Evaluation of reproductive status with cervical and uterine cytology in fat-tailed sheep

The objective of this study was to describe the cytological changes in the reproductive tract of Iranian fat-tailed ewes during different stages of the reproductive cycle. Ninety-one reproductive tracts of slaughtered ewes were collected from a Shiraz slaughterhouse. Cervical mucosa was collected by gentle suction from the cervical external os using a plastic pipette and 50-ml syringe. Uterine fluid was also collected by gentle suction from the uterine body. Once the sample was taken, the swabs were rolled on a glass slide, air-dried, and stained with Giemsa. There were no significant differences between the cell cytology of the cervical mucosa and the uterine fluid smears of the ewes. However, there were significant differences in the percentage of epithelial and neutrophil cells of uterine fluid smears in tracts with a corpus luteum (CL), without a CL, pregnant, or with metritis. There were also significant differences between epithelial cells and percentage of neutrophils in the cervix and uterus in the group with a CL. Cervical cytology could be of value for the diagnosis of metritis in postpartum period and infectious abnormality of gestation period in ewes.     

Can critically timed sleep deprivation be useful in pregnancy and postpartum depressions?

Background: The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of critically timed sleep deprivation in major mood disorders (MMD) occurring during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods: Nine women who met DSM-IV criteria for a MMD with onset during pregnancy or within 1 year postpartum underwent a trial of either early-night sleep deprivation (ESD), in which they were sleep deprived in the early part of one night and slept from 03:00–07:00 h, or late-night sleep deprivation (LSD), in which they were deprived of sleep in the latter part of one night and slept from 21:00–01:00 h. Mood was assessed before the night of sleep deprivation, after the night of sleep deprivation, and after a night of recovery sleep (sleep 22:30–06:30 h) by trained clinicians, blind to treatment condition, using standardized scales. Results: More patients responded to LSD (nine of 11 trials: 82%) compared with ESD (two of six trials: 33%) and they responded more after a night of recovery sleep (nine of 11 nights: 82%) than after a night of sleep deprivation (six of 11 nights: 55%). Pregnant women were the only responders to ESD and the only nonresponders to LSD. Limitations: The small and heterogeneous sample size prevents us from making more definitive conclusions based on statistical analyses. Conclusions: Although the findings are preliminary, the results suggest that with further study, critically timed sleep deprivation interventions may benefit women with pregnancy or postpartum major mood disorders and potentially provide a viable alternative treatment modality for those women who are not candidates for pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic interventions. Such interventions are needed to help prevent the devastating effects of depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period on the mother, infant, her family and society.     

Hematological changes of dairy cows in postpartum period and early pregnancy

In this experiment, 50 postpartum healthy Holstein Frisian dairy cows were selected from a large commercial dairy farm. They had normal parturition and had no postpartum problems. The calving number of cows was one to four, and they were inseminated 60 days after parturition. There were no clinical signs of endometritis when cows were examined during routine visits for monitoring fertility. The criteria for selection were that they had a normal parturition history and had calved 25 to 30 days before. They had no mucopurulent discharge from vulva or abnormality in rectal palpation. The cows were evaluated on days 25 to 30 and days 50 to 60 postparturition. Blood samples were collected on sampling days from the coccygeal vein. Hematological parameters were measured by the routine procedures. The health of all uteruses was confirmed by the cytological evaluation of cervical mucosa smear. Cytological samples were obtained from the discharge of cervical mucus and uterine fluid. The concentration of progesterone in serum was measured by radioimmunoassay. There were significant differences in packed cell volume (PCV) between the 25–30 days postpartum, the 55–60 days postpartum, and the pregnant cows. The hematocrit level in the pregnant cows was significantly higher than that in postpartum cows (P < 0.05). The leukocyte count and hemoglobin concentration in the pregnant cows were significantly higher than that in postpartum cows in 25–30 days after parturition. The erythrocyte count in pregnant cows was significantly higher than that of postpartum cows in 55–60 days after parturition. There were significant differences in PCV and hemoglobin in 25–30 and 55–60 days after parturition with the progesterone level of >1 and <1 ng/mL. Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration in pregnant cows were, respectively, significantly higher than that in postpartum cows with different levels of progesterone (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in segmented neutrophils in the clinically healthy and affected cows by the subclinical endometritis in 25–30 days after parturition. In cows with subclinical endometritis, the percentage and absolute number of segmented neutrophils were significantly higher than in the clinically healthy cows (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between cows which get pregnant with one and two to three times artificial insemination (P > 0.05).     

