积极注意偏向对于创伤后成长的影响:心理韧性的中介作用

目的:探讨积极注意偏向与创伤后成长的关系,以及心理韧性的中介作用。方法:采用随机取样的方法,对266名唐山大地震幸存者进行问卷测试,施测问卷有创伤后成长问卷、心理韧性量表、积极注意偏向量表以及一般人口学资料量表等;采用SPSS 19.0对所得数据进行分析处理。结果:积极注意偏向、心理韧性以及创伤后成长的4个维度以及总分之间存在显著相关(r=0.26~0.46,P0.001);心理韧性在积极注意偏向与创伤后成长之间具有部分中介作用。结论:积极注意偏向可以直接影响创伤后成长,也可以通过心理韧性影响创伤后成长。     

大学生生命愿景与积极生活事件的关系:积极心理品质的中介作用

目的:探讨大学生群体生命愿景与积极生活事件的关系以及积极心理品质在其中的中介作用机制。方法:采用生命愿景量表、积极心理品质调查问卷和自编的大学生生活事件量表对全国1890名大学生进行调查。结果:(1)大学生生命愿景与积极生活事件呈正相关(r=0.059,P0.05),与积极心理品质呈正相关(r=0.185,P0.001)。大学生积极生活事件与积极心理品质呈正相关(r=0.561,P0.001);(2)大学生生命愿景中的积极生命意义、意义的追寻因子对积极生活事件具有正向预测作用,生命控制感和消极生命意义对积极生活事件具有负向预测作用;大学生积极心理品质对积极生活事件具有正向预测作用。结论:积极心理品质在大学生生命愿景和积极生活事件之间起到部分中介作用。     

怀旧疗法对帕金森病患者配偶照顾负担及积极体验的影响

目的:探讨怀旧疗法对帕金森病患者配偶照顾负担及积极体验的影响。方法:将62例帕金森病患者配偶随机分为对照组(n=31)和干预组(n=31),对照组接受常规健康教育,干预组在此基础上实施为期8周的怀旧疗法,干预前后分别采用照顾者负担量表(CBI)和照顾者积极感受量表(PAC)进行评定。结果:干预后,干预组帕金森病患者配偶负担显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=25.04,P0.01);积极体验得分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=-9.67,P0.01)。结论:怀旧疗法可降低帕金森病患者配偶的照顾负担,增加其积极体验,提高其心理健康水平。     

Positive emotion regulation in emotional disorders: A theoretical review

Conceptualizations of emotion regulation have led to the identification of cognitive and behavioral regulatory abnormalities that contribute to the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. However, existing research on emotion regulation in anxiety and mood disorders has primarily focused on the regulation of negative emotions rather than positive emotions. Recent findings indicate that disturbances in positive emotion regulation occur across emotional disorders, and may be a generative target for treatment research. The aims of this paper are to: 1. Present a transdiagnostic model of positive emotion disturbances in emotional disorders; 2. Review evidence for disturbances in positive emotion regulation in emotional disorders across categories of emotion regulation; and 3. Propose treatment strategies that may address these disturbances.     

Positive affect dimensions and their association with inflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic heart failure

Background

In cardiac patients positive affect has found to be associated with improved clinical outcomes, with reduced inflammation being one of the potential mechanisms responsible.

Methods

Positive affect was assessed using The Global Mood Scale (GMS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patient with chronic heart failure (N = 210; 67 ± 9 years, 79% men). Markers of inflammation (TNFα, sTNFr1, sTNFr2, IL-6 and CRP) were measured and averaged at three consecutive time points.

Results

The positive affect dimensions of the GMS and PANAS were significantly associated with lower averaged levels of sTNFr2, TNFα and IL-6 (p < .1), even after adjustment for clinical and lifestyle confounders. Positive affect of the HADS was significantly associated with lower averaged levels of hsCRP (p < .1), but was no longer significant after correction for lifestyle confounders and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Positive affect is associated with reduced inflammation in patients with heart failure.     

信访干部工作满意度、幸福感、积极情绪及心理健康

目的探讨信访干部工作满意度、幸福感、积极情绪、心理健康的现状及其之间关系。方法方便选取陕西省部分城市信访干部191名,对其施测工作满意度、总体幸福感、情绪量表与SCL-90量表。结果①信访干部的工作满意度较高,幸福感较低,积极情绪和消极情绪体验较少,心理健康状况较好;②信访干部的心理健康与工作满意度(r=-0.668,P>0.01)、幸福感(r=-0.298,P<0.01)呈显著负相关,与消极情绪呈显著正相关(r=0.769,P<0.01);工作满意度、消极情绪对心理健康的回归效应显著(t=-5.309,10.175,P=0.000);③工作满意度是幸福感的主要影响变量(β=0.50,P=0.000)。结论消极情绪和工作满意度是影响信访干部心理健康与幸福感的重要因素。     

Genomic DNA of MCF-7 breast cancer cells not an ideal choice as positive control for PCR amplification based detection of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus-Like Sequences

