B超CT与MRI在子宫内膜癌手术前肌层浸润及淋巴结转移诊断中的价值研究

目的：探讨B超、CT及MRI在子宫内膜癌手术前肌层浸润及淋巴结转移诊断中的价值。方法117例子宫内膜癌患者均进行了B超检查,其中40例患者实施了CT检查,43例患者实施了MRI检查。结果 B超对肌层浸润和淋巴结转移的诊断结果与病理检查结果的一致性较差。 CT对肌层浸润的诊断与病理检查结果一致性较低( K=0．326),而对淋巴结转移的诊断结果与病理检查结果一致性较高( K=0．702);MRI对肌层浸润和淋巴结转移的诊断结果与与病理检查结果的一致性较好。结论MRI对子宫内膜癌患者肌层浸润和淋巴结转移有较高的临床诊断价值。     

腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治与D2淋巴结清扫安全性及可行性分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治与D2淋巴结清扫的效果及安全性。方法收集80例远端胃癌患者,40例行腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术的患者为研究组,40例采用开腹手术治疗的患者为对照组,对比分析两组手术指标(切口长度、手术时间、术中出血)、术后恢复情况(排气时间、下床活动时间、镇痛次数、并发症)及肿瘤根治范围等,评价腹腔镜胃癌根治的效果和安全性。结果研究组手术时间显著长于对照组,但切口长度、术中出血量均明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义( P<0．05)。两组肿瘤近端及远端切缘、淋巴结清扫数量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。研究组术后镇痛次数、肛门排气时间、下床活动时间明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意(P<0．05);除肺部感染外,两组其他并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。结论腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治与D2淋巴结清扫虽然手术时间较长,操作复杂,但能够达到开腹手术相同的胃癌切除标准和淋巴清扫范围,且术后恢复方面有明显优势,值得应用。     

Low dialysate potassium and central arterial pressure waveform

Background

Cardiovascular mortality is high in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Early arterial pressure wave reflections predict mortality in HD patients, and HD acutely improves the central pressure waveform. Potassium (K) plays a crucial role in cardiac electrophysiology, and patients with end-stage kidney disease depend on HD for neutral K balance. We aimed to study the impact of dialysate K concentrations on central arterial pressure waveform.

Methods

Thirty-three chronic HD patients were studied before and after a HD session, and the prescribed dialysate K concentration was recorded. In a subset of 23 patients without arrhythmias, pulse wave analysis was performed on radial arteries. Nine patients had dialysate K set to 1 mmol/L (group 1), and 14 patients had K set to 2 or 3 mmol/L (group 2). Augmentation index (AIx), defined as difference between the second and first systolic peak divided by central pulse pressure, was used as a measure of arterial stiffness.

Results

HD reduced the AIx in group 1 only (p = 0.0005). Likewise, central systolic pressure was reduced in group 1 only (p = 0.006). The relative reduction of AIx post-HD was significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (p < 0.0001). The association between low dialysate K and AIx reduction remained statistically significant after adjustment for variables including the change in central and peripheral systolic pressure and mean arterial pressure.

Conclusion

Low dialysate K is strongly and independently associated with the acute improvement of AIx.     

孤立性肺结节临床分析及淋巴结转移的不良因素

目的：分析孤立性结节临床病理特征预测孤立性小肺癌的淋巴结转移不良因素。方法：选取天津市胸科医院2014年2－12月期间手术治疗结节＜2cm的孤立性肺结节（SPN）患者100例,收集术前1周内的癌胚抗原（CEA）、细胞角蛋白19片段（CYFRA21‐1）、术前CT和PET‐CT资料,整理术后病理结果和淋巴结转移情况。在良恶性病例间分析患者临床资料,在恶性病例间分析影响淋巴结转移的因素,探讨影响淋巴结转移的独立因素。结果：在70例孤立性小肺癌和30例良性肺结节（肿瘤均≤2cm ）的比较中,患者性别、年龄、吸烟史、结节部位、结节大小、血清Cy‐fra21‐1在良恶性结节病理之间无统计学意义。而患者的血清CEA水平则有统计学意义（ P＝0．026）,实性成分＞50％是淋巴结转移的独立影响因素（OR＝4．073,95％ CI：18．161～25．19,P＜0．05）。ROC曲线 AUC＝0.905。结论：SPN并非是肺癌的早期表现,有些患者已经存在了淋巴结转移,SPN实性成分＞50％的患者存在淋巴结转移的高风险。     

