雷莫司琼预防急诊剖宫产术中恶心呕吐的临床效果

选择急诊剖宫产手术患者206例,随机分成2组:雷莫司琼组(钳夹脐带后静脉给予雷莫司琼0.3 mg,103例),对照组(钳夹脐带后静脉给予等容量生理盐水,103例),分别观察并记录剖宫产娩出胎儿后恶心、呕吐的发生率,术中追加呕吐药的几率,低血压发生率,疼痛评分及其他不良反应发生率.雷莫司琼组患者恶心、呕吐发生率为10.7％(11例),对照组患者发生率为28.2％(29例),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),两组术中低血压比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).雷莫司琼能降低急诊剖宫产术中患者恶心呕吐发生率.     

产后失血性休克致DIC的抢救与护理1例分析

目前由产后出血引起的失血性休克在我国孕产妇死亡原因中居首位，若短时间内不能迅速止血纠正休克，会迅速发展为弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）。DIC是在原发病基础上，促凝因素导致机体微血管内广泛地生成微血栓，消耗了大量凝血因子和血小板，并伴以继发性纤溶为特征的获得性血栓--出血综合征。DIC本身并不是一个独立的疾病，而是很多疾病发病的一个中间环节和病理过程。它的主要临床症状可归纳为出血、微循环障碍、多器官功能障碍和贫血。产后一旦发生DIC，将严重威胁产妇的生命安全。但是如果能及早发现，及时治疗，尚能挽救患者的生命。因此，当发生产后大出血时要时刻警惕DIC的发生，做到早发现，早诊断，早治疗，为抢救患者生命提供有利时机。在2013年12月21日，本院成功抢救了1例因宫缩乏力致产后失血性休克进而发生弥漫性血管内凝血的产妇，并报道如下。     

加味生化汤预防血瘀型产后恶露不绝对血液流变学的影响

目的观察加味生化汤预防血瘀型产妇产后恶露不绝对血液流变学的影响。方法将经阴道分娩的血瘀型产妇120例,完全随机分为观察组、对照组、空白组,每组各40例。观察组服用自拟加味生化汤,对照组予缩宫素10 U肌内注射,空白组服用安慰剂（多维元素胶囊）。观察3组患者中医证候的改变,产后恶露不绝的发生率以及治疗前后血液流变学指标的变化。结果观察组中医证候的总有效率为95.0%,对照组、空白组分别为75.0%、82.5%,观察组与其余两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,对照组与空白组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;观察组、对照组、空白组产后恶露不绝的发生率分别为15.0%、32.5%、35.0%,观察组产后恶露不绝的发生率明显低于对照组、空白组（P〈0.05）,对照组与空白组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;观察组血液流变学各项指标与治疗前比较明显改善（P〈0.05）,与其余两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论加味生化汤能有效预防血瘀型产妇产后恶露不绝的发生,能明显改善其血液流变学各项指标,值得临床推广。     

Knowledge,attitudes, and practices regarding seasonal influenza vaccination during pregnancy in Costa Rica: A mixed-methods study

BackgroundInfluenza increases stillbirth risk, morbidity and mortality in pregnant women. Vaccination protects pregnant women against severe disease and indirectly protects their infants, but coverage among pregnant women remains low worldwide. We aimed to describe knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding seasonal influenza vaccination among postpartum women and prenatal care physicians in Costa Rica.MethodsWe conducted cross-sectional KAP surveys to women one to three days after childbirth at Costa Rican Social Security Fund maternity hospitals, and obstetricians and general practitioners who provided prenatal care in 2017. Principal components analysis, multiple imputation, and logistic regression were used to examine associations between influenza vaccination and demographics, prenatal care, and sources of information—separately for postpartum women and physicians. We also held two focus groups of six healthcare workers each to further describe vaccination KAP.ResultsWe surveyed 642 postpartum women and 146 physicians in maternity hospitals in five Costa Rican provinces of whom 85.5 % (95 % CI: 82.6 %-88.0 %) and 57.9 % (95 % CI: 49.6 %-65.7 %) were vaccinated for influenza, respectively. Factors associated with influenza vaccination for postpartum women included tetanus vaccination (aOR: 3.62, 95 % CI: 1.89–6.92); received vaccination recommendations from clinicians during prenatal check-ups (aOR: 3.39, 95 % CI: 2.06–5.59); had other children in household vaccinated for influenza (aOR: 2.25, 95 % CI: 1.08–4.68); and secondary/university education (aOR: 0.15–0.31) with no formal education as reference. For postpartum women, reasons for vaccination were perceived benefits for mother and infant, whereas not being offered vaccines was most cited for non-vaccination. Most prenatal care physicians recommended influenza vaccines during prenatal check-ups but believed vaccination causes flu-like symptoms.ConclusionVaccination campaigns and provisions of free vaccines effectively increased knowledge and coverage among women in Costa Rica. To improve access, women should be offered vaccines during prenatal care appointments. Educating healthcare workers about vaccine benefits for themselves and patients is needed to mitigate safety concerns.     

Postpartum cerebral angiopathy presenting with non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Parturition increases the risk of strokes of various types, including postpartum cerebral angiopathy (PCA), which is characterized by reversible multifocal vasoconstriction of the cerebral arteries. We describe an unusual presentation of PCA associated with postpartum non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A 31-year-old multiparous woman complained of sudden headache 3 hours after an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. She had no history of pregnancy-induced hypertension. SAH was found over the bilateral frontoparietal convexities with multifocal vasculopathy. Her symptoms resolved completely within 1 week. The findings of a follow-up neurological examination, cerebral angiography, and brain MRI were normal after 2 months. PCA syndrome may be associated with postpartum non-aneurysmal SAH.     

492例臀位分娩临床分析

目的探讨臀位分娩的合理方式。方法回顾分析笔者所在医院2005年1月～2008年1月492例臀位分娩情况。结果 310例臀位阴道分娩与182例剖宫产新生儿窒息率和新生儿骨折率相比较差异无统计学意义（x2=0.23,P〉0.05）,两种分娩方式的产后出血率相比较差异有统计学意义（x2=4.73,P〈0.05）。结论臀位分娩有选择性的行阴道臀牵引助产分娩,并不会增加母儿的并发症,可以降低剖宫产率。