气道压力释放通气对急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者呼吸机相关性肺损伤的影响

目的 通过测定机械通气对急性呼吸窘迫综合征（Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome,ARDS）患者支气管肺泡灌洗液（BronchoAlveolar Lavage Fluid,BALF）与血清中肺损伤标记物的变化,明确气道压力释放通气（Airway Pressure Release Ventilation,APRV）与小潮气量保护性通气（Low Tidal Volume Protective Ventilation,LTV）对ARDS患者呼吸机相关性肺损伤（Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury,VILI）的影响。方法 收集深圳大学总医院及海南省人民医院2018-01至2019-05内ARDS住院患者40例,以随机数字法分为两组：A组21例,B组19例,A组先予APRV通气24 h,随后转为LTV 24 h;B组先予LTV 24 h,再转为APRV 24 h,比较干预治疗0 h、24 h、48 h两组患者氧合指数、呼吸力学、BALF及血清中肺泡表面活性蛋白（Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D,SP-D）、重组...     

A service evaluation to examine the use of compression strapping for the management of patients with retromalleolar leg ulcers in a specialist community setting

Leg ulcers are costly to the NHS, and they have a significant impact on patients'' physical, social, and psychological well‐being. Compression therapy is traditionally the “gold‐standard” treatment for the management of venous leg ulcers and can be beneficial for those individuals with mixed ulcer aetiology. Evidence suggests that the application of standard, strong, graduated compression bandaging does not apply therapeutic compression to the retromalleolar fossa. The addition of compression strapping has been found to increase sub‐bandage pressure, promote healing, reduce pain and increase quality of life in patients with retromalleolar leg ulcers. This service evaluation aimed at evaluating the use of compression strapping with patients with retromalleolar leg ulcers. The service evaluation included 24 patients with 41 ulcers treated with compression strapping by a specialist team. Patients treated with CS had multiple comorbidities and shared common characteristics including foot and ankle oedema, previous ulceration, reduced mobility, and failure to heal despite the application of “gold‐standard” compression therapy. Following application of compression strapping, 17 patients (n = 27/41 ulcers) healed, mean pain scores decreased, and mean quality of life scores increased. The compression strapping was tolerated well, and patients reported a positive experience. This service evaluation has contributed towards a growing evidence base that supports the use of CS for the management of patients with retromalleolar leg ulcers.     

EPIDEMIOLOGIE DE L’HYPERTENSION ARTERIELLE EN TUNISIE.Etude Hammam Sousse/Sahloul Heart Study (HSHS)

Introduction: Tunisia is experiencing a double burden of morbidity, characterized by the explosion of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors including arterial Hypertension. The objective of this study, based on the HSHS cohort (Hammam Sousse Sahloul Heart Study), was to determine the prevalence of hypertension in the general population and to identify its predisposing factors. Methods: HSHS is a cardiovascular health promotion initiative in the city of Hammam Sousse (Tunisia). The study was conducted via a random sample of households, using the WHO PEV technique, made up of 33 clusters, of 33 households each. All people aged 20 and over, included, benefited from a questionnaire, a physical examination and a biological assessment. The Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and the Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) were measured from the average of the last two measurements, by an OMRON type tensiometer, of suitable width. These prevalences were adjusted according to sex and age group, by their weighting coefficients in the general population, and they were accompanied by their 95% CIs. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify independent factors associated with hypertension. Results: The study population was composed of 481 men (33.4%) and 960 women (66.6%), with an average age of 49.6±16.35 years in males (M) and 46.6±16.18 in females (F). In addition to the family history of hypertension, the sufficient weekly consumption of vegetables and fruits was low (M: 32.4%, F: 24.9%). The adjusted rate of hypertension in the adult study population was 32.5%, 95%CI[31.9-33.1] (M: 36.4%, 95%CI[35, 5-37.3]; F: 28.4%; 95% CI[27.6-29.2]), reaching in the age group of 60 years and above: M: 74.6% (95%CI[66.9-82.3], F: 82.7% (95%CI[73.8-83.6]) Multivariate analysis identified five independent factors significantly associated with hypertension: male sex (ORa=1.55 [1.18-2.03]), age over 40 years (ORa=6.54[4.70-9.11]), low level of schooling (ORa=1.80 [1.36-2.38]), low physical activity (ORa=1.42[1.07-1.88]) and high socio-economic level (ORa=1 .84 [1.30-2.63]). Conclusion: The HSHS study confirmed the high prevalence of hypertension, and the extent of its low detection and control. Hence the need for a universal approach to health promotion, oriented towards the general population, piloted by its local organizations, based on the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, and centered on physical activity.     