浅谈治未病理论中“瘥后防复”对肿瘤复发转移的指导作用

"瘥后防复"是中医预防医学"治未病"理论的重要组成之一,与现代医学三级预防中的康复性预防相似,对肿瘤复发转移的预防有一定的指导作用。本文从治未病理论中"瘥后防复"思想、中医对肿瘤复发转移的认识、"瘥后防复"思想对肿瘤复发转移的指导作用等三个方面进行了阐释。     

光动力治疗中央型支气管肺癌术后气道优质护理效果分析

目的:探讨接受光动力治疗中央型支气管肺癌患者术后进行优质气道护理的临床效果。方法:选取2011年1月至2014年1月收治的中央型支气管肺癌患者60例为研究对象,所有患者均接受光动力治疗方式,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和实验组各30例,对照组接受常规气道吸痰护理,实验组接受优质气道护理方式,比较两组患者治疗前后生命体征、呼吸力学、并发症以及患者的满意度。结果:实验组患者的平均心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SPO2)及平均气道压(Pmean)明显小于对照组,患者发生肺不张、肺部感染的概率较低,且实验组患者治疗效果更优,各组统计结果均具有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:对接受光动力治疗中央型支气管肺癌患者进行术后优质气道护理可以明显提高患者的各项生命特征以及临床疗效,有效降低患者术后不良症状的发生。     

American Gastroenterological Association technical review on the diagnosis and treatment of gastroparesis

This literature review and the recommendations herein were prepared for the American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Practice Committee. The paper was approved by the Committee on May 16, 2004, and by the AGA Governing Board on September 23, 2004.     

主动脉夹层急性期院内死亡危险因素分析

目的：分析急性主动脉夹层（AD）住院死亡危险因素。方法：回顾性分析140例我院近10年AD住院患者的临床资料。结果：140例AD患者中A型AD63例（45％），B型AD77例（55％），平均年龄（53．2±11．8）岁，男女性别比3．4：1，急性期院内病死率29．3%，A型AD并发胸腔积液、心包积液、低血压（休克）、主动脉瓣返流是AD急性期住院死亡的主要原因，开展腔内隔绝术后B型AD病死率从25．9％下降到8％。结论：A型AD胸腔积液、急性心包积液、低血压（休克）、主动脉瓣返流是导致患者急性期院内死亡的4个独立危险因素，腔内隔绝术是治疗B型AD较为安全和有效的方法。     

Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic demonstration of innominate artery dissection

We describe an adult patient with type I aortic dissection in whom it was feasible to demonstrate the extension of the dissection into the innominate artery using color Doppler three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography.     

The G972R variant of the Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene, body fat distribution and insulin-resistance

Aims/hypothesis. Insulin resistance is recognised as the core factor in the pathogenesis of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Several studies indicate the possible role of mutations of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene in the pathogenesis of insulin-resistance and suggest a possible interaction between the IRS-1 gene and obesity, either by an effect on the development of obesity or by causing or aggravating the obesity-associated insulin resistance. Therefore, the prevalence of the G972R mutation of the IRS-1 gene was compared in 157 non-diabetic obese subjects (BMI > 30 m/kg²) and in 157 lean subjects (BMI < 28 m/kg²). By investigating the relation between this IRS-1 mutation, measures of obesity and metabolic parameters, we explored the possible influence of this mutation on body fat distribution and insulin resistance. Methods. The G972R mutation was detected by PCR amplification and BstN-1 restriction enzyme digestion. Data were analysed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results. The G972R allele was significantly more frequent in obese subjects than in lean subjects (p < 0.002); however, no difference was found between centrally and peripherally obese subjects. Obese G972R carriers had significantly higher BMI (p < 0.001), fasting insulin (p < 0.01), triglycerides (p < 0.03) and HOMA_IR (p < 0.001) than obese non-carriers. No differences were observed between G972R carriers and non-carriers among control subjects. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the IRS-1 G972R mutation was significantly and independently associated with reduced insulin sensitivity (p < 0.009) in the obese group. Conclusion/interpretation. The G972R mutation of the IRS-1 gene associates with obesity, but not with fat distribution, in this Italian cohort, and within the obese subjects this IRS-1 variant strongly associates with metabolic parameters suggesting greater insulin-resistance. These findings indicate a possible interaction between the IRS-1 variant and obesity in worsening insulin sensitivity. [Diabetologia (2001) 44: 367–372] Received: 11 August 2000 and in revised form: 25 October 2000