成都市某三甲医院孕妇孕期膳食习惯及行为调查

目的:调查成都市某三甲医院孕妇孕期膳食习惯及行为的变化情况。方法:以理性行为理论为基础,自行设计问卷对在成都市某三甲医院门诊就诊的600例孕妇进行调查。结果:孕妇普遍存在孕期膳食结构不合理,孕期营养知识缺乏的问题,不同年龄段孕前BMI之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.003);孕前、孕早期、孕中晚期在吸烟、喝酒、喝咖啡等方面差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论:孕妇孕期膳食行为及营养知识有待改善,应加强孕期膳食行为监督及营养知识健康教育指导。     

女性肺癌患者生存质量评价及影响因素分析

目的评价女性肺癌患者的生存质量（quality of life,QOL）,并探讨其影响因素。方法应用FACT-L（4.0）中文版QOL调查表,对50例女性肺癌患者进行QOL测评,应用多元回归方法筛选其QOL主要影响因素。采用相关分析法分析生存时间与QOL的关系。结果根据标准回归系数的大小,影响女性肺癌患者QOL的主要因素依次为手术治疗、生存时间、化疗,手术治疗的QOL得分高于非手术治疗,随着生存时间延长QOL得分降低。生存时间与QOL的各项目相关分析显示,生存时间与生理状况、与医生的关系、功能状况、附加关注和QOL总分显著负相关（P〈0.05）,与情感状况显著正相关（P〈0.05）。结论手术治疗、化疗能改善女性肺癌的QOL,但随着生存时间延长QOL下降。     

高氯酸盐对女性甲状腺功能的影响调查

目的探讨高氯酸盐对从事烟花爆竹制造职业女性甲状腺功能的影响。方法选择我市2010年1月～2011年1月某烟花爆竹工厂女性员工65例为暴露组，另选择同时期体检的正常女性35例为对照组。比较两组甲状腺功能异常症状出现人数及甲状腺相关激素水平。结果暴露组人群尿液中的高氯酸盐浓度显著高于对照组。暴露组出现疲乏感、便秘、记忆力减退、头晕耳鸣、皮肤干燥、水肿、手脚麻木、骨关节不灵活、小腿肌肉痉挛疼痛、腹胀症状的人数均高于对照组。暴露组FT，水平低于对照组。两组的一般情况对人群甲状腺相关激素水平无明显影响。结论高氯酸盐暴露可能会影响育龄女性甲状腺的功能。因此，我们要对暴露于高氯酸盐环境中的人群进行必要的预防和宣教，帮助她们降低危害。     

A Medical Education as an Investment: Financial Food for Thought

Every year that the training period can be shortened increases the value of a medical education. Tuition covers only a fraction of the cost of medical education, making the societal investment in older students less financially robust. Shortening training periods would immediately solve the shortage of residency training positions. With a few exceptions, a medical education is a good investment for women. We are skeptical of the proposals to address the skyrocketing student debt because they do not confront the primary problem. The best way to minimize debt is thrift, and the best way to make a career in medicine more desirable is to shorten the training time.     

妊娠期体育锻炼干预对自然分娩影响的Meta分析

背景 自然分娩是人类繁衍的正常生理过程，中国剖宫产率超出了世界卫生组织（WHO）提出的警戒线2倍多，而体育锻炼作为一种非药物性的健康干预方式，应引起相关部门的重视。 目的 运用Meta分析方法检验妊娠期体育锻炼对自然分娩影响的干预效果，并提出最优的锻炼方案。 方法 检索中国知网（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（CBM）、维普网中文数据库和PubMed、EMBase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library英文数据库中有关妊娠期体育锻炼干预影响自然分娩结果的随机对照试验（其中干预组以体育锻炼干预为唯一干预方式，对照组进行常规护理知识教育或不进行有规律的体育锻炼），同时追踪相关系统评价所引用的参考文献，检索时间为1990—2021年。提取纳入文献资料，并对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价，采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析，运用GRADE工具对结局指标进行质量评价。 结果 共纳入30篇文献。Meta分析结果显示，干预组自然分娩发生率高于对照组〔RR=1.34，95%CI（1.28，1.40），P<0.000 01〕。亚组分析结果显示，锻炼开始节点对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：>24周、13~24周、≤12周；锻炼内容对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：盆底肌训练、运动课、体操、有氧运动、分娩球、瑜伽；锻炼频率对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：≥12次/周、3~5次/周、6~8次/周、9~11次/周；中等强度的锻炼较低强度的锻炼对自然分娩具有更大的影响；锻炼时长对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：30~<50 min/次、<30 min/次、≥50 min/次；锻炼周期对自然分娩的干预效果从高到低依次为：≤8周、17~24周、9~16周、25~34周。绘制体育锻炼干预对孕妇自然分娩影响的漏斗图，结果显示，漏斗图左右两侧基本对称，发表偏倚较小。运用GRADE工具对结局指标进行质量评价，结果显示，妊娠期体育锻炼影响自然分娩的评级为中等级。 结论 孕妇在妊娠期进行一定的体育锻炼对自然分娩结果具有良好的干预效果，且从妊娠期>24周开始锻炼、≥12次/周、30~<50 min/次、持续进行≤8周的中等强度的盆底肌训练、运动课、体操、有氧运动、分娩球以及瑜伽均对孕妇自然分娩的选择具有积极的影响。     

