5例胸腰段脊柱前路手术并发症分析

目的：分析胸腰段脊柱前路手术入路并发症，以提高胸腰段脊柱前路手术的水平，方法：对近4年来我科53例胸腰段脊柱前路手术出现的5例并发症进行回顾性分析，探讨并发症发生的原因。结果；本组病例1例发生腹膜后乳糜液漏，1例切口疝，1例气胸，2例深静脉血栓栓塞，经过积极治疗，全部治愈。结论：胸腰段脊柱前路手术并发症的发生大多数和术者对该段解剖知识，手术操作，认识程度和经验有关，可以避免或及早发现。     

Specific selection of osteosynthetic material in the treatment of thoracic or lumbar spinal injuries by the posterior approach

Summary The authors report 165 cases of thoraco-lumbar lesions with neurological dysfunction. All the patient were operated. They analyze the neurological and mechanical results and indicate the use of different osteosynthesis apparatus according to the type and level of lesions.Harrington's rods seem to give more precise repositioning while Roy Camille's plates give more stability. When the posterior wall of the spinal canal is intact, Kempf's compression rods can be used.Thoraxic spine injuries seem to be an indication for Harrington's rods, while lumbar injuries seem to call for Camille's plates.     

Counterfactual (‘if only’) thinking in women with chronic widespread pain

The study explored the counterfactual thinking that women with chronic and widespread pain showed in response to what they themselves considered to be particularly stressful situations. Counterfactual thinking in 125 women sick‐listed due to chronic and widespread pain was investigated in terms of structure, function and control focus. The women were asked, for each of three types of problems that they indicated in a questionnaire to affect them most strongly, to describe a typical occurrence of it and to complete a counterfactual sentence in connection with it of the type ‘If only . . .’. The majority of counterfactuals pertained to predominantly somatic problems (e.g. musculo‐skeletal problems, pain and fatigue) classified as being affective rather than preparative and self‐focused rather than external, whereas in counterfactuals relating to predominantly psychological/psychosocial problems a preparative function and an external focus were more prominent. The numbers of problems listed and the numbers of situations responded to counterfactually were positively correlated. The counterfactuals, although often related to somatic problems, generally concerned psychological or psychosocial matters such as finances and paid or unpaid work. A contextual approach to elucidating counterfactual thinking based on subjects' own experiences is seen as providing valuable insight into what bothers them most. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

扩大经鼻蝶入路海绵窦的内镜解剖研究

目的通过对扩大经鼻蝶窦入路的内镜解剖学研究,为临床应用提供形态学基础.方法在10具动脉灌注染料的成人尸头上模拟扩大经鼻蝶窦手术入路,测量海绵窦内重要结构与鞍底的距离.结果扩大经鼻蝶手术入路可清晰显示鞍底的骨膜、硬脑膜外层、海绵窦内侧壁,及海绵窦内的颈内动脉及其分支血管、动眼神经、滑车神经、展神经及视神经等结构.结论内镜下行扩大经鼻蝶手术入路可清晰显露海绵窦及其内的解剖结构,适用于鞍内病变侵犯海绵窦的外科治疗.     

Elective laparoscopic-assisted colectomy for sigmoid diverticulitis.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid colectomy for diverticulitis and to assess its postoperative advantages. METHODS: From 1999 to 2001, 5 patients were selectively operated on with a laparoscopic-assisted procedure for uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulitis. In the preceding period (September 1997 through December 1998), 4 patients underwent open procedures for the same pathology. The surgical indication with the same criteria was restrictive: at least 2 acute episodes had occurred that were treated with hospital admission and that were separated by an adequate period (2 months) of medical therapy. RESULTS: No conversions of laparoscopy to an open procedure were necessary. Age, sex, weight, morbidity, and mortality were similar between the 2 groups. Operative time was 180 minutes for laparoscopy and 120 minutes for laparotomy. Postoperative resumption of peristalsis was 24 hours versus 4 days, resumption of alimentation was on the second postoperative day versus the fifth postoperative day, and hospital stay was 7 days versus 12 days for laparoscopy and laparotomy, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study shows the feasibility and the advantages of elective laparoscopic-assisted colonic resection for uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulitis. The advantages of the laparoscopic approach are the lower need for analgesics and the more precocious ambulation, canalization, resumption of alimentation, and the shorter hospital stay.     

Greater curve approach for laparoscopic gastric bypass: total stapler gastrojejunostomy

BACKGROUND: Gastric bypass is an established bariatric procedure that has undergone multiple modifications to improve its effectiveness. The side-to-side stapled technique is well recognized, but closure of the gastrotomy/enterotomy by the stapler can potentially narrow the Roux limb. Because of this, many surgeons will hand suture the closure of the gastrotomy/enterotomy. To obviate this difficulty, we inserted the linear stapler from the stomach's greater curvature, using a double-stapled anastomosis that minimized the need for hand suturing. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 307 patients undergoing this technique for laparoscopic gastric bypass. The weight loss and 30-day morbidity and mortality were tabulated and compared with those in other published series. RESULTS: Of the 307 patients, none died postoperatively. The overall 30-day morbidity rate was 15%. Two leaks from the gastrojejunostomy and 2 from the jejunojejunostomy (1.2%) developed. The mean percentage of excess weight loss was 34% at 3 months, 52% at 6 months, 73% at 1 year, 71% at 2 years, and 69% at 3 years. CONCLUSION: The greater curve approach avoids Roux limb obstruction, minimizes the need for hand suturing, and uses standard trocar incisions. Our short-term follow-up results are similar to those of series of other techniques.     

