Film as an educational tool to train psychotherapists

Starting with Freud who wrote about Dostoyevsky, Michelangelo, and da Vinci, therapists have acknowledged that the humanities and arts contain great sources of insight into human nature. In this paper, I argue for the need to incorporate insights acquired by artists into the training of psychotherapists. Specifically, I present and describe a graduate-level seminar I teach that uses cinema as a tool to train mental health practitioners. Films are used to expose students to a range of universal human issues; we discuss film characters' conflicts, motivations, sources of suffering, and attempts to cope. Further efforts should be devoted to search for ways to use art to inform and enrich the practice, training, and teaching of psychotherapDirected by Robert Redford and produced in the United Statesy.     

An eye on the dog as the scientist's best friend for translational research in ophthalmology: Focus on the ocular surface

Preclinical animal studies provide valuable opportunities to better understand human diseases and contribute to major advances in medicine. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ocular parameters in humans and selected animals, with a focus on the ocular surface, detailing species differences in ocular surface anatomy, physiology, tear film dynamics and tear film composition. We describe major pitfalls that tremendously limit the translational potential of traditional laboratory animals (i.e., rabbits, mice, and rats) in ophthalmic research, and highlight the benefits of integrating companion dogs with clinical analogues to human diseases into preclinical pharmacology studies. This One Health approach can help accelerate and improve the framework in which ophthalmic research is translated to the human clinic. Studies can be conducted in canine subjects with naturally occurring or noninvasively induced ocular surface disorders (e.g., dry eye disease, conjunctivitis), reviewed herein, and tear fluid can be easily retrieved from canine eyes for various bioanalytical purposes. In this review, we discuss common tear collection methods, including capillary tubes and Schirmer tear strips, and provide guidelines for tear sampling and extraction to improve the reliability of analyte quantification (drugs, proteins, others).     

The effect of delivering the chemokine SDF-1α in a matrix-bound manner on myogenesis

Several chemokines are important in muscle myogenesis and in the recruitment of muscle precursors during muscle regeneration. Among these, the SDF-1α chemokine (CXCL12) is a potent chemoattractant known to be involved in muscle repair. SDF-1α was loaded in polyelectrolyte multilayer films made of poly(l-lysine) and hyaluronan to be delivered locally to myoblast cells in a matrix-bound manner. The adsorbed amounts of SDF-1α were tuned over a large range from 100 ng/cm² to 5 μg/cm², depending on the initial concentration of SDF-1α in solution, its pH, and on the film crosslinking extent. Matrix-bound SDF-1α induced a striking increase in myoblast spreading, which was revealed when it was delivered from weakly crosslinked films. It also significantly enhanced cell migration in a dose-dependent manner, which again depended on its presentation by the biopolymeric film. The low-crosslinked film was the most efficient in boosting cell migration. Furthermore, matrix-bound SDF-1α also increased the expression of myogenic markers but the fusion index decreased in a dose-dependent manner with the adsorbed amount of SDF-1α. At high adsorbed amounts of SDF-1α, a large number of Troponin T-positive cells had only one nucleus. Overall, this work reveals the importance of the presentation mode of SDF-1α to emphasize its effect on myogenic processes. These films may be further used to provide insight into the role of SDF-1α presented by a biomaterial in physiological or pathological processes.     

Performance of opus immunoassays for thyroxine and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin in serum

Two representative immunoassays for measuring thyroxine and β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin in serum, using the Opus immunoassay analyzer, were evaluated by comparing them to the reference RIA for T4 and β-HCG enzyme immunoassay. Both assays were superior in accuracy and precision than the reference methods and exhibited good linearity throughout the concentration range needed for discriminating abnormally low and elevated concentrations from the established reference ranges of thyroxine and β-human chorionic gonadotrophin in serum. Correlation between the results of the Opus immunoassays and the reference assays for T4 and β-HCG was very good with correlation coefficients of 0.92 and 0.98, respectively. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

口腔数字成像系统投照剂量及角度的临床研究

目的:探讨口腔数字化成像系统X线的正确投照剂量和角度。方法:从我院口腔门诊患者中随机抽取健康志愿者20名,共拍摄数字牙片320张。采用传统根尖片的分角线投照技术分别拍摄牙列中各牙位的数字化牙片。拍摄时,患者的体位、水平角度和X线中心线与传统根尖片摄影方法相同。对每一牙位分别选择3组不同的投照剂量和垂直角度进行拍摄并记录患者拍摄牙位、投照剂量(即曝光时间)和垂直角度。统计确定每个牙位数字化牙片正确的投照角度和投照剂量。结果:与传统牙片比较,数字化牙片投照角度增加,其中以上颌后牙和下颌前牙角度增加较为明显。数字牙片的投照剂量较传统牙片明显减小,减少的幅度约为50％～80％。结论:数字化牙片拍摄时应适当增加投照角度,减少投照剂量。它可以大大减少患者暴露在X线中的时间并且降低拍摄牙片对人体的损害。     

