妇科肿瘤患者PICC知情同意移动医疗决策辅助程序的设计与实施

目的设计并实施PICC知情同意移动医疗决策辅助程序,增强患者决策参与意愿。方法将妇科肿瘤科行PICC化疗的86例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各43例,对照组采用常规PICC知情同意,观察组在对照组基础上,利用移动护理信息系统,构建并实施妇科肿瘤患者PICC知情同意移动医疗决策辅助程序。结果观察组焦虑抑郁状态评分显著低于对照组,患者的决策实际参与程度显著高于对照组,患者决策参与满意度总分及各维度得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论PICC知情同意移动医疗决策辅助程序为妇科肿瘤患者提供精准化的决策辅助,缓解了患者置管时的焦虑抑郁情绪,提高了患者决策实际参与程度及满意度。     

Is there a glass ceiling at national trauma meetings?

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of women at national trauma meetings.MethodsAvailable scientific programs for the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (2013-19), Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (2010-19), and Western Trauma Association (2010-19) as well as the Scudder Oration at the American College of Surgeons (1963–2019), were reviewed for names of participants and categorized by gender.ResultsWomen made up 963 of 2746 (35.1%) of presenters, 252 of 1020 (24.7%) of discussants, 116 of 622 (18.6%) of moderators of scientific sessions, 189 of 707 (26.7%) of panelists, and 69 of 254 (27.2%) of panel moderators. Only 12 of 126 (9.5%) of named lectures or presidential addresses were given by women.ConclusionsThe low rate of female named speakers suggests that there remains a “glass ceiling” when it comes to upper-level participation in national trauma meetings.     

基于数据挖掘的中医药治疗小儿湿疹组方用药规律研究

目的：通过应用中医传承辅助平台（V 2.5）挖掘中医药治疗小儿湿疹的组方用药规律,并对高频药物、用药模式及治疗思路进行探讨。方法：搜集国家知识基础设施数据库（CNKI）、中国学术期刊数据库（CSPD）及中文科技期刊数据库（CCD）中2000—2021年应用中医药治疗小儿湿疹的相关文献,经过筛选后建立方药数据库,运用中医传承辅助平台（V 2.5）集成的改进互信息法、关联规则Apriori算法、复杂系统熵聚类与无监督熵聚类等算法对药物频次、性味归经、用药模式、规则分析及新处方等结果进行输出,并进行网络可视化展示。结果：纳入处方200首,共涉及206味中药,高频药物包括甘草、白鲜皮、薏苡仁、茯苓、生地黄、金银花、蝉蜕、地肤子、防风、牡丹皮等,药性以寒性（52.76%）居多,药味以甘（38.89%）、苦（33.37%）、辛（21.96%）味为主,归经以胃经（1 138次）、脾经（1 088次）、肝经（1 061次）居多,并且得到药物之间的关联规则,以及新处方6个。结论：小儿湿疹用药以补虚药、利水渗湿药、清热药、清热解毒药、解表药为主,治疗以疏风清热,燥湿健脾,养血活血为主要大法,分析结果与本病诊疗指南较为吻合,可为小儿湿疹的临床治疗及新药开发提供参考。     

中药配伍减毒增效的现代研究及思考

中药配伍是中医药临床应用的精华之一,合理配伍是保障中药临床用药有效性和安全性的重要措施。配伍后减毒增效机制的研究是诠释中药配伍合理性的关键内容。中药配伍机制研究正处于从体外到体内、成分到靶标、单一技术到多学科融合研究技术的转变历程,因此提出以“体外成分、体内过程、直接靶标”研究为基础,“中药配伍药理机制研究”为目的,从不同角度和不同层面探索中药配伍后作用机制的研究策略。     

四君子汤非多糖功效组分的体外人源肠、肝微粒体代谢研究

目的 对四君子汤非多糖组分的主要活性成分进行人源肠、肝微粒体中的代谢过程研究,明确其在肠、肝中的代谢轮廓及代谢差异,为其临床应用提供科学证据。方法 应用Acquity UPLC I-class/VION IMS QTOF技术分析四君子汤非多糖组分中主要活性成分（异甘草苷、甘草素、甘草酸、甘草次酸、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷CK、白术内酯III）在人源肠、肝微粒体孵育体系下的代谢产物以及代谢转化途径。结果 甘草酸、甘草次酸在人源肠、肝微粒体中均以I相代谢为主;而甘草素、异甘草苷、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷CK则以肠II相代谢为主。白术内酯III在肠、肝微粒体中代谢均不显著,而四君子汤非多糖功效组分中其他化合物在肠微粒体中代谢速度均比在肝微粒体中更快。此外,甘草皂苷、人参皂苷主要进行脱糖基反应;异甘草苷以脱糖、羟基化等反应为主;甘草素则以葡萄糖醛酸结合为主;白术内酯III则主要发生水解、羟基化反应。结论 阐明了四君子汤非多糖组分中主要活性成分在人体肠道及肝脏中的代谢轮廓及代谢差异,为后续进行四君子汤非多糖功效组分的药效研究提供了数据支持,也为中药复方的功效组分研究提供了思路和策略。     

Pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm

Pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) is a rare low grade malignant tumour. Distinguishing this entity from other pancreatic neoplasms is critical for therapeutic decision making and prognostication. It predominantly affects young female patients <40 years of age, with excellent clinical outcome following surgical removal. The gold standard diagnostic test is cytopathological or histopathological assessment of fine needle aspirate. There are two main difficulties with this. First, SPN can present with morphological and immunohistochemical appearances that can closely mimic other pancreatic tumours, in particular, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (NET). Second, the amount of diagnostic material from fine needle aspiration can be limited. Here, we present a cytopathological case with both challenges during the pre-operative investigation of SPN. The case exemplifies the importance of combining morphological features with a targeted panel of immunohistochemistry to arrive at the diagnosis.     

