No child should suffer from vitamin K deficiency‐induced bleeding disorders

We encountered an 11‐day‐old male neonate with vitamin K deficiency‐induced intracranial hemorrhage, despite receiving oral vitamin K₂ (menaquinone‐4) prophylaxis according to Japanese guidelines. This case suggests that the current vitamin K deficiency‐bleeding prophylaxis programs cannot prevent bleeding completely. Better prophylaxis programs using both intramuscular and oral administration should be considered.     

高血压性脑出血术后脑缺血的相关因素及治疗

目的:回顾性分析178例高血压脑出血术后脑缺血,脑水肿的相关因素及治疗方法.方法:随机将术后5～7 d后采用扩张血管降低血液粘滞度等药物的分为一组(治疗组)共108例.另一组为术后一直未用扩管药物的病例70例(对照组).并就两组病人的术后,功能康复的等级(ADL)及住院日等进行分析.结果:术后使用扩管药物组的ADL预后分级明显好于对照组,其住院日也明显缩短.结论:高血压脑出血术后5～7 d采用扩张血管改善微循环药物,其愈后明显优于不用扩管药物.故作者主张高血压脑出血术后5～7 d采用扩管及降低血液粘滞度药物,有利于脑功能的康复.     

奥力保克防治蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的临床观察

目的探讨奥力保克对蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后脑血管痉挛（CVS）的治疗作用。方法将42例蛛网膜下腔出血住院患者随机分成两组,奥力保克组（20例）和对照组（22例）。两组均于发病48 h内接受治疗,对照组用脱水、止血等常规疗法;奥力保克组在常规疗法基础上加用奥力保克5.0 mg,3次/d,口服,共3-4周。结果1个月内,奥力保克组的CVS发生率、死亡率明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,再出血发生率两组比较无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论奥力保克防治SAH后CVS疗效确切,并能促进神经功能的尽快恢复,且无增加再出血的危险。     

奥氮平与舒必利治疗急性脑血管疾病后妄想综合征比较

目的:观察奥氮平治疗急性脑血管疾病后妄想综合征的疗效.方法:急性脑血管疾病后妄想综合征病人100例,分为2组奥氮平组50例,男性28例,女性22例,年龄(60±S11)岁,给予奥氮平2.5mg/d逐渐加至5～10㎎mg/d、PO×4周;舒必利组50例,男性26例,女性24例,年龄(62±S13)岁,给予舒必利0.3g/d逐渐加至0.4～0.6g/d、PO×4周.结果:奥氮平组和舒必利组经过4WK的治疗后总有效率分别为88%和83%(P＞0.05)、两组在2周末有效率分别为78%和26%(P＜0.05).结论:奥氮平治疗急性脑血管疾病后妄想综合征与舒必利对比显效早、药物不良反应少且轻.     

巴曲酶、尿激酶联合应用对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠颅内出血的影响

目的 探讨巴曲酶和尿激酶联合使用能否减少颅内出血并发症。方法 采用大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)线栓法模型,将大鼠随机分为对照组、假手术组、单独或联合使用巴曲酶和尿激酶组,共9组,每组15只。观察颅内出血、脑梗塞体积和神经功能缺损情况。结果 尿激酶5000U／kg组有5只颅内出血。巴曲酶5BU／kg(2h) 尿激酶5000U／kg(2h)组有4只颅内出血,巴曲酶5BU／kg(1h) 尿激酶5000U／kg(2h)组有1只颅内出血。巴曲酶5BU／kg(2h)组、巴曲酶10BU／kg(2h) 尿激酶2500U／kg(2h)组可缩小梗塞体积比。各组神经功能缺损无明显差异。结论 5000U／kg尿激酶造成颅内出血增加。单独使用巴曲酶颅内出血不增加,巴曲酶和尿激酶联合应用不增加颅内出血。     

神经内镜手术对幕上高血压性脑出血患者的疗效分析：一项单中心、回顾性、对照研究

目的：探讨神经内镜手术治疗幕上高血压性脑出血的效果。方法 ：回顾性选取2022年1月至2022 年12月我中心收治的42例幕上高血压性脑出血手术患者,以治疗方式分为神经内镜组和开颅手术组。神经内镜组患者采用神经内镜手术治疗,共22例;开颅手术组患者采用传统开颅手术,共20例。对比两组患者术后残余血肿量、术后3月mRS评分、死亡率及并发症率。结果：神经内镜组的术后残余血肿量小于15ml的患者比率77.3%（17/22）高于开颅手术组35.0%（7/20）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.022）;神经内镜组和开颅手术组的患者中,术后3个月预后良好的患者分别为14例（63.6%）和4例（20.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;开颅手术组中,1名（5.0%）患者发生了术后再出血,而神经内镜组中,1名（4.5%）患者发生了术后再出血,差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）;两组手术患者的肺部感染发生率均为100%,差异无统计学意义（P=1.000）;神经内镜组的术后死亡率13.6%（3/22）也低于开颅手术组30.0%（6/20）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论：神经内镜手术治疗可提高幕上高血压性脑出血患者的血肿清除率,降低并发症发生率及死亡率,改善患者预后。     