25例骨筋膜室综合征的观察与护理

2002年6月~2005年7月对25例骨筋膜室综合征患者行筋膜切开术的观察与护理。术前重点行伤肢病情的动态监护及心理疏导,克服患者恐惧心理。术后重点是创面的护理及伤肢的功能锻炼及指导。本组效果满意,随访3个月至2年,无肢体功能障碍发生,患者均能恢复正常生活和劳动。     

Gelatin- and Papaya-Based Biodegradable and Edible Packaging Films to Counter Plastic Waste Generation

Most of the food packaging materials used in the market are petroleum-based plastics; such materials are neither biodegradable nor environmentally friendly and require years to decompose. To overcome these problems, biodegradable and edible materials are encouraged to be used because such materials degrade quickly due to the actions of bacteria, fungi, and other environmental effects. In this work, commonly available household materials such as gelatin, soy protein, corn starch, and papaya were used to prepare cost-effective lab-scale biodegradable and edible packaging film as an effective alternative to commercial plastics to reduce waste generation. Prepared films were characterized in terms of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), optical transparency, and tensile strength. FTIR confirmed the addition of papaya and soy protein to the gelatin backbone. WVTR of the gelatin-papaya films was recorded to be less than 50 g/m²/day. This water vapor barrier was five times better than films of pristine gelatin. The gelatin, papaya, and soy protein films exhibited transparencies of around 70% in the visible region. The tensile strength of the film was 2.44 MPa, which improved by a factor of 1.5 for the films containing papaya and soy protein. The barrier qualities of the gelatin and gelatin-papaya films maintained the properties even after going through 2000 bending cycles. From the results, it is inferred that the prepared films are ideally suitable for food encapsulation and their production on a larger scale can considerably cut down the plastic wastage.     

3D打印头膜固定技术在头部肿瘤放疗的应用研究

目的 为头部放疗患者定制个体化3D打印头膜,通过与热塑头膜对比,评价其材质的物理特性及该技术的摆位精准度。方法 分别将3D打印头膜和热塑头膜置于固体水表面,通过电离室和胶片测量深度5cm处和表面剂量来进行剂量学评估。选取30例头部放疗患者随机分为对照组和试验组,分别采用热塑头膜和3D打印头膜进行固定,通过CBCT获取患者X、Y、Z方向的平移和旋转摆位误差来进行临床摆位误差评估。结果 深度5cm处两种材质对射线衰减率均<1%。表面位置热塑头膜剂量升高27%,3D打印头膜升高18%。两组患者各取116组摆位误差数据,对照组和试验组X、Y、Z方向平均平移误差分别为1.29mm和1.16mm、1.42mm和1.24mm、1.38mm和1.16mm;平均旋转摆位误差分别为1.29°和1.08°、1.02°和0.96°、1.01°和1.00°。与对照组相比,试验组患者在Y、Z方向平移摆位误差和X方向旋转摆位误差不同(P<0.05),其他方向相近(P>0.05)。结论 3D打印头膜体位固定技术符合现代放疗的精准摆位要求,具有较高的临床实用价值,可用于进一步临床研究。     

四种纳米粒径钛片生物相容性检测

目的研究4种纳米粒径钛片的生物相容性。方法分别在常温、100℃、250℃和380℃,采用直流磁控溅射法,形成4种纳米粒径表面的钛片。在24孔培养板上,将SD（Sprague-Dawley）乳鼠第3代成骨细胞接种于4种纳米粒径的钛片和未处理的钛片表面,分别为常温组、100℃组、250℃组、380℃组、非处理组;另设1个空白对照组,细胞培养板内不放入钛片。四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法测定6组细胞的增殖情况。结果培养后第1、4、7天,250℃组和380℃组材料表面细胞持续增殖,其中250℃组最高;培养后第7天,4个温度处理组细胞光密度值与非处理组的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论纳米化纯钛材料表面可促进成骨细胞的增殖。     

影响手工制备浓缩血小板数量因素的探讨

目的：探讨手工制备浓缩血小板的影响因素,提高手工浓缩血小板的质量。方法：2008年1～12月随机选择献血者且献血前72h内未服用过阿司匹林类药物,采集顺畅;采用两种形状的血袋及两种规格的血液,通过不同的离心条件及同一分离手法制备手工浓缩血小板。结果：按＂白膜法1＂制备浓缩血小板收集效果好;400ml全血制备浓缩血小板含量高。结论：手工制备浓缩血小板的数量除献血者本身因素外,离心条件、血液规格及血袋的形状对收集血小板均有影响。