Symptomatic perineural cyst after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: A case report

Rationale:Tarlov or perineurial cysts are nerve root lesions often found in the sacral region. Most perineural cysts (PCs) remain asymptomatic throughout a patient''s life. While their pathogenesis is still unclear, trauma resulting in hemorrhaging into subarachnoid space has been put forward as a possible cause of these cysts. Recently, we worked with a patient experiencing symptomatic PCs after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.Patient concerns:A 45-year-old man had a coil embolization procedure performed after being diagnosed with a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured anterior communicating artery. His symptoms were relieved after the procedure, but 7 days later he reported worsening pain in the left perineal area. The pain was intermittent at its onset and exacerbated by sitting, walking, and coughing.Diagnoses:Two weeks after the embolization procedure, a lumbar spine MRI revealed 2 PCs at the S1 and S2 level affecting the left S2 root with high signal intensity in T2 and T1 images, suggestive of bleeding within the cyst.Interventions:We operated using a posterior approach. Cyst fenestration was done after S1 laminectomy. We aspirated approximately 1 cc of old blood.Outcomes:His pain was relieved immediately after cyst removal and no neurologic deterioration occurred during the postoperative period.Lessons:Subarachnoid hemorrhage can be the source of the development of pain from asymptomatic PCs, making them symptomatic. Surgical extirpation is 1 treatment option for these symptomatic PCs.     

凉血通瘀方干预高血压大鼠急性脑出血模型对脑组织中差异miRNA表达的影响＊

目的 研究凉血通瘀方对高血压大鼠急性脑出血模型脑组织miRNA表达的影响，对差异表达的miRNA靶基因进行分析，探索凉血通瘀方可能的药效机制。方法 将自发性高血压大鼠随机分成对照组（B）和实验组（C）。适应性饲养一周后，C组灌胃凉血通瘀方，B组灌胃等体积生理盐水，连续5天，每天1次。构建脑出血模型后收集脑组织，借助全转录组测序技术获得miRNA表达量，与miRBase数据库比对获取已知miRNA，使用miRDeep2预测新miRNA。差异分析软件为DESeq2，筛选阈值为|log₂FC| ≥1 并且P <0.05。对显著差异表达的miRNA进行靶基因预测，对靶基因进行GO功能、KEGG通路富集和PPI网络分析。结果 实验组和对照组对比，共发现21个显著差异表达的miRNA，上调有9个，下调有12个，共预测得到1243个有统计学意义的靶基因。GO富集分析发现，生物过程中突触囊泡分泌的调节、神经递质分泌的调节和神经递质运输的调节占前三位，神经元投射终点、全膜、质膜区域和细胞投射则是主要的细胞成分。分子功能分别为小GTPase绑定、底物特异性跨膜转运蛋白活性和离子跨膜转运体活性。通路分析结果显示，靶基因在癌证通路、pI3K-Akt信号通路、人类乳头瘤病毒感染、神经活性配体-受体相互作用和MAPK通路等分布广泛。采用STRING网站和Cytoscape软件，根据MCC算法筛选出ADRA2C、CASR、CCL28、CCR1、DRD2、GNAT3、GRM2、DYNC1LI1、GABBR1、GNAI1等核心靶基因。结论 凉血通瘀方对脑出血急性期鼠脑组织内miRNA的表达有重要影响；显著差异表达miRNAs可能通过靶向核心基因调控凉血通瘀方干预急性脑出血的病理过程及预后。     

Carbetocin reduces the need for additional uterotonics in elective caesarean delivery: a systematic review,meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials

BackgroundCarbetocin has been found to be superior to oxytocin in terms of need for additional uterotonics and prevention of postpartum haemorrhage at caesarean delivery. However, this is based on combined data from labouring and non-labouring parturients and it remains unclear how effective carbetocin is in the purely elective setting. The aim of this review was to compare carbetocin to oxytocin in elective caesarean delivery.MethodsMedline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane databases were searched for randomised controlled trials in any language. The primary outcome was need for additional uterotonics. Secondary outcomes were mean blood loss, need for blood transfusion and incidence of postpartum haemorrhage >1000 mL.ResultsNine studies with a total of 1962 patients were included. Trial sequential analysis confirmed that the information size (n=1692) had surpassed that required (n=1166) in order to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in the use of additional uterotonics. Need for additional uterotonics was reduced by 53% with carbetocin compared to oxytocin (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.64; P <0.001, I²=63.5). The number needed-to-treat was 11. The risk of bias, data heterogeneity and inconsistency in reporting bleeding outcomes made it difficult to reach definite conclusions about prevention of PPH.ConclusionsCarbetocin is associated with a reduced need for additional uterotonics when compared with oxytocin at elective caesarean delivery. Standardisation of bleeding-related outcomes in studies is necessary to facilitate synthesis of data in future analyses.     

SI和DBP对女性产后出血的风险预测效果

目的考察休克指数(shock index,SI)和舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)对女性产后出血的风险预测效果。方法选取2016年1月～2018年12月在我院行产检并分娩的320例产后出血孕妇作为研究组,另外选取同期进行正常分娩的健康孕妇240例作为对照组,比较两组患者的一般临床资料、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、心率(heart rate,HR)及休克指数(shock index,SI),并采用Ordinal逻辑回归分析各参数对产后出血的风险预警。结果两组患者在年龄、孕周、BMI及新生儿体重相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而孕次相比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组产后24 h相比,研究组产后24 h患者的DBP、SBP及Hb均显著降低,而HR和SI显著升高(P0.05);与对照组产前相比,产后24 h患者的SBP、HR及SI显著降低(P0.05);与研究组产前相比,产后24 h患者的DBP、SBP、HR及Hb均显著降低,而SI显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);Ordinal逻辑回归分析结果显示,休克指数和舒张压对产后出血具有预警作用(P0.05)。结论休克指数和舒张压可作为评估女性产后出血的风险预测指标,临床应密切监护。     

扬州地区肝硬化食管静脉曲张初次出血80例患者诊治分析

目的探讨扬州地区肝硬化食管静脉曲张初次出血患者诊治特点。方法回顾性分析2010年1月-2013年12月苏北人民医院消化内科收治的80例肝硬化食管静脉曲张初次出血患者病例资料。计数资料用率或构成比表示,率的比较采用χ2检验。结果由乙型肝炎导致肝硬化所引起的食管静脉曲张破裂出血所占比例最大;三腔二囊管临床运用可最大限度地挽救患者生命,为后期治疗提供时间;基础治疗包括止血、输血、抑酸、补液等,后期以硬化剂、套扎、硬化剂+套扎、手术、经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)为主,但套扎运用最为广泛;患者出血初期各项指标变化有利于指导临床治疗,对患者预后具有良好的评估作用。结论扬州地区肝硬化引起的食管静脉曲张破裂出血病因呈现复杂交叉性,治疗方法仍需进一步完善,以达到个体化治疗水平;及时正确的救治,对提高临床疗效、降低病死率有重要意义;早期的健康体检,对疾病诊治起关键性的作用。