COVID-19 managed with early non-invasive ventilation and a bundle pharmacotherapy: A case report

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has become an immense public health burden,first in China and subsequently worldwide.Developing effective control measures for COVID-19,especially measures that can halt the worsening of severe cases to a critical status is of urgent importance.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman presented with a high fever(38.8°C),chills,dizziness,and weakness.Epidemiologically,she had not been to Wuhan where COVID-19 emerged and did not have a family history of a disease cluster.A blood test yielded a white blood cell count of 4.41×109/L(60.6±2.67%neutrophils and 30.4±1.34%lymphocytes).Chest imaging revealed bilateral ground-glass lung changes.Based on a positive nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid test result and clinical characteristics,the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19.Following treatment with early non-invasive ventilation and a bundle pharmacotherapy,she recovered with a good outcome.CONCLUSION Early non-invasive ventilation with a bundle pharmacotherapy may be an effective treatment regimen for the broader population of patients with COVID-19.     

Corynebacterium species as one of the major causative pathogens of bacterial pneumonia

Recent advances using molecular methods, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flightmass spectrometry, and next-generation sequencers enable rapid and precise detection of bacterial species in the clinical samples, revealing bacterial diversities in the human body. Corynebacterium species are Gram-positive bacilli, which can cause pneumonia and have been reported as causative pathogens of lower respiratory tract infections since the 1970's. However, Corynebacterium spp. may be recognized and sorted as part of normal respiratory flora on Gram staining and culture, resulting in clinical under-recognition as pathogenic bacteria.The results of the clone library method using bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis in Japanese patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia revealed that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from the lung lesions contained 11.8% Corynebacterium spp., which was the second most predominant bacterial phylotype. Additionally, among patients in whom Corynebacterium spp. were detected, C. simulans was most commonly detected followed by C. striatum. In addition, almost half of the patients in whom C. simulans was detected was monophylotypic infection and/or co-detection of C. simulansand C. striatum. Further clinical information is expected on corynebacteria as pathogens of lower respiratory tract infection.     

大叶性肺炎治疗前后胸部CT平扫特征对比分析

目的探讨CT扫描在分析大叶性肺炎治疗效果中的临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院2014年1月-2016年1月期间接收确诊并治疗的67例大叶性肺炎患者的CT检查资料,分析不同时期大叶性肺炎的的CT影像特征。结果本组67例患者仅7例为双肺均受累,占10.4%。又以右肺为主有45例,左肺共29例。67例患者中14例处在渗出期,48例处在实变期,还有5例处在消散期。9名患者在一周内可见高密度阴影的明显缩小,52例患者在2周后的高密度阴影缩小达到70%以上,56例患者在第3周高密度阴影基本消失,4周后所有患者均显示高密度阴影消。结论利用CT扫描检查大叶性肺炎时可以发现病变部位以及阶段对治疗起到很好的指导作用,在患者治疗阶段根据CT影像特征能很好的确定患者治疗情况,对后期病情的针对性治疗可以起到很好的指导性作用,值得进一步推广和应用。     

急性心肌梗死并发肺炎的病因及预后分析

目的 分析急性心肌梗死患者并发肺炎的病因及预后.方法 选取2011年1月～2013年10月本院102例急性心肌梗死患者,其中合并肺炎53例,以无肺炎的49例为对照组,对多种因素进行回顾性分析.结果 急性心肌梗死并发肺炎与年龄、绝对卧床≥7d、应用镇静剂≥5d、心功能异常等多种因素有关;好转率明显低于对照组.结论 急性心肌梗死并发肺炎诱因较多,积极预防、控制肺炎对治疗具有重要作用.     

Comparison of ß-lactam plus aminoglycoside versus ß-lactam plus fluoroquinolone empirical therapy in serious nosocomial infections due to Gram-negative bacilli

We sought to compare clinical cure on day 7 and a 28-day all-cause mortality in patients who received an anti-pseudomonal ß-lactam with a fluoroquinolone or an aminoglycoside for treatment of nosocomial bacteremia or pneumonia due to Gram-negative bacilli while in the ICU. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in critically ill patients at an academic medical centre from January 2005 to August 2011. A total of 129 patients (83 receiving aminoglycoside and 46 receiving fluoroquinolone combinations) were included. Seven-day clinical cure rates were 74% and 72% for fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside groups, respectively (p = 0.84). There was no significant difference in the odds of clinical cure with a fluoroquinolone as compared to an aminoglycoside combination (adjusted odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7–9.0). There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality in patients who received a fluoroquinolone or an aminoglycoside combination (22% vs. 18%, adjusted hazard ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.29–2.28).     

Association between presence of pneumonia and pressure ulcer formation following traumatic spinal cord injury

Objective: To determine if the presence of pneumonia and pressure ulcers are associated in individuals with an acute spinal cord injury during acute care and rehabilitation hospitalizations.

Design: Retrospective, secondary analyses of data obtained from the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems enrolled from 1993 until 2006

Setting: Acute care hospitalization and inpatient rehabilitation facilities

Participants: A cohort of individuals hospitalized in acute care (n?=?3,098) and inpatient rehabilitation (n?=?1,768) was included in the analysis. Frequencies of pressure ulcer formation and episodes of pneumonia were noted in both settings.

Interventions: Not applicable.

Outcome Measures: Pressure ulcer formation and diagnosis of pneumonia

Results: The development of pressure ulcers, including stage I, was 20.3% acute care and 21.1% during in inpatient rehabilitation. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant association of pneumonia with occurrence of pressure ulcers (P?≤?0.001, OR?=?2.3 and 2.2 respectively), the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grades (P?Conclusion: A higher presence of pressure ulcers was found in individuals with pneumonia, after adjusting for injury severity, age, sex, and utilization of mechanical ventilation. Impaired inflammatory response and decreased mobility in individuals with pneumonia may predispose these individuals to develop pressure ulcers. Surveillance and preventive measures for pressure ulcers should be rigorous in individuals with SCI and pneumonia.