The dysregulated glomerular cell growth in Denys–Drash syndrome

While diffuse mesangial sclerosis is traditionally described as being the glomerulopathy of Denys–Drash syndrome (DDS), the podocyte proliferative lesions may be overlooked in these DDS cases. In the present study, an evolving process is extrapolated from a selected case of DDS that demonstrated glomerulopathy with conspicuous podocyte proliferation. The observation that podocytes express proliferation markers (Ki67, proliferating-cell nuclear antigen and topoisomerase II) in non-proliferative, mature-looking glomeruli suggests an initial pathogenic act to activate or to keep podocytes from quiescence. The subsequent proliferation of podocytes is in keeping with downregulation of WT1 and cyclin kinase inhibitors of p16 and p21. The emergence of cytokeratin-positive cells in glomeruli that show typical mesangial sclerosis implies elimination of podocytes and replacement with tubular and/or parietal epithelial cells. The final scene of evolving glomerulopathy displays apoptosis and expression of Fas-L and Bax in sclerotic mesangial lesions, which eventually end up with global sclerosis. This novel concept of DDS glomerulopathy implies complex molecular mechanisms involved in glomerular injury.     

α-硫辛酸对高糖 高同型半胱氨酸诱导的小鼠足细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨α-硫辛酸对高糖、高同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)作用下小鼠足细胞凋亡及Nephrin mRNA表达的影响。方法将体外培养的足细胞用高糖(25mmol/L)、Hcy(1mmol/L)、α-硫辛酸(0.5mmol/L)干预,分别在干预24、48、72h时收集细胞,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测Nephrin mRNA表达。结果 24h时,高糖组、高Hcy组及混合组未见明显细胞凋亡(P>0.05);48h时,上述3组可见明显的细胞凋亡,且混合组凋亡更加明显(P<0.01);72h时,上述差异更加明显(P<0.01);α-硫辛酸可对抗高糖、高Hcy引起的足细胞凋亡(均P<0.05),且有一定的时间依赖性;高糖、高Hcy环境下,足细胞Nephrin mRNA表达呈下降趋势,且有一定的时效性;α-硫辛酸可对抗上述趋势。结论α-硫辛酸可减弱高糖、高Hcy对足细胞促凋亡作用,还可对抗其下调Nephrin mRNA的表达。     

加味济生肾气汤对STZ诱导的糖尿病肾病大鼠足细胞及其自噬的影响＊

目的 探究加味济生肾气汤对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏足细胞和自噬作用的影响，为糖尿病肾病的中药治疗奠定一定基础。方法 将66只SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分成对照组，模型组，羟苯磺酸钙组，加味济生肾气汤低、中、高剂量组。造模后，各组分别以生理盐水，羟苯磺酸钙，1 mL/kg/d、4 mL/kg/d、10 mL/kg/d药物浓度的加味济生肾气汤处理。6周后，取大鼠肾脏，电镜观察肾脏足细胞形态；免疫组化检测Nephrin的表达；Western blot检测LC3II/I和P62的表达。结果 模型组大鼠肾小球基底膜可见显著增厚，足细胞排列较紊乱，数目减少，足突融合，在加味济生肾气汤中剂量组和高剂量组中上述症状得以缓解；与对照组比较，模型组大鼠肾组织中的Nephrin水平均明显降低，LC3II/I比值显著下降，P62水平显著升高。与模型组比较，加味济生肾气汤高剂量组大鼠肾组织中的Nephrin水平均明显升高，LC3II/I比值均显著升高，P62水平显著降低（P < 0.05）。结论 加味济生肾气汤通过提高自噬水平，减少足突发生融合，提高肾脏的过滤功能。     

Actualité sur les mécanismes physiopathologiques des syndromes néphrotiques idiopathiques : lésions glomérulaires minimes et hyalinose segmentaire et focale

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome represents up to 30% of adult glomerulopathies. However, its prognosis according to remission, relapse and renal failure remains unchanged since the 80s and prediction remains difficult. Physiopathology of adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is complex and multifactorial, including immunologic and environmental factors and a putative permeability-circulating factor, still unknown. In this point of view, we propose to summarize actual knowledge about idiopathic minimal change disease and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis physiopathology.     

