Animal study on the role of serotonin in depression

1. In our series of experiments the role of serotonin in human depression was studied by using animal models of depression.

2. The results of these studies support the hypothesis that some types of human depression may be primarily due to an excessive transmission of serotonin at the synapse.     

脱水穿心莲内酯珀琥酸半酯单钾盐家兔体内药代动力学实验研究

采用紫外分光光度法测定脱水穿心莲内酯琥珀酸半酯单钾盐血药浓度,并对腹腔单剂量注射给药后家兔体内药代动力学进行了研究。用计算机对血药时间数据进行了曲线拟合。结果表明:该药腹腔注射给药在家兔体内的转运符合二室开模型动力学方程。     

急性应激性溃疡模型的实验研究

本实验观察不同时间与方法所造成的应激性溃疡的模型。结果:禁食48小时,捆绑加浸水5小时,松绑后19小时,实验鼠胃粘膜出现多数病灶深、范围大、分布广的病灶,表现为出血、糜烂和溃疡,可谓最佳模型。     

胎儿股骨长度测量判断胎儿成熟度的探讨

本文通过对131例妊娠中晚期胎儿的股骨长度(FL)、胎盘分级(PG),胎头双顶径(BPD)羊水(AF)等超声显象观测,探讨了FL对预测胎儿成熟度的价值,并分析了四者之间的相互关系,发现不同胎龄儿FL不同,FL随胎龄增加而增长,并与PG、BPD呈正相关关系,作者认为FL是判断胎儿成熟的有效指标。     

Virulence of Candida albicans mutants

Mutant strains of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans blocked in pyrimidine transport and salvage metabolism were tested for virulence in various animal models. The growth rate, germination and proteolytic enzyme production did not correlate with the virulence of the strains. However, a defect in the uridine transport system significantly decreased virulence in murine candidosis, although it had no effect in vaginal candidosis or in a Candida cyst model. It remains unclear whether this is due to the differing host defence mechanisms involved in systemic and superficial mycoses, or to the different requirements of the fungal systems for adherence and tissue invasion in the two types of infection.     

Evidence for differential effects of 8-OH-DPAT on male and female rats in the Anxiety/Defense Test Battery

The Proxemics/Activity test and the Eat/Drink test, two components of the Anxiety/Defense Test Battery, were developed to measure defensive reactions to situations associated with a natural predator (cat). In the present studies the behavioral effects of 8-OH-DPAT treatment (0.01–1.0 mg/kg, SC) were entirely consistent with anxiety/fear reduction. These effects included an increase in time spent near the cat compartment, and a complimentary decrease in time spent farthest from this compartment, together with an increase in transits and locomote behavior. 8-OH-DPAT (1.0 mg/kg) also increased eat frequencies and durations (highly preferred food) both during and following cat presentation, without influencing drinking. This finding is discussed with reference to previous findings with 8-OH-DPAT in studies assessing both food intake and anxiolysis. Interestingly, 8-OH-DPAT was more potent in a majority of its effects in female subjects, a finding consistent with recent neurochemical data. These findings provide important behavioral evidence for a sexual differentiation in 5-HT function, and support the case for greater emphasis on female subjects in animal models of anxiety.Supported by NIH MH42803 and RCMI Grants RR03061 and RR01825     

A model to predict long-term sustained response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C

Interferon therapy is used widely for chronic hepatitis C but only a minority of treated patients achieve a long-lasting sustained response. We have developed, by logistic regression, a mathematical model to estimate the probability of sustained response in an individual patient with chronic hepatitis C when treated with interferon-α (IFN-α). The model, which includes age, sex, disease duration, pretreatment serum γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase, alanine aminotransferase and virus genotype, was developed from a database of 307 patients and validated in a new set of 200 patients. It performed well as goodness-of-fit ( P = 0.71 and P = 0.15 in the development and test sample, respectively) and discrimination (area under receiver operating curve = 0.79 in the development and 0.78 in the test sample, respectively). This model may provide decision support in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C with IFN-α.     

刺梨汁对慢性氟中毒的影响及机理研究

用高氟饲料喂养大鼠６个月，复制出慢性氟中毒模型，再自由饮用刺梨汁３个月，探讨刺梨汁对慢性氟中毒的影响及机理。结果表明：刺梨汁可明显改善氟中毒的一般状况，对已形成的氟斑牙影响不大，但可促进尿氟排泄，降低血清和骨氟含量及尿羟脯氦酸含量，提高血清中维生素Ｃ、维生素Ｅ和血清、肝、肾ＧＳＨ含量，增强血、肝、肾ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ和ＳＯＤ活性，降低血清、肝和肾ＬＰＯ含量，降低尿γ－ＧＴ和血清ＧＰＴ活性及肝ＴＧ含量，提示：刺梨汁具有明显桔抗慢性氟中毒作用，其机理可能是通过促进尿氟排泄和抗氧化作用。     

Development and experimental in vivo validation of mathematical modeling of laser coagulation

Most clinical procedures using the laser are based on thermal laser-tissue interactions. The treatment often consists of inducing damage of given degree and extent by heating the tissue. The aim of this study was to develop a model called HELIOS. The ability of HELIOS to predict thermal coagulation was evaluated by comparison with in vivo experimental results. Conversion of laser light in tissue was studied using the beam-broadening model. Temperature was described by the heat conduction equation solved using the finite difference method. The tissue dena-turation was modeled by the Henriques equation leading to the determination of the damage coefficient ω. For a given set of laser and tissue parameters, HELIOS makes a graphic representation of coagulation necrosis and temperature evolution in tissue. HELIOS was validated by experimental studies in vivo on rat liver using a CW Nd:YAG laser, a CO₂ laser, and an argon laser. For given sets of laser parameters, temperature measurements were performed using an infrared camera. Histological examinations were carried out on samples to quantify the depth of coagulation necrosis. Experimental data obtained in vivo were compared with those calculated using HELIOS and similar sets of parameters. The difference between the predicted temperature evolution on tissue surface and that measured by the infrared camera was < 5°C in all cases. The difference between the predicted coagulation necrosis depth and the corresponding experimental one was < 10%. In conclusion, HELIOS allows good prediction of tissue temperature and coagulation necrosis. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, inc.     

Boundary Ambiguity in Parents With Chronically Ill Children: Integrating Theory and Research

Abstract: This article integrates theory and research related to boundary ambiguity in parents of children with a chronic health condition. We propose that boundary ambiguity is a risk factor for psychological distress in these parents. Clinical applications and a case example highlight how boundary ambiguity can be assessed and managed in clinical settings by professionals working with parents with chronically ill children. Questions are provided for assessing boundary ambiguity in clinical and research settings, and implications for research are discussed.