The identification of the etiology of breast cancer is a crucial research issue for the development of an effective preventive and treatment strategies. Researchers are exploring the possible involvement of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) in causing human breast cancer. Hence, it becomes very important to use a consistent positive control agent in PCR amplification based detection of MMTV-Like Sequence (MMTV-LS) in human breast cancer for accurate and reproducible results. This study was done to investigate the feasibility of using genomic DNA of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to detect MMTV-LS using PCR amplification based detection. MMTV env and SAG gene located at the 3′ long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences were targeted for the PCR based detection. No amplification was observed in case of the genomic DNA of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. However, the 2.7 kb DNA fragment comprising MMTV env and SAG LTR sequences yielded the products of desired size. From these results it can be concluded that Genomic DNA of MCF-7 cell is not a suitable choice as positive control for PCR or RT-PCR based detection of MMTV-LS. It is also suggested that plasmids containing the cloned genes or sequences of MMTV be used as positive control for detection of MMTV-LS.     

A new method for histamine release from purified peripheral blood basophils using monoclonal antibody-coated magnetic beads

A new method for evaluating histamine release from purified basophils was developed. Basophil-containing leukocytes were directly purified from a small amount of peripheral blood using monoclonal antibody BA312-coated magnetic beads. The purified basophils still rosetted to magnetic beads maintained a normal response to anti-IgE and to dust mite allergen in comparison with the conventional method using washed leukocytes. This methodology facilitates the purification of basophils, anti-IgE- and allergen-induced histamine release, and subsequent histamine determination within only 3 h. The released histamine was analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a characteristic detection profile. Since all steps were performed in 96-well microplates, many clinical samples could be analyzed at the same time, permitting easy applications in routine laboratories.     

革兰阴性菌引起的血培养阳性标本的直接鉴定药敏试验

目的 为进一步缩短实验室菌血症诊断时间,评估联合法阳性血培养直接鉴定药敏试验的可行性.方法 将血培养瓶放人BACTEC 9000血培养系统进行培养筛选.选取65份含革兰阴性杆菌的阳性血培养瓶进行试验.抽取培养液,用BD真空分离管离心分离血细胞.在收集到足量菌液后,用Phoenix 100 NMIC/ID-4革兰阴性菌鉴定药敏卡做0.25 McF和0.5 McF直接鉴定药敏试验.用标准方法及哑培养后的鉴定药敏试验对直接鉴定药敏试验进行评估.结果 0.25 McF直接鉴定试验,65株中的63株(96.9%)准确鉴定.0.5 MeF直接鉴定试验,65株中的59株(90.8%)准确鉴定.0.25 McF直接药敏试验标准符合率97.8%以上.0.5 McF直接药敏试验标准符合率95.9%以上.KB法血标本直接药敏试验标准符合率96.4%以上,但微小错误率高于联合药敏法.结论 采用0.25 McF、0.5 McF两种菌液浓度法进行血培养阳性标本鉴定药敏试验是切实可行的.联合法0.25 McF菌液浓度的直接鉴定药敏试验具有明显优势,对临床具有很好的及时、有效地指引作用.

Abstract：

Objective To reduce the turnaround time for laboratory diagnosis of bacteremia, the feasibility of rapid identification and susceptibility testing using samples taken directly from positive blood culture bottles was evaluated. Methods The growth of microorganisms in blood culture bottles was screened by the BACTEC 9000 blood culture system. 65 positive blood culture bottles containing gram-negative bacteria were adopted to test. Culture fluid was injected into BD SST vacutainer and centrifuged to pellet blood cells. After collecting required McFarland units, they were cultured on Phoenix 100 NMIC/ID-4(identification-gram-negative bacteria and susceptibility testing) cards using 0.25 McF and 0.5 McF methods respectively. They were also evaluated by the standard method, involving subculture tests from positive blood culture bottles. Results 63 of 65 gram-negative bacteria (96. 9% ) were correctly identified with 0. 25 McF method. 59 of 65 gram-negative bacteria(90.8% ) were correctly identified with 0.5 McF method. For antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the 0.25 McF direct method had an agreement rate more than 94% , the 0.5 McF method was more than 85.7% and direct blood sample KB method was more than 93.8% compared to the standard method. But the overall minor error rate in susceptibility testing of direct blood sample KB method is higher than other methods. Conclusion Applying 0. 25 McF and 0. 5 McF rapid identification and susceptibility test was practical. During to possessing more prominent advantages, laboratory put the 0. 25 McF direct method into practice had a timely, remarkable significance.     

积极独处及其心理学意义

本文在总结前人研究的基础上提出了积极独处这个概念。积极独处是一种人格特征,指个体在拥有良好的人际交往的同时,也喜欢为自己保留一些时间独处的行为倾向。积极独处与孤僻和社交回避不同,它是个体一种有目的的主动选择并且伴有积极的情感体验。