次侧切术治疗期肛裂前后肛门直肠压力对比分析

目的 :探讨次侧切开内括约肌治疗肛裂术前、术后肛门直肌压力的变化。方法 :采用自行设计的次侧方内括约肌切开加双缘结扎术治疗 期肛裂 6 0例 ,测定手术前后肛门直肠压力 ,并与 6 0例正常人肛压比较 ,评价新术式治疗 期肛裂的临床疗效及其对肛门功能的影响。结果 :显示术后患者肛管静息压显著降低 ,与术前比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,与正常人比较无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;肛管最大收缩压与术前及正常人比较无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :次侧方内括约肌切开加双缘结扎术能有效地解除内括约肌痉挛 ,从根本上消除高肛压 ,从而彻底治愈肛裂 ,而且不影响肛门功能。     

Pinealectomy Does Not Affect the Healing of Experimental Colonic Anastomoses

Gastrointestinal system anastomoses, especially colonic anastomoses, have significant morbidity and mortality despite recent technical improvements. Besides regulating the circadian rhythm, the pineal gland and its main neurohormone product melatonin have widespread actions in the organism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pinealectomy on the healing of colonic anastomoses. One hundred male albino Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were separated into three groups: control, pinealectomy, and sham groups. In the control group, only colonic resection and anastomoses were performed. Following pinealectomy, colonic anastomosis was performed 2 weeks later on one half and 2 months later on the other half of the pinealectomy group. Only craniotomy was performed on the sham group, and the rats were separated and evaluated like the pinealectomy group. Colonic anastomoses were evaluated on postanastomotic day 3 and 7 by measuring the bursting pressure and the hydroxyproline levels in the anastomotic segments. There was no difference in the bursting pressure measurements between the groups on both postoperative day 3 and 7. Although hydroxyproline levels were different between groups on both postanastomotic days 3 and 7, it has been observed that neither normal nor anastomotic hydroxyproline levels influenced the anastomotic bursting pressure measurements. The percent deviation from the normal values was compared in the anastomotic segments, and no differences were found regarding the bursting pressure and hydroxyproline levels. It was concluded that pinealectomy has no effect on the healing of colonic anastomoses.     

Traditional Chinese medicine for pressure ulcer: a meta‐analysis

To assess the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) [Chinese herbal medicine ointment (CHMO), acupuncture and moxibustion] on pressure ulcer. In this study, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTER, CBM, CNKI, WAN FANG and VIP for articles published from database inception up to 4 April 2011. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), which compared the effects of TCM with other interventions. We assessed the methodological quality of these trials using Cochrane risk of bias criteria. Ten of 565 potentially relevant trails that enrolled a total of 893 patients met our inclusion criteria. All the included RCTs only used CHMO intervention, because acupuncture and moxibustion trials failed to meet the inclusive criteria. A meta‐analysis showed beneficial effects of CHMO for pressure ulcer compared with other treatments on the total effective rate [risk ratio (RR): 1·28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1·20–1·36; P = 0·53; I² = 0%), curative ratio (RR: 2·02; 95% CI: 1·73–2·35; P = 0·11; I² = 37%) and inefficiency rate (RR: 0·16; 95% CI: 0·02–0·80; P = 0·84; I² = 0%). However, the funnel plot indicated that there was publication bias in this study. The evidence that CHMO is effective for pressure ulcer is encouraging, but due to several caveats, not conclusive. Therefore, more rigorous studies seem warranted.     

The challenge of spinal cord injury care in the developing world

Great strides have been made in reducing morbidity and mortality following spinal cord injury (SCI), and improving long-term health and community participation; however, this progress has not been uniform across the globe. This review highlights differences in global epidemiology of SCI and the ongoing challenges in meeting the needs of individuals with SCI in the developing world, including post-disaster. Significant disparities persist, with life expectancies of 2 years or less not uncommon for persons living with paraplegia in many developing countries. The international community has an important role in improving access to appropriate care following SCI worldwide.     

