Combined evaluation of adenosine deaminase level and histopathological findings from pleural biopsy with Cope’s needle for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy

Introduction: Closed needle pleural biopsy (CNPB) has historically been the gold standard procedure for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an efficient biomarker for tuberculosis that is measurable in pleural fluids. Objective: We compared the diagnostic accuracy of the pleural ADA (P-ADA) level and histopathological findings of CNPB specimens in patients with pleural tuberculosis. Methods: This prospective study consisted of two groups of examinations with a proven diagnosis of pleural effusion. The P-ADA level was measured in 218 patients with pleural effusion due to a number of causes, and 157 CNPB specimens underwent histopathological analysis. Results: CNPBs were performed in patients with tuberculosis (n=122) and other diseases: adenocarcinoma (n=23), lymphoma (n=5), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=4), squamous cell carcinoma (n=2), and small cell lung cancer (n=1). According to the ROC curve, the optimal cut-off value of the P-ADA level (Giusti and Galanti colorimetric method) was equal to or greater than 40.0 U/L. The diagnostic accuracy of the P-ADA test was 83.0%, and that of histopathological examination of the CNPB tissue, was 78.8% (AUC=0.293, P=0.7695). The association between the P-ADA assay and pleural histopathology was 24.41 (P<0.0001). The tetrachoric correlation coefficient was 0.563 (high correlation). Conclusion: In Brazil and other countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis, P-ADA activity is an accurate test for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusions, and its use should be encouraged. The high diagnostic performance of the P-ADA test could to aid the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis and render CNPB unnecessary.     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤误诊为结核性胸膜炎原因分析

目的分析恶性胸膜间皮瘤(malignant pleural mesothelioma,MPM)的临床特点,以减少误诊。方法对我院收治的1例MPM误诊病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果本例因咳嗽、胸闷、胸痛1个月,加重2周入院。外院胸部CT检查提示左侧胸腔积液,经胸腔积液检查考虑结核性胸膜炎,予诊断性抗结核治疗2周,患者症状逐渐加重,遂转我院。转我院后胸部CT、B超检查均提示左侧大量胸腔积液,血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶48 ng/ml,并结合胸腔镜活检病理及免疫组织化学染色检查确诊为MPM。予培美曲塞二钠联合顺铂化疗,胸腔积液大部分吸收,症状明显好转出院。但11个月后病情恶化死亡。结论临床上对于难以定性的胸腔积液,尤其伴有持续性胸痛者,应高度警惕MPM可能,及早行胸腔镜、CT引导下肺穿刺活检、开胸等检查对确诊有重要意义。     

肿瘤标志物检测在良恶性胸腹水鉴别价值研究

目的 研究肿瘤标志物在良恶性胸腹水的临床鉴别价值.方法 169例恶性胸腹水患者设为恶性腹水组,146例良性胸腹水设为良性组,比较两组胸腹水癌胚抗原(CEA)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖类抗原(CA) 125、CA19-9水平,并对各肿瘤标志物对良恶性胸腹水的诊断进行方法学评价.结果 恶性组的CEA为(139.7-±56.4) ng/mL、AFP为(189.2±45.2) ng/mL、CA125为(314.7±86.2) U/mL、CA19-9为(158.5±24.2) U/mL,浓度均高于良性组,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);ROC曲线分析CEA、AFP、CA125以及CA19-9曲线下面积分别为0.811、0.547、0.715和0.769,其对应的诊断切点分别为5.6 ng/mL、63.7 ng/mL、38.9 U/mL和30.4 U/mL;AFP因ROC曲线下面积过低不适于恶性胸腹水的诊断.三种肿瘤标志物单独检测方法学评价的各项指标均以CEA最好,灵敏度为75.7％,特异度为88.6％,联合检测以CEA、CA125以及CA19-9的联合检测效果较好,灵敏度为80.5％,特异度为94.0％.结论 肿瘤标志物联合检测对胸腹水的性质鉴别方面有重要的临床应用价值.     

Computed tomography patterns of pulmonary and pleural involvement in lymphoma

BackgroundPulmonary and pleural involvement is fairly common in patients with lymphoma, especially in the setting of progressive or recurrent disease. Pleuropulmonary involvement in lymphoma may occur as a single pattern or as a combination of multiple patterns which can often mimic unrelated pathologies.MethodsReview of our institutional database from 01 Jan 2015 to 04 Oct 2017 revealed 90 patients with pulmonary and/or pleural lesions attributable to lymphoma. These lesions were classified into various categories, and the pattern of involvement was evaluated.ResultsPulmonary involvement was seen in 17.6% of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and in 10.5% of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), whereas pleural involvement was seen in 6.5% of patients with NHL. Almost all the patients in our study had findings belonging to multiple categories. Pulmonary involvement in patients with HL was seen in the form of nodules (51.6%), masses (51.6%), and direct extension from a mediastinal/hilar mass (45.2%). Patients with NHL had pulmonary involvement in the form of nodules (42.4%), direct extension from a mediastinal/hilar mass (25.4%), pulmonary masses (18.6%), and interstitial pattern (2.4%). Pleural thickening (61.5%), masses (30.8%), and effusion (15.4%) were the three patterns of pleural involvement.ConclusionNodules and masses were the two commonest patterns of pulmonary involvement in patients with HL, whereas nodules were the commonest pattern noted in patients with NHL. Pulmonary masses were seen more commonly in patients with HL than in those with NHL. Pleural involvement was seen exclusively in patients with NHL.     