The Impact of an Outpatient Program for Women with Substance Use-Related Disorders on Retention

Meeting the needs of women manifesting substance-use disorders is a goal in developing treatment programs for this population. As retention in treatment is positively related to treatment outcome, the length of stay in outpatient treatment of alcohol- and other drug-dependent women in Brazil was compared between two programs. Data were analyzed from 181 women entering a Mixed-Gender Program from 1986 to 1996 and from 80 women entering a Women-Only Program from 1997 to 1998. A greater 3-month retention rate was observed in the Women-Only as opposed to the Mixed-Gender Program. Moreover, the impact was more significant among the alcohol-dependent women. This finding suggests that the heterogeneity of women with substance-use disorders has to be taken into account when developing appropriate treatment strategies.     

Resilience to Drinking Vulnerability in Women with Alcoholic Parents: The Moderating Effects of Dyadic Cohesion in Marital Communication

Data from a subsample of women (N = 4,235) in two waves of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLSY) are used to examine the relationship between parental alcoholism and alcohol use in adult life. Dyadic cohesion in marital communication (frequency of interaction and agreement on substantive issues that affect couples) is investigated as a resilience factor that could potentially mitigate adverse drinking outcomes in adult children of alcoholics (ACAs). A moderated mediation model is estimated using a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression analysis. The results indicated that an imputed transmission of risk for drinking vulnerability in women AC As, controlling for nonACA status, was effectively moderated by positive dyadic interaction.     

Physical functioning related to C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels in mid-life women

We investigated whether subclinical inflammatory markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen are related to measures of physical functioning in mid-life women.     

Screening for Alcohol Dependence and Abuse in Women: Description, Validation, and Psychometric Properties of a New Screening Instrument, SWAG, in a Population Study

In this study, we have evaluated the use of a screening instrument in the first phase of a population study of female alcoholism and alcohol problems. The instrument, called SWAG (Screening, Women, and Alcohol in Göteborg), is a 13-item questionnaire. It includes a modified version of CAGE. The study sample consisted of 3,130 women. Of these, a stratified sample of 479 were invited for interview. Validation was done against interview-based clinical diagnosis according to DSM-III-R (alcohol dependence and abuse), with additional use of medical record information. SWAG had similar sensitivity and specificity used on a population sample, as previously has been found for alcohol problem screening instruments tested in clinical settings. Positive predictive value, rarely reported in studies of other alcohol screening instruments, was 40 to 50%. With logistic regression, we developed a promising set of criteria, called SWAG-L, that had similar sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value as the longer version SWAG-1, at the same time it consisted of only four items. CAGE had considerably lower sensitivity than SWAG. SWAG can, so far, be recommended for use in epidemiological studies. It may also prove valuable in clinical settings, although that requires a different scoring method. The question, "I have/have had alcohol problems" was the single item that best predicted alcohol dependence and abuse.     

农村已婚育龄妇女STD/AIDS的患病现状及其相关知识调查

目的 了解农村已婚育龄妇女性传播疾病／艾滋病(STD／AIDS)的患病及相关知识现状，为提高妇女相关知识水平，制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法 采用分层一整群抽样的方法抽取12个行政村的已婚育龄妇女，采用统一的方法进行问卷调查、临床和实验室检查。结果 STD患病率为2．71％，确认l例艾滋病病毒感染者同时患梅毒。相关知识的知晓率为26．9％～96．9％，并发现妇女的年龄、本人和丈夫的文化程度、丈夫职业、经济收入以及是否患有STD／AIDS，是知识得分的影响因素。结论 农村已婚育龄妇女STD／AIDS的患病情况不容忽视，采取有针对性的健康教育是干预的重要措施。