归肾经方含药血清对阿霉素诱导的足细胞损伤及自噬相关蛋白的影响

目的：研究归肾经方对阿霉素（adriamycin,ADR）诱导的肾小球足细胞损伤标志蛋白nephrin及自噬相关蛋白Beclin-1、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、p-mTOR等表达的影响。 方法：以ADR体外诱导的方法制作足细胞损伤的细胞模型。除空白组外均以ADR诱导足细胞,分为5组：空白组（control group,10%空白血清）、模型组（model group,10%空白血清+ADR 0.5 μg·mL^-1）、中药高剂量组（H-TCM group,10%高剂量归肾经方含药血清+ADR 0.5 μg·mL^-1）、中药低剂量组（L-TCM group,10%低剂量归肾经方含药血清+ADR 0.5 μg·mL^-1）、替米沙坦组（TMST group,10%替米沙坦含药血清+ADR 0.5 μg·mL^-1）。CCK-8检测各组细胞活性改变,Western blot法检测各组足细胞标志蛋白nephrin、desmin及自噬相关蛋白beclin-1、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ等表达。 结果：①与空白组比较,模型组细胞活力显著降低（P<0.01）,与模型组比较,中药高剂量组及替米沙坦组细胞活性显著增高（P<0.05）;②Western blot检测结果显示,与control组比较,model组nephrin显著降低（P<0.01）,desmin、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、Beclin-1、p-Akt、p-mTOR显著增高（P<0.01）;与Model组比较,H-TCM组及TMST组nehprin表达显著增高（P<0.05）,desmin表达显著降低（P<0.05）,H-TCM、L-TCM及TMST组Beclin-1、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、p-Akt、p-mTOR表达显著降低（P<0.01）;与H-TCM组比较,L-TCM组LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ表达显著增高（P<0.05）。结论：归肾经方可以修复ADR诱导的足细胞损伤,改善细胞内的自噬水平,与上调细胞内nephrin、Beclin-1、p-Akt、p-mTOR的表达有关。     

Tetrahydroxy Stilbene Glucoside Alleviates High Glucose-Induced MPC5 Podocytes Injury Through Suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome

Background

Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG) is an active ingredient of Heshouwu and is an antioxidant. The underlying mechanisms of the renoprotective effect of TSG in diabetic nephropathy have not been previously reported. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of TSG in preventing podocytes injury in high glucose (HG) condition.

补体通过激活足细胞ERK信号通路上调PD-L1表达

目的:探讨补体损害足细胞的可能机制。方法:将足细胞分为对照组、补体刺激组、补体+ERK抑制剂组,免疫蛋白印迹法检测足细胞PD-L1、细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)表达,并用细胞迁移实验检测足细胞功能。结果:补体刺激组足细胞ERK/p-ERK表达上调(P<0.05),PD-L1表达上调(P<0.05),加入ERK抑制剂后足细胞PD-L1表达下调,伴迁移减少。结论:补体通过激活ERK/p-ERK信号通路上调PD-L1表达,导致足细胞损害。     

Glomerulopatía por invaginación podocítica; reporte del primer caso en Latinoamérica y revisión de la literatura

BackgroundPodocyte infolding glomerulopathy (PIG) is a condition of uncertain origin, frequently associated with autoimmune diseases. Its specific treatment and clinical course are unknown.It is characterised by thickening of the capillary walls due to the presence of non-argyrophilic intramembranous bubbles similar to those found in membranous glomerulopathy, but without electron-dense deposits of immune complexes in the ultrastructure, where translucent microspheres generated by invagination of the podocyte cytoplasm into the basement membranes are observed.ObjectivesGenerally reported in young females patients. To date, few cases in Asian patients have been reported. Our case is the first to be reported in a Latin American Caucasian patient.MethodsA 38-year-old woman with SLE. In 2014 she presented with nephrotic syndrome empirically treated with corticosteroids (CO) and intravenous cyclophosphamide with good response. She had a relapse in April 2015 with normal renal function and no extrarenal lupus activity, so she was referred to our hospital to be biopsied.ResultsThe biopsy reported focal segmental glomerular sclerosis without deposits of immune complexes in the immunofluorescence. However, methenamine silver staining revealed clear spaces in the capillary walls accompanied by marked podocyte alterations. On electron microscope study, numerous aggregates of microvesicular and cylindrical ultrastructures bound to the membranes were observed, without evidence of dense deposits, and diffuse effacement of pedicel foot processes, confirming the suspected diagnosis.ConclusionsThis is the first reported case of what can be considered a new pathological glomerular entity in a Latin American Caucasian patient, whose clinical course and therapy are still unknown.     

二氢欧山芹通过调节自噬保护高糖诱导的足细胞损伤

目的 探讨二氢欧山芹(columbianetin,CBT)对高糖诱导的足细胞损伤保护作用及其机制研究.方法 体外培养永生化小鼠足细胞系MPC-5,给予高浓度的葡萄糖刺激,观察CBT对高糖诱导的足细胞损伤及自噬的影响;采用蛋白质印迹法检测足细胞自噬相关蛋白;荧光显微镜观察GFP-LC3-Ⅱ转染后足细胞绿色荧光颗粒.结果 ...