绝经后阴道出血196例临床分析

目的 分析引起绝经后阴道出血的病因及诊断方法.方法 对196例绝经后阴道出血患者的临床与病理资料进行回顾性分析.结果 196例患者中良性疾病占46.94%(92/196),功能性子宫出血占34.69%(68/196),恶性肿瘤占18.37%(36/196).绝经1～4年、5～9年、10～14年、≥15年恶性肿瘤发生率分别为2.53%(2/79)、9.38%(6/64)、48.39%(15/31)、59.09%(13/22).恶性肿瘤患者的发病年龄(61.28±8.76)岁,绝经时间(9.38±6.73)年,良性疾病及功能性子宫出血患者分别为(54.73±6.72)岁和(4.12±3.54)年,两者比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 绝经后阴道出血的原因以良性疾病及功能性子宫出血为主,但年龄越大、绝经时间越长,其恶性肿瘤的发生率越高.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the cause of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding and diagnostic method. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 196 patients with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding were retrospectively analyzed. Results The benign diseases accounted for 46.94% (92/196), dysfunctional uterine bleeding accounted for 34.69% (68/196), malignant tumor accounted for 18.37% (36/196).Menopausal time 1--4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, ≥ 15 years of malignant tumor incidence was 2.53%(2/79), 9.38% (6/64), 48.39% ( 15/31 ), 59.09 % (13/22). The age of onset in patients with malignant tumors was (61.28 ± 8.76) years old, menopausal time was (9.38 ±6.73) years, benign disease and dysfunctional uterine bleeding was (54.73 ± 6.72) years old and (4.12 ± 3.54) years, the differences were statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion The cause of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding bases mainlyon benign disease and dysfunctional uterine bleeding, but the older, longer menopausal time, which also increase the incidence of malignant tumors.     

新生儿颅内出血90例观察与护理

目的:探讨新生儿颅内出血(ICH)患儿的护理方法及其效果.方法:对90例新生儿颅内出血患儿进行回顾性分析,总结其护理方法及效果.结果:本组90例,治愈78例(86.7%),死亡12例(13.3%).对治愈的78例随访3个月,70例(89.7%)精神、发育、运动、智力正常.结论:认真观察新生儿颅内出血患儿的生命体征、有无惊厥、意识和精神状态、囟门、摄入情况,采取吸氧并保持呼吸道通畅、降低颅内压、保持正常体温、营养支持、并发症的治疗等治疗护理措施,可提高ICH的治愈率,降低后遗症的发生率与病死率.     

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Peripartum Hysterectomy among Iranian Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Study

BackgroundPeripartum hysterectomy (PPH) is one of the effective treatment modalities which is increasingly performed to save the life of pregnant women with uncontrollable severe postpartum hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with PPH among Iranian pregnant women.MethodsIn a retrospective study, 33 pregnant women with PPH referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Mazandaran province, northern Iran were enrolled. Data were collected using census sampling from March 2017 to 2020. Patients'' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Fisher''s exact test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate the study variables.ResultsThe prevalence of PPH among Iranian pregnant women was 2.81 per 1000 deliveries. The mean length of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) was 6.15 (SD=2.91) and 3.17 (SD=1.50) days, respectively. Of the participants, 90.9% had a cesarean section, 51.6% had emergency PPH, 88.2% had emergency PPH in 24 hours after delivery, 9.1% had an induction, and 60.6% had PPH due to placental abnormalities. The mean duration of PPH procedure was 2.51 (SD=1.14) hours. The most common post-operative complication in participants was fever. Participants with older gestational age had more elective PPH (P=0.029). The length of ICU stay was more in patients with total PPH procedure compared to the supracervical (P<0.017). The induction rate was higher in emergency PPH after vaginal delivery compared to cesarean section (P=0.005).ConclusionThis study showed a high prevalence of PPH among pregnant women. Also, there was a significant relationship between the PPH and length of ICU stay, especially after supracervical hysterectomy. The results of this study can help obstetrician-gynecologist to provide a better intervention for managing patients with postpartum hemorrhage requiring PPH.