白细胞介素27在结核性胸腔积液和恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的价值

目的研究胸腔积液中白细胞介素27(IL-27)浓度对于结核性胸腔积液(TPE)和恶性胸腔积液(MPE)的鉴别诊断价值.方法纳入2015~2018年收住北京朝阳医院诊断为TPE或MPE的患者,通过酶联免疫吸附法测定胸腔积液及血浆中IL-27浓度.通过受试者工作特征曲线获取胸腔积液中IL-27的浓度、胸腔积液与血浆IL-27浓度的差值和比值的诊断价值.结果143例患者中TPE组78例,MPE组65例.TPE患者中胸腔积液IL-27浓度显著高于MPE患者,胸腔积液IL-27诊断TPE的诊断界值为499.71 ng/L,敏感度为93.6%,特异度为95.4%,曲线下面积为0.952(95%CI:0.913~0.991),Z统计分析显示,胸腔积液与血浆IL-27浓度差值和比值的诊断价值不高于胸腔积液IL-27浓度.结论胸腔积液IL-27浓度是鉴别TPE和MPE的理想生物标志物.     

胸水ADA与LDH检测的临床意义

目的评价胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)在恶性胸水及结核性胸水中的价值。方法对88例患者(恶性49例,结核性39例),每例均检测患者胸水ADA、LDH。结果恶性胸水组LDH水平显著高与结核组(P<0.01),而其ADA显著低于结核组(P<0.01)。胸水ADA和LDH联合检测,对恶性胸水判别正确率为97.8%。结论 LDH、ADA可作为良恶性胸水鉴别的参考指标。     

临床决策树法与积分模型法对结核性胸膜炎的诊断效能比较

目的 探讨临床决策树法与积分模型法对结核性胸膜炎的诊断效能。方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究方法,以2019年1月1日—2019年6月30日武汉市肺科医院收治的胸腔积液患者为研究对象。符合入组标准的胸腔积液患者随机入组临床决策树法组和积分模型法组,分别采用两种综合诊断模型进行诊断,对比两组方法的诊断效能。结果 临床决策树组共纳入127例患者,其中男性90例,女性37例,年龄18~88岁,平均（49.33±19.63）岁,最后诊断结核性胸膜炎108例,非结核性胸膜炎19例;积分模型组共纳入120例患者,其中男性89例,女性31例,年龄13~84岁,平均（46.41±20.01）岁,最后诊断结核性胸膜炎94例,非结核性胸膜炎26例。临床决策树法诊断结核性胸膜炎的敏感度57.4%,特异度78.9%,阳性预测值93.9%,阴性预测值24.6%,诊断准确率60.6%;积分模型法诊断结核性胸膜炎的敏感度75.5%,特异度96.2%,阳性预测值98.6%,阴性预测值52.1%,诊断准确率80.0%。结论 积分模型法诊断结核性胸膜炎敏感度、特异度及诊断准确率均高于临床决策树法,方法简单,可推广应用于结核性胸膜炎的临床诊断。     

安罗替尼联合恩度或顺铂胸腔灌注治疗非小细胞肺癌恶性胸腔积液的临床研究

目的观察安罗替尼联合恩度或顺铂胸腔灌注治疗NSCLC恶性胸腔积液的疗效及安全性。方法将2018年5月～2019年11月海沧医院肿瘤科收治的84例多线治疗后NSCLC伴胸腔积液患者,随机分为安罗替尼联合恩度胸腔灌注治疗组及安罗替尼联合顺铂胸腔灌注对照组。两组患者均口服安罗替尼,行胸穿置管引流胸水后,治疗组及对照组分别采用恩度45 mg胸腔灌注,或顺铂40 mg/m2胸腔灌注,每周2次,最多4次为1个疗程。比较两组患者的近期疗效、生活质量,治疗1周、2周及3周后胸水VEGF水平及治疗期间毒副反应情况。结果治疗组近期疗效中OOR为72.7%,高于对照组35.0%(P0.01);PFS为95 d,亦高于对照组53 d(P0.05)。治疗组患者生活质量改善32例(72.7%),高于对照组的20例(50.0%)(P0.01);治疗组治疗后1周、2周及3周胸水VEGF水平显著低于对照组;且白细胞减少、恶心呕吐、肝肾功能损害等并发症发生率也低于对照组(P0.05);两组无咯血、血栓形成等不良事件发生。结论安罗替尼联合恩度治疗NSCLC恶性胸腔积液的疗效显著,且优于联合顺铂,可有效降低VEGF水平,安全性好。