基于转录组学膀胱癌临床预后模型的构建

目的：筛选膀胱癌预后相关基因，建立膀胱癌预后评分模型。方法：通过UCSC Xena平台下载癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库、基因型和基因表达量关联数据库（GTEx）中406例膀胱癌患者的临床信息和膀胱癌组织RNA测序数据，以及28名健康对照者正常膀胱组织RNA测序数据。采用加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）、单因素Cox回归分析、LASSO回归分析和多因素Cox回归分析筛选膀胱癌预后相关基因并建立预后模型，结合Kaplan-Meier生存曲线、受试者操作特征曲线（ROC曲线）验证模型的准确性。结果：分析得到膀胱癌相关差异表达基因共2308个。WGCNA拟合得到6个基因模块，筛选出对膀胱癌预后有显著作用的基因829个。运用单因素Cox回归与LASSO回归分析筛选出24个与膀胱癌患者预后相关的基因，多因素Cox回归分析训练集数据得到9个作为独立预测因子的基因，分别是 ADCY9、 MAFG_DT、 EMP1、 CAST、 PCOLCE2、 LTBP1、 CSPG4、 NXPH4、 SLC1A6，以此建立膀胱癌患者预后预测模型。训练集中高风险组和低风险组3年存活率分别为31.814%和59.821%，测试集中高风险组和低风险组3年存活率分别为32.745%和68.932%，模型预测训练集和测试集患者预后的ROC曲线下面积均在0.7以上。 结论：本研究建立的模型对膀胱癌高风险和低风险人群的生存情况具有较好的预测能力。     

资源需求型智慧教育模式在康复评定学教学中的应用

在信息技术不断变革创新的时代,智慧教育模式在逐渐取代传统的教学模式,学习者"学习方式"正在发生深刻的变革,对学习资源的需求也在改变,人们需要学习资源多样化、微型化、切需化,以适应新的学习文化和学习方式.在我校康复评定学课程教学中,我们引入智慧教育模式,开展康复评定学课程"资源需求型"研究,以期探索符合当前信息时代的高等...     

Deterministic and Probabilistic Dietary Exposure Assessment to Deoxynivalenol in Spain and the Catalonia Region

Deoxynivalenol (DON) remains one of the most concerning mycotoxins produced by the Fusarium genus due to the wide occurrence in highly consumed cereal-based food and its associated toxicological effects. Previous studies conducted in Spain and other European countries suggested that some vulnerable groups such as children could be exceeding the tolerable daily intakes. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive and updated dietary exposure assessment study in Spain, with a specific analysis in the region of Catalonia. Cereal-based food samples collected during 2019 were analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for multi-mycotoxin detection including DON and its main metabolites and derivatives. Consumption data were gathered from the nation-wide food surveys ENALIA and ENALIA2 conducted in Spain, and a specific survey conducted in Catalonia. The data were combined using deterministic and semi-parametric probabilistic methods. The results showed that DON was widely present in cereal-based food highly consumed in Spain and the Catalonia region. Exposure to DON among the adult population was globally low; however, among infants aged 3–9 years, it resulted in the median of 192 ng/kg body weight/day and the 95th percentiles of 604 ng/kg body weight/day, that would exceed the most conservative safety threshold for infants. Bread and pasta were the main contributing foodstuffs to the global exposure to DON, even among infants; thus, those foods should be considered a priority for food control or to develop strategies to reduce the exposure. In any case, further toxicological and epidemiological studies are required in order to refine the safety thresholds accounting for the sensitivity of the infant population.     

Risk to human health associated with the environmental occurrence of cyanobacterial neurotoxic alkaloids anatoxins and saxitoxins

Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous photosynthetic micro-organisms forming blooms and scums in surface water; among them some species can produce cyanotoxins giving rise to some concern for human health and animal life. To date, more than 65 cyanobacterial neurotoxins have been described, of which the most studied are the groups of anatoxins and saxitoxins (STXs), comprising many different variants. In freshwaters, the hepatotoxic microcystins represent the most frequently detected cyanotoxin: on this basis, it could appear that neurotoxins are less relevant, but the low frequency of detection may partially reflect an a priori choice of target analytes, the low method sensitivity and the lack of certified standards. Cyanobacterial neurotoxins target cholinergic synapses or voltage-gated ion channels, blocking skeletal and respiratory muscles, thus leading to death by respiratory failure. This review reports and analyzes the available literature data on environmental occurrence of cyanobacterial neurotoxic alkaloids, namely anatoxins and STXs, their biosynthesis, toxicology and epidemiology, derivation of guidance values and action limits. These data are used as the basis to assess the risk posed to human health, identify critical exposure scenarios and highlight the major data gaps and research needs.     