用颈长肌重建预防颈前路植骨块滑脱的临床应用

目的:探讨颈长肌重建对颈椎前路手术并发症的预防作用。方法:将颈椎病确诊病例分为实验组126例和对照组128例。对照组病例采用颈椎前路减压、植骨和/或钢板内固定术。实验组病例在完成上述手术之后,利用两种方法使颈长肌瓣重建植骨块或钢板表面。两组病例术后均获得随访,并将两组术后疗效及手术并发症的随访结果进行统计学分析。结果:两组术后随访0.5~6年,平均3.5年。根据Odom评分标准,对两组术后临床疗效进行评价,经统计学分析,P>0.05,说明两组术后疗效无明显差异。而对两组病例术后并发症的统计学分析,P<0.05,两组有统计学意义,表明颈长肌重建可以减少术后并发症的发生。结论:颈长肌重建是预防颈椎前路手术并发症的一种有效方法。     

Laparoscopic Medial-to-lateral Colon Dissection: How and Why

Laparoscopic colectomy is a difficult procedure with a long learning curve. We describe in this study our technique for right- and left-sided laparoscopic medial-to-lateral colectomy. The medial approach involves division of the vascular pedicle first, followed by mobilization of the mesentery toward the abdominal wall, and finally freeing of the colon along the white line of Toldt. This approach allows immediate identification of the plane between the mesocolon and the retroperitoneum and renders the dissection fast and safe. Our series of 50 consecutive laparoscopic colectomies supports this concept. We believe that surgeons familiar with this technique will have an important tool in their armamentarium to circumvent some of the challenges of laparoscopic colectomy.     

两种单静脉法与传统Amplatzer法治疗动脉导管未闭

目的探讨两种单静脉入路法和动静脉双入路法治疗PDA各自的优缺点及最佳适应症,为PDA患者选择合理介入治疗方法提供依据。方法103例PDA患者经三种不同介入方法治疗,其中单静脉入路超声法37例,单静脉入路造影法14例,动静脉双入路法52例。PDA的位置、形态、大小经不同方法观察,单静脉超声法经超声观察,单静脉造影法在PDA内或降主动脉近PDA口外造影观察,动静脉双入路在主动脉弓降部侧位造影观察。选择合适型号的Amplatzer伞经股静脉建立的轨道进行封堵。术后15 min经胸超声及心脏听诊判断有无分流。术前、术后均行血流动力学测定,术后3 d、1个月复查超声心动图,观察大动脉水平有无分流及动脉导管未闭再通。结果103例患者全部一次封堵成功,技术成功率100%。术中操作平均透视时间(10.45±4.35)min,心导管检查测肺动脉收缩压由术前轻度增高[(33.2±3.11)mmHg]降为正常[(22.03±5.3)mmHg]。术后即刻所有患者心前区双期连续性杂音消失,术后无残余分流,无任何并发症发生,随访1个月未发生动脉水平分流及动脉导管再通。结论单静脉入路Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭简化了手术程序,不用或减少造影剂用量,缩短了操作透视时间,手术成功率高,疗效可靠,值得推广应用。     

Ⅰ期前后路联合手术治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位

[目的]探讨Ⅰ期前后路联合手术固定在严重下颈椎骨折脱位中的临床疗效和应用价值。[方法]采用颈椎前路钢板和后路侧块钉棒Ⅰ期联合复位内固定技术治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位27例,手术均在颅骨牵引下经鼻腔气管插管全身麻醉下进行,先采用俯卧位,植入侧块螺钉、减压、复位后,植入棒,运用“弓弦原理”,采用CD旋棒技术恢复颈椎的序列,维持并稍加大颈椎在矢状面上的生理前凸,植骨融合后拆除颅骨牵引置仰卧位,行前路椎体复位、减压、植骨及自锁钛板固定。术后定期复查X线片以观察损伤节段的稳定性和融合率,以Frankel分级判定脊髓功能的恢复情况。[结果]术后27例全部获得随访,随访6~27个月,平均11.6个月。脱位均完全复位,无植骨不融合。损伤节段稳定,颈椎椎间高度及生理曲度都得到良好重建及维持,未出现内固定断裂、松动及脱出,无血管、神经、食道损伤等并发症。除5例A级、2例B级脊髓功能无恢复,Frankel分级无变化外,其余Frankel分级平均提高1.8级,其中5例患者达到E级。[结论]颈椎Ⅰ期前后路联合手术固定治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位,完全恢复颈椎序列,复位良好,椎管前后方压迫得到彻底解除,损伤节段术后获得即刻稳定,方便术后护理和功能锻炼,有利于脊髓功能恢复,为一积极有效的方法。