Closed suction drainage for deep neck infections

PurposeThere have been various incision and drainage methods for deep neck infection (DNI). Closed-suction drainage (CSD) has been used to decrease hematoma or to drain pus in other forms of medical surgery. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the usefulness of CSD for DNI.Patients and methodsThis study consisted of 30 patients who underwent CSD after incision and drainage for DNI between January 2006 and December 2011. The patients' demographics, systemic diseases, methods of airway control, involved spaces, incision, CSD results, duration of hospitalization, and complications were investigated.ResultsCSD was used to treat 30 DNI patients. Eleven patients (37%) had underlying systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hepatitis, asthma, etc. Twenty four patients (80%) had odontogenic infections in the mandibular molar region. Tracheostomy was performed in 5 patients (17%). The involved spaces were various from parapharyngeal space to mediastinum (mean: 4.8 spaces), and CSD was applied with drainage lines (mean: 3; 2–7 drains) over the course of 4–37 days (mean 14.6 days). The total amount of drained pus was 8–1344 cc (mean: 406 cc) and the daily amount was 1–61 cc (mean: 28 cc) from each patient. The mean length of hospital stay was 26 days, with a range of 9–83 days. Wound rupture happened in 7% of 56 total incision sites and spontaneous removal of the drain tube occurred in 3% of 91 total tubes. Four patients died because of cardiac arrest, pulmonary edema, and hypoxia. A statistical significance was accepted about total and daily amount of drainage at Pearson's correlation test (p < 0.001).ConclusionAccurate diagnosis, safe airway management, and early surgical drainage were important in DNI treatment. Compared to other drainage systems, CSD is clinically useful for treating DNI due to minimal incision, convenience of post-operative management, and less postoperative complications.     

Endoscopic ultrasonography guided drainage:Summary of consortium meeting,May 21,2012,San Diego,California

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is the preferred procedure for biliary and pancreatic drainage.While ERCP is successful in about 95% of cases,a small subset of cases are unsuccessful due to altered anatomy,peri-ampullary pathology,or malignant obstruction.Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage is a promising technique for biliary,pancreatic and recently gallbladder decompression,which provides multiple advantages over percutaneous or surgical biliary drainage.Multiple retrospective and some prospective studies have shown endoscopic ultrasoundguided drainage to be safe and effective.Based on the currently reported literature,regardless of the approach,the cumulative success rate is 84%-93% with an overall complication rate of 16%-35%.endoscopic ultrasoundguided drainage seems a viable therapeutic modality for failed conventional drainage when performed by highly skilled advanced endoscopists at tertiary centers with expertise in both echo-endoscopy and therapeutic endoscopy     

Digital thoracic drainage: a new system to monitor air leaks in pediatric population

Introduction

New digital thoracic drainage systems allow an objective measurement of air leakage. They have proven their usefulness in the postoperative thoracic surgery in adults, but there is little experience with its use in the pediatric population. The objective of our study is to analyze their safety and effectiveness in the postoperative period of the pediatric patients.

Prophylactic intra-abdominal drainage following colorectal anastomoses. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundClinically evident Anastomotic Leakage (AL) remains one of the most feared complications after colorectal resections with primary anastomosis. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether Prophylactic Drainage (PD) after colorectal anastomoses confers any advantage in the prevention and management of AL.MethodsSystematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE databases for randomized studies comparing clinical outcomes of patients with Drained (D) or Undrained (UD) colorectal anastomoses performed for any cause.ResultsFour randomized controlled trials comparing D and UD patients undergoing colorectal resections with primary anastomosis were included for quantitative synthesis. In total, 1120 patients were allocated to group D (n = 566) or group UD (n = 554). The clinical AL rate was 8.5% in the D group and 7.6% in the UD group, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.57). Rates of radiological AL (D: 4.2% versus UD: 5.6%; P = 0.42), mortality (D: 3.6% versus UD: 4.4%; P = 0.63), overall morbidity (D: 16.6% versus UD: 18.6%, P = 0.38), wound infection (D: 5.4% versus UD: 5.3%, P = 0.95), pelvic sepsis (D: 9.7% versus UD: 10.5%, P = 0.75), postoperative bowel obstruction (D: 9.9% versus UD: 6.9%, P = 0.07), and reintervention for abdominal complication (D: 9.1% versus UD: 7.9%, P = 0.48) were equivalent between the two groups.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the value of PD following colorectal anastomoses does not support the routine use of prophylactic drains.     