Physiological measurements of tissue health; implications for clinical practice

Pressure mapping alone insufficiently describes tissue health. Comprehensive, quantitative non invasive assessment is crucial. Interface pressures (IPs) and transcutaneous blood gas levels [transcutaneous tissue oxygen (T_cPO₂)] were simultaneously assessed over both ischia and the sacrum to investigate the hypotheses: (i) tissue oxygenation decreases with sustained applied pressure; (ii) tissue oxygen and IP are inversely correlated in loaded soft tissues; (iii) multisite assessments are unnecessary because healthy individuals are symmetrical. Measurements were taken at 5‐minute intervals for 20 minutes in both sitting and supine lying for a cohort of 20 able‐bodied adults. There were no statistically significant changes over time for either variable in 96% of timepoint comparisons. Specifically, no significant differences were seen between 10 and 20 minutes in either position. These findings imply that a 10‐minute assessment can reliably indicate tissue health and that tissue may adapt to applied load over time. No statistically significant correlations between T_cPO₂ and IP were observed. However, the left and right ischia were significantly different for both variables in supine lying (P < 0·001) and for sitting IP (P < 0·010). Thus, even in this healthy cohort, postural symmetry was not observed and should not be assumed for other populations with restricted mobility. If a multisite technique cannot be used, repeated tissue health assessments must use the same anatomic location.     

89例下肢瘢痕癌的诊治体会

目的：总结下肢瘢痕癌的临床特点及其诊治方法。方法：回顾性分析中南大学湘雅医院烧伤重建外科 1998年1月至2017年12月收治的89例下肢瘢痕癌患者的临床资料,包括人口统计学、致伤因素、癌变潜伏期、病变部 位、溃疡面积、病理类型、骨质侵犯、淋巴结转移情况、手术方式、修复方法与预后等。结果：89例下肢瘢痕癌患 者中,男70例,女19例;最常见致伤因素依次为火焰烧伤(42例)、创伤(19例)、烫伤(12例)。病变最常见于小腿(31 例),其次为大腿(11例)、足跟(11例);溃疡面积为1.5~600.0 cm2 。其中鳞状细胞癌80例、疣状癌8例、肉瘤1例。术前 发现腹股沟淋巴结肿大78例,行腹股沟淋巴结清扫49例,单纯淋巴结活检、切除29例;9例发现淋巴结转移,8例有 骨质侵犯;24例行截肢术,53例行病灶扩大切除皮片移植术,12例行病灶扩大切除皮瓣修复术。65例得到随访,8例 出现复发,其中截肢者2例,扩大切除者6例,且肿瘤复发与手术方式无关(P>0.05)。结论：下肢瘢痕癌复发转移率较 高,需早期发现、早期诊断,应尽早手术治疗并定期随访;腹股沟淋巴结肿大较常见,需行淋巴结活检、切除或清 扫;局部扩大切除、植皮或皮瓣修复是其主要治疗方法,但癌肿较大、侵犯较深且下肢瘢痕广泛、畸形严重者可考 虑截肢。     

颈椎前路手术后邻近节段运动变化的生物力学研究

目的利用压敏片(PSF)技术,测量颈椎前路手术后关节突关节内压力的变化,探讨颈前路手术后远期邻近节段退变的生物力学发病机制。方法10具新鲜成人颈椎尸体标本(C2～T1),行前路C4,5椎间盘切除、C4,5椎间植骨钢板内固定术。将压敏片置于关节突关节内,在脊柱三维运动试验机上测量0载荷和2N·m载荷下,后伸、左右侧弯、左右旋转过程中关节突关节内压力的变化。结果颈椎前路手术后,邻近节段关节突关节内的压力增加,以后伸和左右旋转时最为明显,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论颈椎前路短节段植骨融合术后,邻近节段关节突关节内压力明显增加,可诱发邻近节段关节突关节的退变,从而引起相应的病症。     