卡前列甲酯栓对产后出血的影响

目的：为提高预防产后出血的临床效果,寻找一种新的更为安全高效的药物。方法：将正常足月妊娠产道分娩、非高危妊娠的１６０例,随机分为两组,观察２卡前列甲酯栓或缩宫素对产后２ｈ内出血量的影响。实验组１００例。于胎儿娩出后立刻将卡前列甲酯栓１枚（１ｍｇ）放入阴道;对照组６０例,胎儿娩出后立刻肌肉注射缩宫素１０Ｕ。结果：实验组产后２ｈ内平均出血量较对照组减少１２０,３ｍｌ（Ｐ〈０．０１）。第三产程平均时间较     

通乳散治疗产后乳胀临床分析

目的;研究解决产后乳胀的有效方法。方法：将产后乳胀的产妇,随机分为研究组与对照组,研究组采用中药外敷,对照组采用传统方法,观察治疗４８ｈ乳胀情况。结果：研究组有效率９７％。对照组为７０％,研究组治愈平均时间２５．３ｈ,对照组３７．９ｈ,两组比较均有明显差异。结论：中药外敷疗法对产后排乳不畅所致乳胀有较好疗效。     

Obstetric implications of low-lying placentas diagnosed in the second trimester.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the obstetrical outcome of pregnancies initially complicated by a low-lying placenta in the second trimester. METHODS: We reviewed the obstetric outcome of all women with singleton deliveries from 1 January 1997 to 31 March 1999 and compared the 703 women with low-lying placentas (placentas in the lower uterine segment) with the 6938 women with placentas that were normally situated in the upper uterine segment at 16-22 weeks' gestation. RESULTS: Pregnancies complicated by a low-lying placenta in the second trimester were not associated with antepartum hemorrhage, preterm births, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal growth restriction or cesarean births. However, they had a higher incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (odds ratio 1.768, 95% confidence interval 1.137, 2.748) than women with a normally situated placenta in the second trimester. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women with low-lying placentas in the second trimester have a higher incidence of postpartum hemorrhage and hence, it would be prudent to carefully manage the third stage of labor in these women.     

产后妇女骨量和骨代谢生化指标的研究

目的 探讨产后妇女骨量和骨代谢生化指标的变化，同时明确年龄、身高、体重、身体指数和月经复潮时间对骨密度变化的影响。方法 对52名健康产妇产后6个月内进行了追踪观察。用双能X线吸收测量仪分别在产后3～5d，4月初和7月初测量了腰椎正、侧位和股骨颈BMD，同时检测了血清骨钙素，ICTP，雌二醇及血钙、磷浓度。40名非产妇的BMD值作为对照。结果 哺乳妇女腰椎正位和股骨颈BMD在产后期4月初和7月初比产后3-5d升高显著，腰椎侧位BMD在产后7月初比产后4月初和产后3-5d明显升高，产后6个月内腰椎和股骨颈的BMD均升高到非产妇组水平；血清骨钙素在产后4月初和7月初比产后3-5d有明显升高，而ICTP却有明显降低；血钙在产后3个月内升高明显，而血磷在产后6个月内无明显变化，但两者都在正常范围；月经复潮时间对骨量增加有负性影响。结论 在产后6个月内哺乳妇女的骨量持续增加，达到非产妇组水平；骨转换增快，骨形成超过骨吸收；产后停经时间的延长不利于产后骨量的增加。     

产后抑郁患者的心理防御方式在心理治疗前后的变化研究

目的:研究产后抑郁患者的心理防御方式在心理治疗前后的变化。方法:采用防御方式问卷,测定产后抑郁患者(36人)在接受心理治疗前后的防御方式数据,并与正常产妇(40人)进行对照研究。数据用t检验的方法进行统计。结果:产后抑郁患者不成熟的防御方式分值显著高于正常产妇(P<0.05);产后抑郁患者在接受心理治疗后不成熟的防御方式分值下降(P<0.05)。结论:产后抑郁患者多采用不成熟的心理防御方式,心理治疗对产后抑郁具有积极的影响。     

急症子宫切除在产科大出血中的应用

目的 :分析产科子宫切除发生率 ,手术原因及其临床价值。方法 :对 2 6例急症子宫切除孕产妇的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 :2 6例产科子宫切除术手术原因依次为胎盘因素 (76 .9% )、子宫破裂 (11.5 % )、子宫收缩乏力 (7.6 % )、剖宫产切口缝合不良 (3.6 % )。结论 :胎盘因素是近年来产科急症子宫切除的主要手术指征 ,产科急症子宫切除术是一项抢救急危重出血孕产妇生命的重要措施     

预防产后出血的措施及体会

目的：探讨产后出血的预防措施及体会。方法：回顾性分析我院1995．1-1999．1（3071例）和2000．1-2009．1（3071例）两组住院产妇的临床病例资料,统计产后出血的人数和发生率等数据并进行预防措施的比较。结果：前者产后出血人数39人,发生率为0．65％。后者产后出血人数39人,发生率为0．65％。结论：恰当的预防产后出血的措施是必要而有效的。