四肢烧伤患者行急诊负压封闭引流术的疗效观察

目的探究应用急诊切痂植皮配合负压封闭引流术治疗四肢烧伤的临床疗效。方法按随机抽取法将医院2018年2月—2019年1月间收治的57例四肢烧伤患者分为常规组和实验组,常规组28例,实验组29例。给予常规组患者急诊切痂植皮,用常规换药配合治疗,而实验组在常规组的基础上用负压封闭引流术配合治疗。比较常规组患者和实验组患者的临床效果、疼痛程度评分。结果两组患者的总有效率对比,实验组总有效率吗,明显高于常规组的总有效率,实验和常规组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。常规组患者的疼痛评分高于实验组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论四肢烧伤患者通过应用急诊切痂植皮配合负压封闭引流术治疗后,临床效果得到有效改善,质量生活水平得到提高。     

间歇性负压封闭引流联合自体皮瓣原位弹性绷带加压包扎对溃疡期压疮疗效分析

目的探讨间歇性负压封闭引流(VSD)联合自体皮瓣原位弹性绷带加压包扎对III~Ⅳ期溃疡期压疮疗效的影响。方法选择2009年4月~2014年3月我科住院治疗的溃疡性压疮患者40例作为观察组,采用间歇性VSD联合自体皮瓣原位弹性绷带加压包扎的治疗方法。选择同期我科住院治疗的III~Ⅳ期溃疡性压疮患者25例作为对照组,采用常规换药联合自体皮瓣原位弹性绷带加压包扎的治疗方法。观察两组感染发生率、愈合情况及住院时间,并进行比较。结果观察组感染率为0,对照组感染率为76%,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.05);观察组皮瓣修复术前住院时间、术后住院时间、总住院时间较对照组明显缩短,两组比较有显著性差异差异(P0.05)。两组皮瓣面积、一期愈合、复发情况比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论间歇性VSD联合自体皮瓣原位弹性绷带加压包扎,能阻止溃疡期压疮创面感染,促进创面愈合,改善预后。     

脑室外引流术后并发颅内感染影响因素分析

目的：探讨脑室外引流术后并发颅内感染的影响因素。方法对105例经额脑室前角穿刺脑室外引流术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果在排除年龄、性别、手术耗时等干扰因素的情况下：（1）置管时间＞10 d者颅内感染率最高（16．0％），其次是≥7 d者（12．5％），＜7 d者最低（10．0％）。（2）单侧外引流颅内感染率低于双侧外引流（10．5％/16．7％）。（3）引流管在原切口的颅内感染率最高（23．1％），距原切口3 cm-5 cm的感染率最低（9．5％）。（4）未预防性应用抗生素的感染率最高（10．7％），术后3d鞘内注射感染率最低（4．5％）。结论脑室外引流术后并发颅内感染受影响因素众多，对患者进行全面的观察和治疗，可有效避免或减少颅内感染的发生。     

输尿管软镜内切开引流术及后腹腔镜 下囊肿去顶术的疗效对比研究

目的 对比经尿道输尿管软镜下肾囊肿内切开引流术和后腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶术临床疗效。方法 选取40例肾囊肿患者。年龄44~75岁，平均年龄61岁，随机分为两组，即实验组（输尿管软镜下内切开引流肾囊肿）和对照组（后腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶术），观察两组患者治疗效果、并发症及术后随访结果。结果 两组手术均成功，对照组因为1例患者粘连比较严重而改为开放手术，术中术后均无明显的并发症，术后复查CT或者B超提示肾囊肿消失或直径缩小至术前一半以上。而术中的手术时间，术中出血量，术后疼痛分数及术后住院时间方面，实验组均优于对照组，差异均有显性（P <0.05）。随访12个月，期间，两组未发现肾囊肿复发。结论 经尿道输尿管软镜技术治疗肾囊肿（与肾集合系统毗邻的肾囊肿）具有近期微创，安全，有效，无痛苦，并发症少，住院时间短，恢复快，美容效果极佳的疗效，但远期效果需要进一步观察。     

腰穿持续外引流的护理及并发症观察

腰穿持续外引流是指用体外监测引流系统进行腰椎穿刺，接一次性脑室引流袋，通过调节引流袋的高度，脑脊液经腰大池缓慢、均匀引出体外的一种治疗方法［1 ］ 。目前，该方法具有损伤小、操作简便、带管时间长、感染率低、疗效明显、并发症小等优点，得到临床广泛推广。我院2012 年6 月－ 2014 年6月，对87 例神经外科患者进行腰穿持续外引流，现将护理体会总结如下。     

Consensus document on community-acquired pneumonia in children. SENP-SEPAR-SEIP

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a prevalent disease among children and is frequently associated with both diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainties. Consensus has been reached between SEPAR, SENP and SEIP, and their conclusions are as follows:Etiology depends mainly on age and other factors and no single analytical marker offers absolute diagnostic reliability.In the event of clinical suspicion of pneumonia in a healthy child, chest X-ray is not necessary. Chest ultrasound is increasingly implemented as a follow-up method, and even as a diagnostic method.The empirical antibiotic treatment of choice In typical forms of the disease is oral amoxicillin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day for 7 days, while in atypical presentations in children older than 5 years, macrolides should be selected. In severe typical forms, the combination of 3rd generation cephalosporins and cloxacillin (or clindamycin or vancomycin) administered intravenously is recommended.If pleural drainage is required, ultrasound-guided insertion of a small catheter is recommended. Intrapleural administration of fibrinolytics (urokinase) reduces hospital stay compared to simple pleural drainage.In parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE), antibiotic treatment combined with pleural drainage and fibrinolytics is associated with a similar hospital stay and complication rate as antibiotic treatment plus video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS).Systematic pneumococcal conjugate vaccination is recommended in children under 5 years of age, as it reduces the incidence of CAP and hospitalization for this disease.