食管鳞癌瘤周微脉管生成与淋巴结转移的相关性研究

目的:探讨微淋巴管密度、微血管密度与食管鳞癌淋巴结肿瘤转移的关系。方法:选取早期食管鳞癌病理标本,以Podoplanin单克隆抗体标记淋巴管、CD34标记微血管,采用免疫组化SP法检测早期食管鳞癌瘤周微淋巴管密度、微血管密度。对比瘤周微淋巴管密度、微血管密度,确定其与肿瘤淋巴结转移的相关性。结果:食管鳞癌癌周存在微淋巴管及微血管生成,食管鳞状细胞癌淋巴结有转移组和淋巴结无转移组瘤周淋巴管密度及微血管密度有显著性差异。结论:瘤周淋巴管密度与肿瘤淋巴结转移相关,食管鳞癌瘤周淋巴管密度检测可作为判断食管癌淋巴结转移的辅助指标。     

VEGFR-3、podoplanin和CD34标记阳性脉管在宫颈癌中的表达及意义

目的:研究VEGFR-3、podoplanin和CD34标记的阳性脉管在宫颈癌组织中表达的特点,分析其与肿瘤临床病理特点之间的关系。方法:采用双标及单标免疫组化方法检测58例宫颈鳞癌组织VEGFR-3、podoplanin和CD34标记阳性脉管的密度。结果:癌灶边缘组织VEGFR-3和podoplanin阳性脉管密度显著高于癌组织(P<0.05),也显著高于对照组宫颈组织(P<0.05);癌灶边缘组织和癌组织CD34阳性脉管密度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均高于对照组宫颈组织(P<0.05)。Ⅱa期组癌灶边缘组织VEGFR-3、podoplanin和CD34阳性脉管密度分别为17.46±2.65、14.36±1.21、17.98±4.13显著高于Ⅰb期组的13.52±1.23、10.58±3.25、13.75±3.38(P<0.05);淋巴结转移组癌灶边缘组织VEGFR-3和podoplanin阳性脉管密度18.68±0.89和14.67±3.72显著高于无淋巴结转移组11.45±3.56和10.77±2.65(P<0.05),CD34阳性脉管密度在两组中表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:宫颈癌VEGFR-3、podoplanin和CD34表达与肿瘤临床分期有关,癌灶边缘组织VEGFR-3和podoplanin高表达与淋巴结转移亦密切相关,podoplanin有望成为宫颈癌淋巴结转移预后的一种可靠标志物。     

E-钙黏蛋白、β-连环蛋白和Podoplanin在人食管鳞癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）及β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）在人食管癌进展过程中的表达及作用。方法取-临床手术切除的50例食管癌组织，用免疫组化方法检测食管癌中E-cadherin、β-catenin及Podoplanin的表达情况。结果E-cadherin与β-catenin主要表达于癌细胞，表达率随食管癌的发生、进展而降低，Podoplanin只表达于淋巴管，食管癌组织周边部淋巴管密度比内部明显增高（P〈0．01）。结论E-cadherin、β-catenin在食管癌细胞中的表达减少，推测使食管癌细胞间的粘附能力减弱，促进了癌细胞的转移。食管癌周边大量淋巴管为癌细胞的淋巴道转移提供了条件。Podoplanin可以作为淋巴管特异性标记物。     

Podoplanin和血管内皮生长因子-C在结肠癌中的表达及与淋巴结转移的关系

 目的探讨结肠癌组织中Podoplanin、血管内皮生长因子C(VEGFC)表达的相互关系及其在淋巴结转移过程中的作用和可能机制。方法应用免疫组化法检测48例结肠癌组织和10例癌旁组织中Podoplanin及VEGFC的表达水平。结果(1)结肠癌组织中Podoplanin、VEGFC阳性表达率分别为56.3%、64.6%,显著高于癌旁非癌组织的10%(P<0.05)。(2)Podoplanin、VEGFC的表达与结肠癌的浸润深度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期相关(P<0.01或P<0.05),与结肠癌的分化程度、远处转移无关(P>0.05)。(3)Podoplanin、VEGFC之间表达呈正相关(r=0.425,P<0.01)。结论结肠癌组织中Podoplanin、VEGFC表达均增高且呈正相关,两者在结肠癌淋巴结转移中有协同效应,共同促进结肠癌的淋巴转移     

Confirmation of mucin in lymphatic vessels of acquired cholesteatoma

Abundant inflammatory cells infiltrate in the advancing front of the cholesteatoma perimatrix towards the middle ear mucosa. However, the cause of inflammation is not yet clear. The middle ear mucosa is often embedded in the cholesteatoma perimatrix. We hypothesized that the embedded mucosa is the cause of inflammation. Surgical specimens obtained from 20 cases of acquired cholesteatoma were used for the study. Lymphatic vessels were stained by the immunohistochemical method using the antibody against podoplanin. Mucin was simultaneously stained by alcian blue. The results of our examination were the following: (1) the presence of infiltrating mucin in the perimatrix; (2) the degeneration and reduction of lymphatic vessels; (3) the accumulation of inflammatory cells around morbid lymphatic vessels. Based on our findings, cholesteatoma can be defined as an inflammation affected by infiltrating mucin that escaped from embedded mucosa in the perimatrix.     