借鉴"国际化潜力"分析模型思考我国医疗服务行业加入WTO后的压力

随着我国加入WTO的进程，我们必须深刻知晓激烈竞争局面势在必现，可以借鉴“国际化潜力”分析模型思考应对挑战策略，从市场的类似性，规模经济，国家管制和国家的比较优势或企业的竞争优势四方面分析，研究国际医疗服务的相似性，可能辐射的需求领域，投入资本和运营成本的特点以及提高管理效率和效益。     

湿润烧伤膏治疗Ⅲ期压疮的护理体会

目的观察湿润烧伤膏联合湿润烧伤膏药纱治疗Ⅲ期压疮的临床疗效,探讨其护理对策。方法 69例Ⅲ期压疮患者均应用湿润烧伤膏药纱条填塞潜腔及湿润烧伤膏外涂创面治疗,每日更换1次,观察创面愈合效果;与此同时,给予精心的创面护理及心理护理,总结有效可行的护理对策。结果除3例患者于创面好转后自动出院、2例患者死于原发疾病外,其余64例患者的压疮创面均原位再生愈合,效果满意。结论应用湿润烧伤膏联合湿润烧伤膏药纱条填塞治疗Ⅲ期压疮疗效确切,方法简便易行,费用低廉,适宜临床推广应用。     

水枕在预防偏瘫患者压疮中的应用

目的：探讨水枕在偏瘫患者压疮预防中的效果。方法将2013年5～10月入科的偏瘫患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组患者皮肤受压处使用普通软枕,观察组患者用水枕替代普通软枕,两组患者均使用气垫床,并定时协助翻身。观察两组患者受压处皮肤受损情况及受压后皮肤能否完全恢复。结果观察组患者仅有I期压疮2例,对照组患者发生I期压疮25例,Ⅱ期压疮2例。观察组患者皮肤受损程度明显低于对照组（ P＜0.01）。结论水枕在预防偏瘫压疮中起到了积极的作用,效果明显,是一种值得推广的好方法。     

稳定(牙合)垫治疗对颞下颌关节腔内压力的影响

目的:通过测量戴稳定(牙合)垫前、后颞下颌关节腔内压力的变化,检验稳定(牙合)垫治疗对颞下颌关节腔内压力的影响.方法:用自行开发的多导颞下颌关节腔内压力测试仪,对22例患者进行戴稳定(牙合)垫前、后的颞下颌关节腔内压力穿刺测量,直接获取关节腔内的压力数值,并对戴稳定(牙合)垫前、后正中咬合和大张口状态下的压力数值用配对t检验进行统计比较分析.结果:戴稳定(牙合)垫前正中咬合和大张口状态的颞下颌关节腔内压力分别是(61.3±48.5)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)和负压(33.2±34.2)mm Hg;戴稳定(牙合)垫后正中咬合和大张口状态的颞下颌关节腔内压力为(39.5±24.5)mm Hg柱和负压(36.3±25.3)mm Hg.正中咬合状态下的戴稳定(牙合)垫后关节腔内压力值小于戴稳定(牙合)垫前压力值,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);大张口状态下的压力数值在戴稳定(牙合)垫前、后差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:戴稳定(牙合)垫能降低正中咬合状态下颞下颌关节腔内压力.