三拗汤加味治疗治疗小儿支气管炎和肺炎

目的：对应用加味三拗汤对患有支气管炎和肺炎疾病的患儿实施治疗的临床效果进行研究。方法整群选择在该院就诊的患有支气管炎和肺炎疾病的患儿88例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,平均每组44例。采用常规西药对对照组患儿实施治疗;在常规西药基础上加用加味三拗汤对治疗组患儿实施治疗。结果治疗组患儿体温水平恢复正常时间(3.03±0.54)d、喘咳症状彻底消失时间(5.10±0.62)d、呼吸功能指标恢复正常时间(6.24±1.12)d、疾病用药治疗总时间(9.34±2.28)d明显短于对照组(5.32±0.95、7.35±0.99、8.84±1.16、11.35±2.63)d(P<0.05);支气管炎和肺炎疾病的治疗效果(总有效率90.9%)明显优于对照组(总有效率70.5%)(P<0.05);在支气管炎和肺炎疾病药物治疗期间不良反应例数(1例)明显少于对照组(8例)(P<0.05)。结论应用加味三拗汤对患有支气管炎和肺炎疾病的患儿实施治疗的临床效果非常明显。     

The combination of nebulization and chest physiotherapy improved respiratory status in children with pneumonia

Objective

There is controversy regarding the effectiveness of chest physiotherapy to solve airway obstruction problems experienced by children younger than five years of age with pneumonia. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chest physiotherapy and nebulization on the respiratory status of these children.

Impact of family empowerment model on satisfaction and children’s length of stay in hospital

Objective

The purpose of the study was to identify the impact of family empowerment model intervention on family satisfaction and children’s length of stay in the hospital due to pneumonia.

Major Lipids and Future Risk of Pneumonia: 20-Year Observation of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Cohort

BackgroundCirculating lipids have been implicated as important modulators of immune response, and altered lipid levels correlate with the severity of infection. However, long-term prognostic implications of lipid levels regarding future infection risk remain unclear. The current project aims to explore whether baseline lipid levels are associated with risk of future serious infection, measured by hospitalization for pneumonia.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in 13,478 participants selected from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, a large community-based longitudinal cohort in the United States with a median follow-up time of >20 years. First incident of hospitalization for pneumonia was identified through hospital discharge records. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association of baseline major lipid levels (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides) with time to first pneumonia hospitalization.ResultsA total of 1969 (14.61%) participants had a pneumonia hospitalization during a median follow-up time of 21.5 years. The hazard ratio (HR) for pneumonia hospitalization was 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.92) for every 10-mg/dL increase in baseline HDL-C, and 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.03) for every 10-mg/dL increase in baseline triglycerides. HDL-C and triglycerides both remained significant predictors of pneumonia hospitalization after multivariable adjustment. Such associations were not seen with baseline LDL-C or total cholesterol levels.ConclusionLower baseline HDL-C and higher triglyceride levels were strongly associated with increased risk of long-term pneumonia hospitalization in a large longitudinal US cohort.     

Predictors of adverse in-hospital outcome and recovery in patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 pneumonia in Iraq

Background and aimsThere is limited data about the prognosis and impact of COVID-19 pneumonia on patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to assess blood indices, ECG markers of sudden death and malignant arrhythmias on admission, and diabetes lowering drugs as possible predictors of adverse in-hospital outcome and COVID-19 pneumonia recovery status.MethodsA retrospective study included patients with newly diagnosed COVID-19 pneumonia from August 20, to October 5, 2020.ResultsA total of 192 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were included in the present study, of whom 67 patients had DM. Low lymphocytes % [0.4(0.1–0.9), P = .011] and QTc interval prolongation [0.4(0.1–0.8), P = .022] were associated with increased length of ICU stay. On the other hand, metformin use [0.3(0.2–4), P = .032] and DPP-4 inhibitors use [0.3(0.2–3), P = .040] were associated with decreased length of ICU stay. QTc interval prolongation [0.4(0.1–0.9), P = .017] was associated with increased length of hospital stay, while using metformin [0.4(0.2–3), P = .022] was associated with decreased length of hospital stay. Low lymphocytes % [0.5(0.4–1.6), P = .001], insulin use [0.4(0.3–5), P = .003], and old age [0.5(0.1–2.3), P = .025] were associated with extensive lung injury. The risk for in-hospital death was associated with high neutrophil% [1(1–1.4), P = .045], while metformin use was associated with decreased risk for in-hospital death [0.1(0.1–0.6), P = .025]. Insulin use [0.3(0.2–4), P = .013] was associated with partial recovery following acute COVID pneumonia.ConclusionsMetformin and DPP-4 inhibitors use were associated with favorable in-hospital outcomes, while insulin use was associated with extensive lung injury and post-acute COVID-19 pneumonia partial recovery.     

美洛西林钠与头孢哌酮舒巴坦治疗早发性脑卒中相关性肺炎的疗效及安全性比较

目的观察美洛西林钠与头孢哌酮舒巴坦治疗早发性脑卒中相关性肺炎(EOP)的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取2010-01-2015-01收治的EOP患者80例,随机分为观察组与对照组,观察组使用美洛西林钠治疗,对照组使用头胞哌酮舒巴坦治疗,对比观察2组临床疗效及安全性。结果 2组总有效率、显效率及细菌清除率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后鲍曼不动杆菌检出率明显低于对照组,白细胞计数、降钙素原、C反应蛋白等实验室指标明显优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结果美洛西林钠与头胞哌酮舒巴坦对EOP均具有良好的临床疗效及理想的细菌清除率,美洛西林钠在改善炎症反应方面更为理想,且其多重耐药菌的检出明显较低,临床应用更具有安全性。     

