40%,均P0.05);总不良反应发生率无统计学差异(46.7%vs.53.3%,P0.05)。单因素分析显示,直肠癌术后患者的预后与肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移、病理分期及手术方式有关(均P0.05);多因素分析显示,肿瘤的分化程度和病理分期是影响直肠癌患者术后生存的独立因素(均P0.05)。结论:直肠癌患者术后行化疗联合CIK免疫治疗可明显改善生活质量,提高总体疗效,延长无进展生存时间;肿瘤的分化程度和病理分期是影响直肠癌患者术后生存的独立因素。     

严重胰腺外伤的早期处理

目的:探讨严重胰腺外伤的早期处理方法。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月—2015年4月收治的24例胰腺外伤的患者的临床资料。结果:全组24例患者中,I级损伤5例及II级损伤6例均行胰腺坏死组织清除加局部引流术;III级损伤6例均行胰腺体尾部切除术;IV级损伤7例,2例行胰十二指肠切除术,4例行胰腺空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,1例行局部的清创引流术。全组治愈23例(95.8%),死亡1例(感染性休克),有并发症者15例(62.5%,24例次),其中胰瘘9例,创伤性胰腺炎3例,胰腺假性囊肿2例,感染2例,胆瘘1例,失血性休克1例。结论:应根据损伤程度不断调整治疗方案,选择合理的手术方式和手术时机,胰周的通畅引流和灌洗是严重胰腺外伤治疗成功保证。     

YouTube is a poor-quality source for patient information on the rehabilitation following total shoulder arthroplasty

BackgroundDespite the ubiquity of health information on YouTube, the quality of the information as it pertains to total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) rehabilitation is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of information available on YouTube as it pertains to rehabilitation following TSA, including anatomic and reverse TSA.MethodsUtilizing predefined search terms, 480 videos regarding rehabilitation following TSA were screened for study inclusion. A total of 143 videos were included in the final analysis. Of these, 99 (69.2%) videos were on rehabilitation of anatomical TSA and 44 (30.8%) videos reported on rehabilitation after reverse TSA. Each video was reviewed using 3 scoring systems: (1) Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, (2) Global Quality Score (GQS), and (3) DISCERN instrument.ResultsYouTube videos regarding TSA are of suboptimal educational quality with a mean JAMA score of 2.5 ± 0.7, mean GQS of 2.7 ± 0.9, and mean DISCERN score of 33.2 ± 5.5 overall. Upon evaluation of video metrics based on classification it was found that educational nonphysician videos had significantly more likes than all other categories (P = .01). Educational physician videos were found to be significantly longer than all other categories (educational physician: 10.0 ± 14.8 minutes, educational nonphysician: 6.2 ± 3.2 minutes, personal testimony: 3.5 ± 2.6 minutes, commercial: 5.8 ± 5.4 minutes; P < .01) and had significantly higher JAMA (P < .01), GQS (P < .01), and DISCERN (P < .01).ConclusionYouTube videos are a poor source of educational information for patients regarding TSA rehabilitation. Educational videos prepared by nonphysicians accrued more likes than other video categories. Although educational videos by physicians provided statistically higher quality educational content as noted by JAMA, GQS, and DISCREN scores, the average scores across all author categories were classified as low (JAMA), moderate to poor (GQS), or poor (DISCERN) quality educational content. Additionally, our findings suggest that physician educational videos that are shorter in duration are more likely to be well received and watched to completion by viewers compared to longer videos. Patients should be provided trusted resources to learn more about TSAs.     

Efficacy of Chinese auriculotherapy for stress in nursing staff: a randomized clinical trial

Objective

this randomized single blind clinical study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of auriculotherapy with and without a protocol for reducing stress levels among nursing staff.

Method

a total of 175 nursing professionals with medium and high scores according to Vasconcelos'' Stress Symptoms List were divided into 3 groups: Control (58), Group with protocol (58), Group with no protocol (59). They were assessed at the baseline, after 12 sessions, and at the follow-up (30 days).

Results

in the analysis of variance, statistically significant differences between the Control and Intervention groups were found in the two evaluations (p<0.05) with greater size of effect indices (Cohen) for the No protocol group. The Yang Liver 1 and 2, Kidney, Brain Stem and Shen Men were the points most used.

Conclusion

individualized auriculotherapy, with no protocol, could expand the scope of the technique for stress reduction compared with auriculotherapy with a protocol. NCT: 01420835     

2013临床试验方案规范指南（SPIRIT）及其解读

SPIRIT（Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials）声明于2013年在《Annals of Internal Medicine》上发表。该声明以清单条目的形式,并配套同年发表的《SPIRIT 2013解读和说明》,旨在促进高质量临床试验方案的形成。本文对SPIRIT的各项条目进行解读,并提出重点注意事项,为临床试验方案的形成及整个临床试验的顺利进行提供依据。     

儿童脊柱侧凸矫正手术中神经电生理监测方案的选择及技术难点

儿童脊柱侧凸类型多样,症状轻重不一。手术矫正的目的是纠正脊柱冠状面及矢状面畸形,阻止畸形进展,改善外观和功能。医源性脊髓损伤一直是脊柱相关手术中最严重的并发症。术中神经电生理监测技术的应用,明显降低了脊柱手术后神经系统并发症的发生率。目前国内外公认在脊柱侧凸矫正过程中,只要涉及脊髓水平,不论成人或儿童,都需要进行神经电生理监测。术中神经电生理监测(intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring,IONM)是利用各种神经电生理技术,监测手术中处于危险状态的神经系统的功能完整情况。目前脊柱手术中主要应用以下几种方法:躯体感觉诱发电位(somatosensory evoked potentials,SSEPs)、运动诱发电位(motor evoked potentials,MEPs)、肌电图(electromyogram,EMG),EMG包括自由肌电图(free electromyogram,fEMG)和刺激肌电图(triggered EMG,tEMG)。本文介绍儿童脊柱侧凸的常见类型及矫正方法,同时对术中神经监测在小儿脊柱手术中的应用进行阐述。