肝硬化门静脉高压症患者超声内镜引导门静脉压力梯度测定：附52例报告

背景与目的：门静脉高压症的特征是门静脉压力梯度（PPG）增加,然而,传统的PPG测定方法困难、风险大,临床很难常规实施。前期的动物实验及人体试验均显示了超声内镜引导门静脉压力梯度（EUS-PPG）测定技术的可行性及准确性,且近期一项前瞻性研究在肝小静脉闭塞所致的急性或亚急性门静脉高压症患者中验证了EUS-PPG与肝静脉压力梯度（HVPG）存在一致性。然而,对于肝硬化门静脉高压症患者进行EUS-PPG测定的相关临床研究在国内尚未见相关报道。因此,本研究探讨肝硬化门静脉高压症EUS-PPG测定的准确性、可行性及安全性。方法：选取2022年3月—2022年8月中南大学湘雅三医院收治的52例肝硬化门静脉高压症进行EUSPPG测定,分析EUS-PPG测定结果及其与患者临床特征的关系。结果：52例患者中,47例既往或近期有食管胃静脉曲张出血史（14例既往经历过脾切除断流手术）。51例（98%）成功实施EUS-PPG,1例技术失败。门静脉穿刺途径分别为经胃壁（42例）或经十二指肠（9例）,经胃壁穿刺肝静脉（10例）或肝后下腔静脉（41例）,操作时长（15.5±3.4） min。51例患者的平均门静脉...     

再生医疗技术治疗糖尿病皮肤溃疡疗效观察与护理体会

目的总结、分析原位再生医疗技术治疗糖尿病慢性皮肤溃疡的疗效和护理干预的意义。方法对29例糖尿病患者的64处慢性皮肤溃疡创面采用原位再生医疗技术治疗,并配合相应的健康教育、心理干预等措施综合护理,观察并记录治疗12周后的创面愈合情况与护理效果。结果经过12周的治疗与护理,29例患者的64处皮肤溃疡创面均有不同程度的好转,其中,治愈率为71.87%,明显有效率为20.31%,有效率为100%;瘢痕轻度增生率为48.43%。结论原位再生医疗技术治疗糖尿病慢性皮肤溃疡创面,疗效满意,若配合有效的护理干预措施,能有效稳定患者情绪,提高患者的依从性,利于糖尿病慢性皮肤溃疡的愈合。     

Cost‐effectiveness of treating vascular leg ulcers with UrgoStart® and UrgoCell® Contact

Although chronic wounds have a high socio‐economic impact, data on comparative effectiveness of treatments are rare. UrgoStart^® is a hydroactive dressing containing a nano‐oligosaccharide factor (NOSF). This study aimed at evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of this NOSF‐containing wound dressing in vascular leg ulcers compared with a similar neutral foam dressing (UrgoCell^® Contact) without NOSF. Cost‐effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the German statutory health care system was performed using a decision tree model for a period of 8 weeks. Cost and outcome data were derived from the clinical study ‘Challenge’ suggesting a response rate (≥40% wound size reduction) of UrgoStart^® of 65·6% versus 39·4% for the comparator. In the treatment model, effect‐adjusted costs of €849·86 were generated after 8 weeks for treatment with UrgoStart^® versus €1335·51 for the comparator resulting in an effect‐adjusted cost advantage of €485·64 for UrgoStart^®. In linear sensitivity analyses, the outcomes were stable for varying assumptions on prices and response rates. In an 8‐week period of treatment for vascular leg ulcers, UrgoStart^® shows superior cost‐effectiveness when compared with the similar neutral foam dressing without any active component (NOSF). As demonstrated within a randomised, double‐blind clinical trial, UrgoStart^® is also more effective in wound area reduction than the neutral foam dressing. Wound healing was not addressed in this clinical trial. Follow‐up data of 12 months to allow for reulceration assessment were not generated.