英国伦理委员会的现状与分析

伦理委员会的主要职责是保护药物临床试验受试者的权益、安全和健康.现对英国伦理委员会的法律、法规、申请及审评程序等进行归纳分析,旨在对规范我国伦理委员会的运作具有参考借鉴作用.     

896例成人嗓音声学参数的计算机采集分析

目的　通过研究获得有关嗓音医学的数据标准及各种嗓音疾病的特征性客观指标 ,建立嗓音临床检测系统 ,为临床诊断与治疗提供有效的参考标准和方法。方法　应用Dr.Speech(DSS)软件的先进技术 ,按卫生部(司 ) :“语音、语言测试和矫治行业标准”的研究要求 ,采集、分析上海地区成人 5 0 0例正常嗓音以及 396例临床常见嗓音疾病的病理性嗓音的声学样本。结果　正常人的各嗓音声学参数 :基频微扰、振幅微扰、声门噪声、频率颤动、共振峰等值均在DSS软件提供的正常范围内 ,而病理性嗓音声学参数超出该范围 ,并具有各不同的特点。结论　我国成人嗓音声学参数与欧美的相似 ,应用Dr.Speech软件可对各种嗓音疾病进行临床客观检测和评估     

嗓音声学分析与心理听觉评价的相关性研究

目的 :探讨嗓音声学分析参数与声嘶程度心理听觉评价之间的关系。方法 :对 178例受试者进行嗓音声学分析 ,按声嘶程度将 2 4例正常人及 15 4例病理嗓音患者分成四组 ,对各组的嗓音声学分析参数及其与声嘶程度的关系进行统计学处理。结果 :除 0级与 1级组 jitter值差异无显著性外 ,其余各参数在各组间差异均有显著性意义。NNE和 SNR为判别声嘶程度的最有意义的两个参数 ,5个参数 (jitter,shim mer,NNE,SNR,SDF0 )均与声嘶程度有良好的相关关系。结论 :嗓音声学分析参数可以较简便直观地评价声嘶程度 ,为临床诊断提供依据。     

Evaluation of Dietary Intake and Anthropometric Status in 1–9-Year-Old Children Living in Serbia: National Food Consumption Survey according to the EU Menu Methodology

The Serbian Food Consumption Survey among 1–9-year-old-children was conceptualized and conducted in compliance with the principles, established protocols, and guidelines of the EU Menu project between 2017 and 2021. Valid data were collected for 576 individuals (290 1–3-year-old toddlers and 276 3–9-year-old children). Regardless of age and gender category, the majority (68.80%) of children had normal weights according to the Body Mass Index-for-age classification system. The median daily energy intake was 1406.71 kcal with no differences between the settlement types. The overall median contributions of carbohydrates, protein, and fat to the total energy intake were 47.54%, 14.06%, and 37.88%, respectively. The proportions of the macronutrient intake deviated from the dietary reference values with compliance to the recommendations being particularly poor for fat and fiber. The consumption of energy-dense food groups such as meat and meat products, fat and oil, sugar, and confections was more pronounced among older children. The survey results provide a valuable insight into the nutritional status and dietary habits of toddlers and children 1–9 years old living in Serbia. They may serve as an evidence platform for public health programs, a valuable asset for decision-makers, and a reliable reference to guide nutritional policies, diet monitoring, and interventions targeting this population group in the future.     

Predicting Sensitivity to Adverse Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Morbidity and Mortality

People appear to vary in their susceptibility to lifestyle risk factors for cardiometabolic disease; determining a priori who is most sensitive may help optimize the timing, design, and delivery of preventative interventions. We aimed to ascertain a person’s degree of resilience or sensitivity to adverse lifestyle exposures and determine whether these classifications help predict cardiometabolic disease later in life; we pooled data from two population-based Swedish prospective cohort studies (n = 53,507), and we contrasted an individual’s cardiometabolic biomarker profile with the profile predicted for them given their lifestyle exposure characteristics using a quantile random forest approach. People who were classed as ‘sensitive’ to hypertension- and dyslipidemia-related lifestyle exposures were at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD, hazards ratio 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3, 1.91)), compared with the general population. No differences were observed for type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Here, we report a novel approach to identify individuals who are especially sensitive to adverse lifestyle exposures and who are at higher risk of subsequent cardiovascular events. Early preventive interventions may be needed in this subgroup.