Ⅰ型肱骨小头合并尺骨鹰嘴骨折诊治体会

2007年1月～2010年12月,我院对5例Ⅰ型肱骨小头合并尺骨鹰嘴骨折患者采用肘关节外侧入路克氏针内固定治疗,获得良好效果,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组5例,女4例,男1例,年龄15～25岁。左侧2例,右侧3     

罗哌卡因股神经导管不同给药方式对术后镇痛的影响

目的 探讨罗哌卡因股神经导管不同给药方式用于全膝关节置换术后镇痛的效果.方法 拟行全膝关节置换术患者40例,随机均分为持续给药组(A组,0.20％罗哌卡因)和间断给药组(B组,0.33％罗哌卡因).观察患者术后48 h内VAS评分及拔管后24 h股神经感觉功能和改良Bromage评分.结果 术后24hB组静息和运动时VAS评分均明显低于A组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).术后48 hB组运动时VAS评分明显低于A组(P＜0.05).B组罗哌卡因用量明显低于A组(P＜0.01).B组芬太尼用量明显低于A组(P＜0.05).所有患者神经功能恢复均未出现延迟.结论 经股神经导管持续或间断给予罗哌卡因均能提供较好的镇痛效果,对股神经功能均没有明显影响;0.33％罗哌卡因间断给药可减少镇痛药用量.     

手术干预因素对过伸性颈脊髓水肿损伤伴脊髓中央软化灶形成的预后影响及软化灶形成的病理分析

目的 探讨手术干预因素对过伸性颈脊髓水肿损伤伴脊髓中央软化灶形成神经功能恢复的影响,并观察软化灶形成.方法 同顾性分析2006年1月至2010年8月收治的36例过伸性颈脊髓水肿损伤接受手术治疗后脊髓软化灶形成患者资料,通过损伤病理及MRI观察颈脊髓软化灶形成.比较患者手术(不同手术时间和不同手术入路)前、后美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)运动功能评分(AMS)和恢复率(RR). 结果 所有患者术后获12 ～52个月(平均28个月)随访.术后1个月和6个月颈椎MRI发现脊髓中央局灶性软化灶形成,术后6个月及末次随访复查软化灶仍存在.各组与入院时相比,术后6个月和末次随访时AMS评分明显提高;末次随访时与术后6个月AMS比较明显提高.术后RR比较,24 h内手术组高于24 h后手术组,前路手术、前后路手术组高于后路手术组,以上指标差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 早期手术、直接充分的脊髓减压能明显提高过伸性颈髓水肿损伤伴脊髓中央软化灶形成患者术后RR.手术6个月以后颈脊髓中央软化灶形成患者神经功能恢复缓慢,趋于平台期.     

Median nerve deformation in differential finger motions: ultrasonographic comparison of carpal tunnel syndrome patients and healthy controls

We investigated the median nerve deformation in the carpal tunnel in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and controls during thumb, index finger, middle finger, and a four finger motion, using ultrasound. Both wrists of 29 asymptomatic volunteers and 29 patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome were evaluated by ultrasound. Cross‐sectional images during motion from full extension to flexion were recorded. Median nerve cross‐sectional area, perimeter, aspect ratio of the minimal enclosing rectangle, and circularity in extension and flexion positions were calculated. Additionally, a deformation index was calculated. We also calculated the intra‐rater reliability. In both controls and patients, the median nerve cross‐sectional area became significantly smaller from extension to flexion in all finger motions (p < 0.05). In flexion and extension, regardless of the specific finger motion, the median nerve deformation, circularity and the change in perimeter were all significantly greater in CTS patients than in controls (p < 0.05). We found excellent intra‐rater reliability for all measurements (ICC > 0.84). With this study we have shown that it is possible to assess the deformation of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome with ultrasonography and that there is more deformation of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome patients during active finger motion. These parameters might be useful in the evaluation of kinematics within the carpal tunnel, and in furthering our understanding of the biomechanics of carpal tunnel syndrome in the future. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:643–648, 2012     

甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经以避免喉返神经损伤的临床意义

目的探讨甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经(RLN)对预防RLN损伤的临床意义。方法回顾性分析2006年9月至2011年8月期间我院行甲状腺全切除术和次全切除术1 723例患者的临床资料,其中行显露RLN术式914例,共显露RLN 1 203条;行不显露RLN术式809例,共行1 013侧甲状腺腺叶切除手术。比较术后RLN损伤情况及术后6个月声带恢复情况。结果显露组与不显露组RLN损伤发生率分别为0.91%(11/1 203)和2.07%(21/1 013),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访6个月,显露组与不显露组分别有0例和13例(61.9%,13/21)永久性RLN损伤,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论在甲状腺全切除和次全切除术中,显露并注意保护RLN能最大程度地避免RLN损伤,尤其是永久性RLN损伤。     

单纯钩骨钩骨折致尺神经深支损伤的临床研究

目的探讨单纯钩骨钩骨折致尺神经深支损伤的致病机理。方法采用16侧甲醛固定和4侧新鲜成人尸体标本。以钩骨钩中点为O,过O点作一条水平线及垂线,水平线与尺神经深支的交点为A点,与钩骨钩基底尺侧交点为B点,垂线与尺神经的交点为C点,分别测量OA、OB、OC、AB长度,并进行统计学分析;对1996年4月~2009年6月5例单纯钩骨钩骨折合并尺神经深支损伤进行回顾分析。结果尺神经深支绕过钩骨钩的基底部进入掌深间隙,OA的长度为(4.96±0.11)mm、OB的长度(3.69±0.12)mm、OC的长度(10.55±1.07)mm、AB的长度为(1.27±0.15)mm;5例根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢周围神经功能评定试用标准:优4例,良1例。结论单纯钩骨钩骨折可致尺神经深支损伤但临床容易漏诊,早期正确诊治是神经功能得以恢复的关键。     