Follow-up computed tomography scan in post-COVID-19 pneumonia

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic can be a severe illness that leads to morbidity and mortality. With the increasing number of COVID-19 pneumonia survivors, several long-term changes may persist, including abnormal imaging of lung parenchyma. In addition to the clinical course, it is vital to follow up on pulmonary imaging during the post-infectious period, which is not routinely required in other common pulmonary diagnoses. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest is an effective and diagnostic tool for pneumonia which gives an insight into structural abnormalities within the lungs, complications, and possible progression of the disease. Several studies have monitored COVID-19 pneumonia and its complications using serial CT chest imaging from the initial phase of infection, hospitalization, and post-discharge. Nonetheless, long-term follow-up imaging data in post-COVID-19 is still limited. We have summarized the findings utilizing a systematic review of the literature regarding COVID-19 pneumonia imaging, including long-term follow-up.     

Neumonías adquiridas en la comunidad en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica tratados con corticoides inhalados u otros broncodilatadores. Estudio PNEUMOCORT

ObjectivesTo analyse the risk of pneumonia and/or exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who receive treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (CI), in comparison with those who are not treated with inhaled corticosteroids (NCI). To estimate the risk of pneumonia according to CI dose.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingPrimary Healthcare. Institut Català de la Salut.ParticipantsPatients ≥ 45 years-old diagnosed with COPD between 2007 and 2009 in the Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP).InterventionTwo cohorts; patients initiating CI and patients initiating bronchodilators after COPD diagnosis.Main measurementsDemographics, smoking, medical history, pneumonias, exacerbations, vaccinations, and drug therapy.ResultsA total of 3,837 patients were included, 58% in the CI and 42% in the NCI group. Higher incidence rates of pneumonia and exacerbations were detected in the CI group compared with the NCI (2.18 vs. 1.37). The risk of pneumonia and severe exacerbations was not significantly different between groups, HR; 1.17 (95% CI; 0.87-1.56) and 1.06 (95% CI; 0.87-1.31), respectively. Patients in the CI group had a higher risk of mild exacerbations, HR; 1.28 (95% CI; 1.10-1.50). Variables associated with a higher risk of pneumonia were age, diabetes, previous pneumonias and bronchitis, very severe COPD, treatment with low doses of β₂-adrenergic or anticholinergic agents, and previous treatment with oral corticosteroids.ConclusionsThere were no differences between cohorts in the risk of pneumonia and severe exacerbations. The risk of mild exacerbations was higher in the CI group. Pneumonias and severe exacerbations were more frequent in patients with severe COPD and in patients receiving high doses of CI.     

Impact of additional antibiotics on in-hospital mortality in tuberculosis isolated general bacteria: A propensity score analysis

Whether or not additional antibiotics with anti-tuberculosis agents are required to treat bacterial co-infection with pulmonary tuberculosis is unclear. We aimed to assess the impact of additional antibiotics on mortality in pulmonary tuberculosis patients whose sputum cultures were positive for general bacteria as a surrogate definition of bacterial pneumonia. This study was a single-center retrospective cohort using a propensity score analysis. We included patients who were admitted for pulmonary tuberculosis and whose sputum cultures were positive for general bacteria. The mortality of patients who received additional antibiotics was analyzed after adjusting for other variables, including the propensity score predicting treatment with additional antibiotics. We assessed 68 and 55 tuberculosis patients treated with and without general antibiotics, respectively. Additional antibiotics tended to be administered to patients with a high level of C-reactive protein and neutrophil count, poor performance status, hypoxemia and hypoalbuminemia (C-statistics of area under receiver operating characteristic curve to the propensity score; 0.884, p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, advanced age and not the use of additional antibiotics was associated with in-hospital mortality. Additional antibiotics with anti-tuberculosis agents may not improve the prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis patients whose sputum cultures were positive for general bacteria. Isolation of general bacteria does not equate to complication with bacterial pneumonia, so physicians should not administer general antibiotics to TB patients based solely on the results of sputum culture for general bacteria. A prospective study is needed to verify these results using a more accurate definition of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with bacterial pneumonia.     

Clinical manifestations and risk factors of community-onset Acinetobacter species pneumonia in Japan; case control study in a single institute in Japan

To clarify the etiology, patients' characteristics and risk factors for community-onset AP (Acinetobacter species pneumonia), we conducted this case-control study. We reviewed all patients with community-onset AP at our institute from 2010 until 2018. We defined non-AP group as a control. The patients with non-Acinetobacter spp. pneumonia (non-AP) were randomly selected during the study period without clinical information based on medical records' list among patients with community-onset pneumonia. The age (±2 years) and sex were matched to the patients with community-onset AP, and the ratio was AP:non-AP group = 1:3. Patients' characteristics, clinical outcomes, pathogens isolated and drug susceptibility were evaluated by comparing AP and non-AP group.The mean age of community-onset AP group was 79 years. They were 8 males and 5 females. The 30-day and in-hospital mortality rates of community-onset AP were 23% (v.s. 3%, p = 0.049) and 31% (v.s. 5%, p = 0.029) respectively, which are higher than the control group. Heavy alcohol consumption (23% v.v. 0%, p = 0.023), higher Charlson Comorbidity index (3.2 v.s. 2.0, p = 0.046) and lobar pneumonia by chest radiology (50% v.s. 23%, p = 0.071) were seen more frequently in community-onset AP than in the control group.In conclusion, community-onset AP shows poor outcomes despite the appropriate antibiotic therapy. Heavy alcohol history might be a risk factor of AP. Patients with community-onset AP could have more comorbidity and poor general conditions than the control group.