灯盏细辛黄酮类成分对压力诱导的视网膜神经节细胞凋亡的影响

目的考察灯盏细辛中黄酮类成分(总黄酮、灯盏花素)对体外高压诱导的视网膜神经节细胞(retinal gan-glion cells,RGCs)凋亡的影响,探讨其视神经保护作用的物质基础。方法采用胰酶消化法将24只出生2~3d的SD(Sprague-Dawley)乳鼠视网膜制成细胞悬液,接种于经多聚鸟氨酸(HA)和层粘连蛋白(LN)包被的盖玻片中。培养72h后,将覆有细胞的血盖片转入加压装置中,加入黄酮类成分,继续培养48h,采用Fas蛋白免疫组化染色法及原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记(Tunel-POD)法进行检测,每天观察细胞形态,同时对部分细胞行NSE染色检查。结果细胞生长良好,NSE染色表明,85%以上的细胞为RGCs。给药组的Fas蛋白阳性表达指数和凋亡指数均明显低于模型组(P<0.05~0.01)。结论黄酮类成分均能对抗压力诱导的RGCs凋亡,为灯盏细辛视神经保护的有效组分。     

体外细胞培养检验“方证对应”关系的方法学研究

目的通过在体外细胞培养中加入中药复方粗提制剂对具有典型的中医证型的肺癌患者的外周血淋巴细胞NK活性的影响，探索能否在体外实验中反映“方证对应”关系。方法以水煎醇沉法制备两种中药复方（益气养阴和健脾化痰）的粗提制剂，取具有典型的中医证型（气阴两虚或脾虚痰湿证型）的肺癌患者的外周血淋巴细胞，将同一个患者的标本分为四个体外实验组，即空白对照组，中药5mg／ml组及10mg／ml组，自细胞介素2（250^u/ml，阳性对照）组。按“辨证论治”原则加入相应的中药复方制剂。体外培养22h或94h，以MTT法检测各组的NK活性。结果无论培养22h或94h，中药组的NK活性与对照组比较皆无显著性差异（P〉0．05），而白细胞介素2（阳性对照）组的NK括性均明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论两种中药复方制剂都未能在体外反应出“方证对应”的效果，说明中药粗提制剂直接用于体外细胞培养，其结果的可靠性差。     

国人跟骨距关节面的形态研究

观察329块(男193,女136)国人成年跟骨的距关节面形态。其中A型出现率,男为45.08±3.58％,女为41.18±4.22％;B型出现率男为53.89±3.59％,女为58.82±4.22％;C型仅男性出现2例,占1.04±0.73％。成套标本中,距关节面左右对称的,男性90例中有81例,占90.00±3.16％;女性67例中有59例,占88.06±3.96％。经统计学处理,侧别间及性别间均无明显差异。文内结合观察结果提出自己的分型标准及类型,并与以往资料进行了比较。     

根据桂枝汤的效应消除半衰期和表观消除半衰期制订给药方案的探讨

为探讨药效法估测的效应消除半衰期和效量法估测的表观半衰期对合理制订给药方案的意义和作用,以桂枝汤解热和抗炎的药物动力学实验中所得的相应参数值设计了给药方案,观察了它们在提高药效上的作用。结果表明在给药总剂量相等、首次给药同时开始的情况下,以半衰期设计的给药方案组的药效均明显高于习惯的一次给药组;而以效应消除半衰期设计给药方案组药效增强率又高于以表观半衰期设计的方案组。提示效应消除半衰期比表观半衰期似更有实践意义。     

Breast cancer surveillance — a cost-effective strategy

Summary The effectiveness of a surveillance program for breast cancer recurrence in extending survival is predicated on two assumptions: 1) most recurrences are detected at an early stage at surveillance visits; and 2) the early treatment of recurrence offers a better chance of cure or longer survival. However, the data suggest that neither of these two assumptions is correct, and that postoperative follow-up of patients with breast cancer is expensive and does not significantly extend survival.This minisymposium was presented December 8, 1992, at the annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, and was sponsored by educational grants from Amgen and from Bristol-Myers Oncology Division.     

33例肝占位性病变MRI误诊的分析

我院１９８８年以来４０００余例腹部ＭＲＩ中，发现肝占位性病变误诊３３例。所用机型为美国Ｄｉｓｏｎｉｃｓ公司０．５Ｔ超导ＭＲＩ，自旋回波序列（ＳＥ序列）、常规Ｔ１加权（Ｔ１ＷＩ）、质子加权（ＰＤＷＩ）、Ｔ２加权（Ｔ２ＷＩ），覆盖全肝。其中，ＰＨＣ误诊为ＭＨＣ５例、ＭＨＣ误诊为ＰＨＣ６例、ＰＨＣ误为ＨＨＥ５例、ＭＨＣ误诊为ＨＨＥ２例、ＨＨＥ误诊为ＰＨＣ６例、肝硬化结节误诊为ＰＨＣ２例、炎性假瘤误诊为ＰＨＣ３例、肝结核误诊为ＰＨＣ１例、ＨＣＹ误诊为ＨＨＥ３例。本文从病变的影像学特征和扫描技术方面详细探讨了误诊的原因和鉴别诊断要点。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗：附16例报告

低温体外循环下手术治疗主动窦瘤破裂１６例，采用右房切口１例，右室流出道切口１１例，窦瘤破入腔和主动脉根部双切口４例。单纯窦瘤破口修补２例；双头垫片针窦瘤基部与空间隔踬同并列间断褥式缝合修补３例；     

Lung function, smoking and survival in severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, PiZZ

Lung function, smoking, age and mortality data in 158 adult severe alpha₁-antitrypsin deficient, PiZZ individuals, followed from 1963 to 1982 were analyzed. Low initial FEV₁ value was significantly associated with increased mortality (p < 0.005). A 3 yr mortality rate of 40% was found in individuals whose initial FEV₁ values were less than 30% of that predicted. In contrast, the corresponding 3-yr mortality among those whose initial FEV₁ values were between 30 and 65% of that predicted was only 7%. Smokers were found to have significantly lower FEV₁ levels (p = 0.008) and higher mortality (p < 0.005) than non-smokers. The difference between current and ex-smokers in mortality and FEV₁ level were not statistically significant (p = 0.9 and p>0.25, respectively). Cross-sectional analysis of the initial FEV₁ values indicated a significant decline (p < 0.005) of FEV₁ with increasing age. This decline was greater among smokers than non-smokers. Longitudinal analysis of FEV₁ rates of decline in 80 cases with follow-up FEV₁ measurements failed to detect any significant differences between smokers and non-smokers, but was performed late in the disease process. The application of these results to the planning of studies on replacement therapy, smoking intervention strategy and longitudinal follow-up is discussed.     

二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠驱镍作用的实验研究

本文用大鼠研究了带-SH基的二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(Dithiocarb,简称Na-DDC或称铜试剂)和不带-SH基的新螯合剂(H-73-10)的驱镍作用。结果表明,Na-DDC对羰基镍(Ni(CO)_4〕的驱镍作用明显优于H-73-10;与此相反,H-73-10对硝酸镍〔Ni(NO_3)_2〕染毒大鼠的驱镍作用却明显优于Na-DDC。