ALPPS与采用不同栓塞材料PVE对肝再生及手术切除率影响研究

目的 比较不同栓塞材料的门静脉栓塞术（PVE）与联合肝脏分隔和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术（ALPPS）对剩余肝体积（FLR）增长速率的影响,比较各组FLR的增长速率,二期手术切除率、术中数据和术后并发症。方法 采用单中心、前瞻性、非随机对照的对比研究。2014年11月至2019年12月,海军军医大学第三附属医院共126例因FLR不足导致无法切除的肝细胞癌（HCC）或肝内胆管癌（ICC）病人,将其分为4组：ALPPS组及分别采用氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（NBCA）、微球、明胶海绵作为栓塞材料的PVE组。主要终点为FLR增长速率和二期手术切除率。结果 各组的手术切除例数及二期手术切除率分别为：ALPPS组38例（99.4%）,NBCA组32例（76.2%）,明胶海绵组20例（60.6%）,微球组10例（83.3%）。ALPPS组、NBCA组、微球组的FLR增长速率分别为15.1 mL/d,10.0 mL/d和 8.5 mL/d,均高于明胶海绵组（3.7 mL/d）。结论 采用NBCA及微球作为栓塞材料的PVE导致FLR增长速率低于ALPPS,两种栓塞材料的PVE二期手术切除率相当。使用NBCA作为栓塞材料的PVE其FLR增长速率高于微球,且这两种栓塞材料的栓塞效果均优于明胶海绵。     

原发性肝癌切除术后门静脉血栓相关性肝坏死的临床分析

目的 探讨原发性肝癌切除术后门静脉血栓相关性肝坏死的临床表现及诊疗方法。方法 回顾性分析上海东方肝胆外科医院2018年11月至2019年10月8例原发性肝癌切除术后门静脉血栓相关性肝坏死患者的临床资料,包括患者的人口统计学特征、临床表现、手术方式、实验室检查及影像学检查结果、临床诊疗及预后等。结果 原发性肝癌切除术后门静脉血栓相关性肝坏死均发生在术后2周内,无特异性临床症状和体征,实验室检查主要表现为肝功能谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶急剧升高,凝血功能指标异常。8例患者中增强CT显示肝脏呈广泛性坏死6例,局限性坏死2例,显示门脉血栓形成5例,肝脏坏死的发生部位与血栓形成的门静脉支血供区域并非完全相关。超声检查5例,均未能显示肝脏组织坏死改变,显示门脉血栓形成4例。8例患者中,7例予以抗凝、改善微循环、护肝等治疗,5例存活,2例死亡;1例患者病情较轻,给予低分子右旋糖酐、改善微循环等治疗后病情缓解。结论 肝功能急剧恶化为原发性肝癌切除术后早期发生门静脉血栓相关性肝坏死主要初发表现,肝脏广泛性坏死或局限性坏死、伴有或不伴有门脉血栓的增强CT表现为其影像学特征。抗凝、改善微循环治疗有一定效果。该病症确切的发病机制、有效的防治方法需要重视和进一步研究。     

Wound outcomes and factors associated with wound healing after first-time femoropopliteal artery intervention in patients with ischemic tissue loss

Background/objectiveThis study’s goal is to describe wound outcomes at 2 years following intervention for atherosclerotic femoropopliteal lesions in patients with ischemic tissue loss.MethodsA retrospective review of 135 first-time endovascular procedures for chronic femoropopliteal atherosclerotic lesions related to ischemic tissue loss was performed. The final wound outcomes were categorized according to the initial wound healing, recurrence and the need of major/minor amputation.ResultsAt 2-years of follow up, 76 limbs (56.3%) showed complete wound healing without recurrence, however, wound development occurred at other sites on the same foot following complete primary healing in 11 limbs (8.1%). Tolerable wounds persisted or wounds recurred at the same site in 30 limbs (22.2%), and 18 limbs (13.3%) needed major amputations. Independent factors that prevented wound healing without recurrence at 2 years were renal insufficiency (HR = 0.225, 95% C.I. = 0.091–0.556, p = 0.001), ankle pressure < 50 mmHg or flat forefoot PVR (HR = 0.328, 95% C.I. = 0.124–0.867, p = 0.025) and functional performance < 4 metabolic equivalents (MET) (HR = 0.150, 95% C.I. = 0.063–0.360, p < 0.001).ConclusionWound outcome classifications showed detailed information regarding clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic tissue loss. Renal insufficiency, ischemia grade 3 and poor functional performance were independent risk factors that prevented wound healing.