1142例胃癌切除术围手术期死亡因素分析

目的研究影响胃癌围手术期死亡的主要因素,为指导选择合理的切除范围和手术方式提供依据。方法回顾1989年1月至2004年3月胃癌手术后1142例患者的临床资料,按照不同年代分为3组,第1组:1989年1月至1994年1月,405例;第2组:1994年2月至1999年1月,377例;第3组:1999年2月至2004年3月,360例。比较3组间的围手术期死亡率,采用Logistic多因素回归分析研究影响手术死亡率的危险因素。结果全组患者术后并发症发生率和死亡率分别为11.2%(128/1142)和3.6%(41/1142)。第1、2、3组的术后并发症发生率依次为13.1%、10.1%和10.3%;3组比较,P>0.05。3组手术死亡率依次为4.7%、3.4%和2.5%,3组比较,P>0.05。术后最常见的并发症是吻合口瘘(24.2%,31/128),影响手术死亡的主要因素为临床Ⅳ期、姑息性切除术、联合脏器切除及术前合并症的存在(P<0.05)。Logistic多元回归分析显示淋巴结的清除范围和手术方式不是影响手术死亡的主要因素(P>0.05)。结论胃癌晚期患者手术死亡率高,对胃癌Ⅳ期患者行姑息性切除手术时应避免施行不必要的淋巴结清除及联合脏器切除术。     

Significance of beaten copper appearance on skull radiographs in children with isolated sagittal synostosis

Aims and Objectives The significance of beaten copper appearance (BCA) on skull radiographs in children following surgery for isolated sagittal craniosynostosis has not been studied. This study was designed to look for any correlation between BCA and symptoms suggestive of intracranial hypertension in this group of patients. Materials and Methods Forty-eight consecutive children, who were operated for isolated sagittal synostosis from1987 to 2000 and had postoperative skull radiographs, were included. Patients were divided into: (a) BCA group (n = 20), consisting of children who had beaten copper appearance on skull radiographs at last follow up, and (b) Non-BCA group (n = 28), consisting of children who did not have this finding. Records were reviewed to look for symptoms suggestive of intracranial hypertension, such as headache, head banging, and irritability. Results Median age at surgery was 4.8 months for BCA group and 4 months for the non-BCA group. Follow up ranged from 4 to 156 months with a mean of 36.2 months. Total of 28.6% (n = 6) of the children with follow up radiographs done at ≤18 months of age had BCA. The incidence of BCA increased to 83.3% in children with skull radiographs performed after 48 months of age. In 18 (90%) children, the BCA was ‘diffuse’ with 5 (25%) children having the maximum possible score of 8. In the BCA group, 45% (n = 9) had symptoms compared to 10.7% (n = 3) in the control group (p = 0.0068). Conclusions This study suggests a significant number of children with BCA on radiographs develop symptoms suggestive of raised ICP following surgical treatment in infancy and prolonged follow up may be warranted in this group of patients.     

应用MRCP对63例肝移植术后胆道并发症的临床分析

目的评价MRCP在诊断原位肝移植术后胆道并发症中的临床应用价值。方法分析63例肝移植术后怀疑有胆道并发症患者的MRCP图像,并与手术、胆道造影、临床随访证实结果进行对照。所有病例均在高场强1.5T磁共振上进行。MRCP采用两种不同的成像方法:厚层块T2加权成像和薄层块多层T2加权成像。结果MRCP诊断移植术后胆道并发症的敏感性为95.3%(41/43),阳性预测值97.6(41/42),假阴性率为4.54%(2/44),假阳性率为2.27%(1/44)。总诊断准确率为95.2%(60/63)。MRCP作为唯一的诊断方法能为96.8%(61/63)的患者提供特异性诊断结果,仅2例患者需要ERCP和PTHC检查3.2%(2/63)。直接胆道造影作为一项治疗手段应用于22.2%(14/63)的患者中。结论MRCP是评价肝移植术后胆道并发症的有效影像学方法。     

盐酸托烷思琼预防脑动脉瘤栓塞术后恶心呕吐的观察

目的:观察盐酸托烷思琼对预防脑动脉瘤栓塞术患者术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的有效性和安全性。方法:选择行颅内动脉瘤栓塞术患者45例,随机分为3组,每组15例,于手术结束前30分钟A组患者缓慢静注盐酸托烷思琼5mg,B组患者缓慢静注盐酸托烷思琼3mg,C组患者给予生理盐水。术后观察并记录以下指标:(1)术后24h内恶心呕吐发生率及强度;(2)术后2、8h镇静评分(OAA/S);(3)术后2、8h平均动脉压(MAP),心率(HR);(4)各组不良反应的发生情况。结果:术后24h内两治疗组恶心呕吐发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。托烷思琼5mg组恶心呕吐发生率略低于3mg组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:托烷思琼可降低脑动脉瘤栓塞术患者术后恶心呕吐的发生率。托烷思琼3mg不仅可以减少药物用量,而且能减少副作用的发生,是一种经济、有效、安全的止吐方法。     