The incidence and causes of erectile dysfunction after pelvic fractures associated with posterior urethral disruption

PURPOSE: Erectile dysfunction is a common sequel of pelvic fractures, particularly those associated with posterior urethral injury when it can be neurogenic or arteriogenic due to damage to the cavernous nerves or branches of the pudendal arteries. We studied erectile function of patients with posterior urethral injuries due to pelvic fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients referred for posterior urethral reconstruction and strictures due to pelvic fractures were evaluated before reconstruction. All patients underwent nocturnal penile tumescence testing, and if those results were abnormal, penile duplex ultrasound with intracavernous injection was performed. Patients with normal vascular function on duplex ultrasound were diagnosed with neurogenic erectile dysfunction. Those patients with abnormal arterial function on duplex ultrasound underwent arteriography to further define the extent and location of arterial damage. RESULTS: The study included 25 consecutive patients with posterior urethral strictures and a mean age of 28.6 years. Of the patients 18 (72%) had erectile dysfunction as demonstrated by nocturnal penile tumescence and all underwent penile duplex ultrasound. Ultrasound confirmed normal vascular response in 13 of the 18 patients and they were diagnosed with probable neurogenic erectile dysfunction. The remaining 5 patients (28%) with erectile dysfunction had an abnormal arterial response, and significant arterial pathology was confirmed by arteriography. CONCLUSIONS: Erectile dysfunction is common in patients with pelvic fractures associated with urethral injury. We believe that erectile function should be assessed and documented in such patients before attempting urethroplasty. In the majority of these patients erectile dysfunction is caused by disruption of the cavernous nerves with sparing of arterial inflow.     

Effects of ejaculation by penile vibratory stimulation on bladder capacity in men with spinal cord lesions

PURPOSE: We examined the effects of ejaculation by penile vibratory stimulation on bladder capacity in men with spinal cord lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Included in our study were 14 men with spinal cord lesions from C4 to T7 with detrusor hyperreflexia. Cystometry was performed before and immediately after ejaculation by penile vibratory stimulation to establish baseline conditions and repeated after 1 month of ejaculation by penile vibratory stimulation every third day. The third cystometry study was done after 1 month of ejaculation by penile vibratory stimulation every third day at home to determine any long-term effects of treatment. This third cystometry was performed 72 hours after the last ejaculation to exclude any acute effects of ejaculation by penile vibratory stimulation on detrusor hyperreflexia. In addition, 1 to 3 days later ejaculation was induced by penile vibratory stimulation and immediately followed by cystometry to examine whether it was possible to achieve an acute effect as well as a potential long-term effect. RESULTS: Baseline urodynamic investigations revealed bladder hyperreflexia and external sphincter dyssynergia in all individuals. There was no statistically significant difference in bladder capacity at leak point before and immediately after ejaculation by penile vibratory stimulation. However, after 4 weeks of frequent penile vibratory stimulation treatment bladder capacity at leak point increased significantly from a median of 190 ml. (range 17 to 700) at baseline to 293 (range 30 to 700) (Wilcoxon signed rank test p = 0.03). Furthermore, there was a trend toward decreased intravesical pressure during the filling phase. CONCLUSIONS: Ejaculation by penile vibratory stimulation was associated with a significant increase in bladder capacity at leak point after 4 weeks of frequent treatment. This finding may have implications in the management of incontinence in men with spinal cord lesions.     

自体中1/3股二头肌腱和股薄肌重建膝关节后外侧角韧带复合体损伤

目的 探讨采用自体中1/3股二头肌腱和股薄肌重建膝关节后外侧角韧带复合体(PLC)的技术及近期的疗效. 方法 本组21例,均为联合型的直向外侧+后外侧旋转＞Ⅱ度不稳定,重建范围:胭肌腱、外侧副韧带、胭腓韧带.术中单独提取健侧或患侧股薄肌重建膕肌腱.切取股二头肌肌腱中1/3部,折叠后对折端拉入股骨外髁骨隧道固定,分出的前束重建外侧副韧带(LCL),后束重建胭腓韧带. 结果 术后随访6～24个月,平均16个月.Lyshohn膝关节功能评分,术前为(43±2)分,术后半年为(90±3)分,有明显改进. 结论 PLC损伤可造成患肢功能受损,采用自体中1/3股二头肌腱和股薄肌修复重建韧带手术可获得良好预后.     

心肌营养素-1基因转染对大鼠脑损伤的保护作用

目的 在体观察腺病毒介导的心肌营养素-1基因(Adv-CT1)脑内转染对创伤大脑组织细胞的生物效应,探讨CT-1对创伤性脑损伤(TBI)治疗的作用和机制.方法 以Allen方法建立大鼠TBI模型,利用Adv-CT1脑内转染技术,以Nissl染色、原位细胞凋亡检测、流式细胞凋亡检测等技术,观察CT-1基因治疗TBI后创伤大脑细胞凋亡及存活的变化及规律.结果 TBI后12 h～7 d创伤对照组大脑皮层和海马等损伤脑区细胞凋亡明显增加,存活细胞减少;利用Adv-CT1脑内转染治疗TBI,伤后12 h～14 d损伤脑区凋亡细胞较创伤对照组减少,存活细胞增加.结论 CT-1可减少TBI后脑细胞凋亡发生,增加脑细胞的存活数量,对损伤脑区细胞的生存有保护作用.