感染性心内膜炎患者的围术期护理

目的讨论感染性心内膜炎患者围手术期的护理对策。方法选取2015年1月-2016年6月就诊于我院心血管外科的感染性心内膜炎患者30例,所有患者均给予优质围术期护理,观察患者术前与出院时体温、体质量、血红蛋白含量、营养状态、胸腔积液、下肢水肿状况。术前与出院时焦虑抑郁状况及护理满意度。结果全部患者围术期无死亡,出院时体质量较入院时增加(P0.05),营养状态较前好转(P0.05),体温下降,全部患者术后胸腔积液及下肢水肿情况消失(P0.05),患者满意度较高。术后焦虑与抑郁人数较术前明显减少(P0.05)。结论对感染性心内膜炎患者围术期实施有效的护理措施,能改善患者预后,明显减少焦虑抑郁。     

Human fluids alter DNA-acquisition in Acinetobacter baumannii

Transformation is one of the mechanisms of acquisition of foreign genetic material leading to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Recently, human serum albumin (HSA) was shown to specifically increase transformation frequency in the nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. To further assess the relevance of HSA as a possible modulator of A. baumannii transformation in host-pathogen interactions, in this work we examined the effect of different human fluids. We observed a significant increase in transformation frequencies in the presence of pleural fluid, whole blood cells and liquid ascites, and to a lesser extent with urine. The observed effects correlate with both HSA and bacterial content found in the assayed patient fluids. Taken together, these results are in agreement with our previous findings that highlight HSA as a possible host signal with the ability to trigger natural transformation in A. baumannii.     

111例胃癌和胃食管结合部癌合并恶性胸腹腔积液患者的预后分析

目的 分析胃癌和胃食管结合部癌合并恶性胸腹腔积液患者的预后,并探讨其影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2010年12月中国医学科学院肿瘤医院收治的111例胃癌和胃食管结合部癌合并恶性胸腹腔积液患者的临床病理资料,比较不同临床病理特征患者的积液控制情况和预后.结果 111例患者中,治疗后积液消失12例(10.8％),减少36例(32.4％),稳定15例(13.5％),增多48例(43.2％),积液控制率为56.8％.女性、单纯腹腔积液、KPS评分≥80分、初诊合并积液、无肝转移和全身化疗有效的患者积液控制情况较好.111例患者的中位生存时间为6.0个月.单因素分析的结果显示,女性、KPS评分≥80分、初诊时合并积液、单纯腹腔积液、少量积液、无肝转移、接受全身化疗、积液控制、全身化疗有效、血红蛋白和白蛋水平正常、总胆红素、直接胆红素和间接胆红素水平正常的患者预后较好(均P ＜0.05).多因素分析的结果显示,有无肝转移和积液控制情况是影响胃癌和胃食管结合部癌合并恶性积液患者预后的独立因素(均P＜0.05).结论 女性、单纯腹腔积液、KPS评分≥80分、初诊合并积液、无肝转移和全身化疗有效的胃癌和胃食管结合部癌合并恶性积液患者积液控制情况较好,无肝转移和积液控制好的患者生存时间更长.     

Consensus document on community-acquired pneumonia in children. SENP-SEPAR-SEIP

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a prevalent disease among children and is frequently associated with both diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainties. Consensus has been reached between SEPAR, SENP and SEIP, and their conclusions are as follows:Etiology depends mainly on age and other factors and no single analytical marker offers absolute diagnostic reliability.In the event of clinical suspicion of pneumonia in a healthy child, chest X-ray is not necessary. Chest ultrasound is increasingly implemented as a follow-up method, and even as a diagnostic method.The empirical antibiotic treatment of choice In typical forms of the disease is oral amoxicillin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day for 7 days, while in atypical presentations in children older than 5 years, macrolides should be selected. In severe typical forms, the combination of 3rd generation cephalosporins and cloxacillin (or clindamycin or vancomycin) administered intravenously is recommended.If pleural drainage is required, ultrasound-guided insertion of a small catheter is recommended. Intrapleural administration of fibrinolytics (urokinase) reduces hospital stay compared to simple pleural drainage.In parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE), antibiotic treatment combined with pleural drainage and fibrinolytics is associated with a similar hospital stay and complication rate as antibiotic treatment plus video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS).Systematic pneumococcal conjugate vaccination is recommended in children under 5 years of age, as it reduces the incidence of CAP and hospitalization for this disease.     

胸膜剥脱术后的病情观察及护理

目的探讨胸膜剥脱术后患者的病情观察及护理要点。方法对53例胸膜剥脱术后的患者进行观察与护理。结果 53例患者中,有1例于术后6h进行剖胸探查止血术,1例乳糜胸,术后8d出现。患者全部治愈出院。结论胸膜剥脱术后要认真观察患者的生命体征及引流量,同时采取相应的措施可避免医疗事故的发生,减少并发症,提高医疗护理质量。