Postoperative analgesia: pain by choice? The influence of patient attitudes and patient education

Postoperative pain control can be unsatisfactory for a variety of reasons, including patients' attitudes towards pain treatment itself. To assess patients' expectations and their influence on postoperative analgesia, as well as the prevalence of pain following common gynaecological surgery, a prospective study was performed in 166 patients with either adbominal hysterectomy, mastectomy, laparoscopy or uterine curettage. After a first postoperative period with routine on-demand analgesia, a nurse specialised in pain treatment discussed the purposes and risks of pain treatment with the patients and cared for these patients in the second, subsequent study period. Following this discussion, 30 of 40 patients refusing analgesics in the first study period agreed to be given pain medication. In the groups with hysterectomy or mastectomy, pain control improved in the second postoperative period, even though the doses of analgesics administered were generally lower. Education of patients regarding the aims and risks of pain therapy is an essential part of pain control and can lead to an improvement of postoperative analgesia.     

腹部手术后并发下肢深静脉血栓16例分析

目的　探讨腹部手术后并发下肢深静脉血栓形成 (DVT)的原因、诊治要点和预防措施。方法　回顾性分析 1 6例腹部手术后并发DVT病人的临床特点及诊断、治疗方法。结果　发生DVT的高危因素是复合创伤、恶性肿瘤、血粘度增高、老年病人、合并高血压病、糖尿病及术后常规应用止血药等。本组 1 6例均治愈 ,无一例发生肺栓塞等严重后果。结论　腹部手术后并发DVT者要积极早期治疗 ,对发生DVT的高危人群术前、术后应采取预防措施     

Newer aspects of antiarrhythmic drug development: Introduction

Although cardiac arrhythmias remain a serious clinical problem in many patients with heart disease, the exact role of antiarrhythmic drug therapy is currently under intense evaluation. Within the last several years it has become clear that there are significant risks as well as potential benefits associated with existing agents. Ongoing studies in large patient populations should help determine the benefit/risk ratio of traditional therapy. Regardless of the outcome of these trials, current electrophysiological dogma will have to be re-evaluated and newer concepts evolve for drug development to make further progress. The goal of this symposium is to exchange information among basic and clinical investigators so as to facilitate the emergence of novel electrophysiological concepts that will form the basis for future generations of antiarrhythmic drugs.     

嗜铬细胞瘤患者围手术期处理的改进

目的：探讨提高嗜铬细胞瘤患者围手术期安全性的措施。方法：对15例嗜铬细胞瘤患者、术前采用选择性α1受体阻滞剂多沙唑嗪控释片(可多华)控制高血压；11例患者采用3D DCEMRA进行肿瘤定位；术中均采用联合高容量血液稀释(AHH)和术中患者自体血回输纠正血容量。结果：除1例持续性高血压患者需联合钙离子拮抗剂和ACEI药物降压外．其余患者血压控制均为满意；根据3D DCEMRA定位选择手术径路者均顺利完成手术；AHH联合术中自体血回输使14例患者避免了异体输血。结论：本文围手术期处理改进．可多华可明显减少药物的不良反应；采用3D DCEMRA进行肿瘤定位，可增加手术安全性；AHH联合术中自体血回输可减少医疗成本和异体输血，以及由此而引起的并发症。     

Exteroceptive suppression periods in jaw-closing muscles. Variability and relation to experimental pain and sustained muscle contraction

The duration of the late exteroceptive suppression period (ES₂) of temporal muscle EMG activity has been reported to be reduced in patients suffering from chronic tension-type headache. Methods of recording and analysing ES₂ have varied between centers and reproducibility of results within subjects , although insufficiently studied, has generally been poor. ES₂ was investigated in 30 healthy subjects, using a computerized technique of recording, rectifying and averaging the EMG signals. Hour to hour and week to week variations of ES₂ durations were calculated, and the influence of pain during a cold pressor test and of sustained muscle contraction on ES₂ durations was investigated. The intra-individual variation of ES₂ durations was 16.0% from hour to hour and 20.7% from week to week. The inter-individual variation was 36.7%. The present method for analysis of ES₂ periods proved to be reliable, as the intra-observer variation was 4.2% and the inter-observer variation 4.6%. ES₂ periods were significantly shorter on the first compared to the second day of examination ( p = 0.006) and during experimental pain ( p = 0.0005). We recommend the use of the computerized averaging technique in future studies and caution against the dependence of results upon factors such as conditioning and pain.