Podoplanin, α-Smooth Muscle Actin or S100A4 Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Are Associated with Different Prognosis in Colorectal Cancers

The interactions between the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells determine the behavior of the primary tumors. Whether cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) have a tumor progressive or a protective role likely depends on the type of tumor cells and the CAF subpopulation. In the present study, we analyzed the prognostic significance of CAF subpopulations in colorectal cancer (CRC). CAF phenotypes were analyzed in 302 CRC patients by using antibodies against podoplanin (PDPN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and S100A4. The relationship between the CAF phenotypes and 11 clinicopathological parameters were evaluated and their prognostic significance was analyzed from the disease-free and overall survival times. We observed that at the tumor invasive front, PDPN CAFs were present in 40% of the cases, and S100A4 or α-SMA CAFs were detected in all the cases. PDPN/S100A4 and α-SMA/S100A4 dual-stained CAFs were observed in 10% and 40% of the cases, respectively. The PDPN⁺ CAFs were associated with 6 favorable clinicopathological parameters and prolonged disease-free survival time. The PDPN^-/α-SMA^high CAFs were associated with 6 aggressive clinicopathological parameters and tended to exhibit shorter disease-free survival time. On the other hand, the PDPN^-/S100A4^high CAFs were associated with 2 tumor progression parameters, but not with disease prognosis. The PDPN⁺ CAF phenotype is distinct from the α-SMA or S100A4 CAFs in that it is associated with less aggressive tumors and a favorable prognosis, whereas the PDPN^-/α-SMA^high or PDPN^-/S100A4^high CAFs are associated with tumor progression in CRC. These findings suggest that CAFs can be a useful prognostic biomarker or potential targets of anti-cancer therapy in CRC.     

E-钙黏蛋白、β-连环蛋白和Podoplanin在人胃腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨E-钙黏蛋白（E—cadhefin）及β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）在人胃腺癌中的表达和在淋巴道转移中的作用。方法：取60例胃腺癌组织样本和30例正常组织,应用免疫组织化学方法观察E—Cad和β-Cat在人胃腺癌组织中的表达,应用Podoplanin标记淋巴管,检测胃腺癌组织中的微淋巴管密度（MLVD）。结果：60例胃腺癌组织中,E—Cad和β—Cat的表达与分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期具有相关性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。E—cad的表达与肿瘤直径、浸润深度具有相关性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而β-Cat的异常在这两组中无明显差异（P〉0．05）。Podoplanin只表达淋巴管,癌组织中的LMVD高于正常胃组织（P〈0．01）,癌周边缘区的LMVD高于肿瘤中心组织（P〈0．01）。LMVD的表达与分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期具有相关性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：E—Cad和β—Cat异常表达在胃腺癌进展中起重要作用,在淋巴转移过程中使肿瘤细胞进入淋巴导管起了一定促进作用。     

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the Head and Neck: Role of Podoplanin in the Differential Diagnosis

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is an uncommon vascular tumor of soft tissue and bone that may rarely occur in the liver, lung and the head and neck. We present five new cases of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the head and neck region diagnosed and managed in one institution in order to define the phenotypic characteristics, podoplanin immunohistochemical staining and the biological outcome. Podoplanin is a transmembrane mucoprotein selectively expressed in lymphatic endothelium and recently in some vascular neoplasms. The patients were comprised of two male and three female patients ranging in age from 4 to 71 years. The lesions were found in the gingiva, submandibular region soft tissue, nasal cavity and tongue, and ranged in size from 0.7 to 2.5 cm. All tumors manifested infiltrative cords and nests of epithelioid cells with occasional spindle morphology in a myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis of vascular and epithelial markers showed strong and uniform cytoplasmic reactivity for podoplanin and variable intensity and staining of CD31 and lack of cytokeratin staining in tumor cells. Surgical treatment included simple and wide local excisions. Of the three patients with follow-up, one developed lymph node metastasis and one had no evidence of disease 10 months after surgery. The patient with multiple recurrences and LN metastases was additionally treated with chemotherapy and is under consideration for radiation therapy. Hemangioendothelioma of the head and neck is: (1) a low-grade malignancy with a tendency for local recurrence and regional lymph node metastasis, (2) complete excision with negative margins is the treatment of choice for localized disease and (3) podoplanin may be useful in differentiating epithelioid hemangioendothelioma from non-vascular tumors.     

免疫组织化学染色法在微淋巴管研究中的应用

目的：评价免疫组织化学染色法在微淋巴管研究中的作用。方法：利用抗肾小球足细胞膜黏蛋白（Podoplanin）单克隆抗体标记毛细淋巴管对人的脉管瘤及毛细血管瘤组织进行免疫组化染色。结果：微淋巴管被标记成棕红色。而毛细血管未被标记，微淋巴管与毛细血管相似，均由单层内皮细胞作衬罩，但与毛细血管不同的是微淋巴管内皮细胞间的连接不良，常有大的内皮间隙，缺乏完整的基底膜，也没有外皮细胞。结论：免疫组织化学染色法在毛细淋巴管的研究中是一种较为准确客观的方法。     

妊娠期子宫蜕膜淋巴管研究进展

近年通过对淋巴管透明质酸受体-1和肾小球足突细胞膜蛋白等淋巴管表面标志的研究发现,妊娠期子宫内膜(蜕膜)也有大量淋巴管出现。而体内外实验表明,胎盘滋养细胞可能参与蜕膜淋巴管的形成,并起调控作用。这种蜕膜淋巴管的功能主要是:影响螺旋动脉血流、激活免疫细胞以及参与母胎免疫耐受等。关于其产生和作用的机制将是未来研究的方向。