专病护理的个案管理模式在行PTCD的梗阻性黄疸病人中的应用效果

目的:探讨专病护理的个案管理模式在行经皮肝穿刺胆管引流(PTCD)术的梗阻性黄疸病人中的应用效果。方法:选取2017年1月—2017年12月和2018年2月—2018年12月就诊于郑州大学第一附属医院介入科一病区且首次诊断为梗阻性黄疸的病人130例为研究对象,按照入院时间的先后顺序分为对照组65例(2017年1月—2017年12月入院),观察组65例(2018年2月—2018年12月入院)。对照组采取常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采取专病护理的个案管理模式,比较两组病人术后并发症发生情况、疾病知识知晓率及护理满意率。结果:观察组病人疾病知识知晓率及护理满意度明显高于对照组(P<0.05),术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:专病护理的个案管理模式应用于行PTCD的梗阻性黄疸病人,明显提高了病人疾病知识知晓率,减少了术后并发症的发生,同时提高了病人的护理满意度。     

Treatment of two newborns with esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula complicated by gastric perforation: choosing the simple way

Abstract

Objective: Gastric distention and perforation are possible results in a preterm newborn with esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula, especially when there is a need for mechanical ventilatory support. The results of the reported cases treated with emergency thoracotomy and fistula ligation after gastrostomy are not very satisfactory. Sometimes simple temporary solutions can be useful for stabilization and allow safety for required surgical treatment for later.

Patient and methods: Two preterm newborns with esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula complicated by gastric perforation were reported.

Results: Both of the patients were initially treated with a simple peritoneal drainage and, then the definitive operations were performed without any problem in stabilized patients.

Conclusion: Performing fistula ligation or occlusion as an initial treatment in patients with impaired cardiac and respiratory functions may worsen the status of the patient. In such cases, it could be better to perform simple interventions first to facilitate subsequent treatments.     

静脉留置针持续引流处理乳腺癌术后皮下积液的临床分析

目的:探讨采用静脉留置针持续引流处理乳腺癌术后皮下积液的效果。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月～2019年12月收治的89例乳腺癌术后皮下积液患者的临床资料。根据处理方式不同将患者分为传统抽吸组35例和留置引流组54例。传统抽吸组每日用一次性50 ml注射器穿刺后抽吸积液,留置引流组用一次性静脉留置针穿刺后留置持续引流。比较两组引流(抽吸)天数、引流(抽吸)总量、穿刺次数、满意度和再选择意愿。结果:留置引流组引流(抽吸)天数、引流(抽吸)总量、穿刺次数均显著少于传统抽吸组,患者满意度和再选择意愿均显著高于传统抽吸组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组皮下积液均经处理后逐渐愈合,均未发生感染、坏死等并发症。结论:采用静脉留置针持续引流处理乳腺癌术后皮下积液,不但可以减少有创操作次数,减轻患者痛苦,还能够缩短积液消退时间,提高患者接受度和满意度。     

负压封闭引流技术在骨科的临床应用进展

负压封闭引流(VSD)技术是临床上用来加速组织愈合、恢复外形及功能的重要治疗方法,最初应用于治疗软组织损伤和开放性骨折,在不断地优化后,现运用于各种类型疾病中,并取得了良好效果。随着对VSD技术在软组织损伤、创面感染和术后切口感染、骨筋膜室综合征、皮肤移植修复、骨髓炎的疗效及作用机制的深入研究,VSD技术已然变成近几年研究的热门之一。目前该技术已日臻完善,覆盖骨科疾病治疗的范围也逐年扩大,在临床疗效上获得了广泛认可,当然,这其中也存在美中不足的部分,需要各方人员不断推陈出新,共克难关。本文就负压封闭引流技术在骨科的临床应用进展作一综述,以利于VSD技术在临床中推广和进一步发展应用。     

Midline extraperitoneal approach for bilateral widespread retroperitoneal abscess originating from anorectal infection

IntroductionAnorectal abscess is one of the most common anorectal conditions encountered in practice. However, such abscesses may rarely extend upward and cause life-threatening medical conditions.Presentation of caseA 53-year-old woman presented with symptoms of anorectal abscess and evidence of severe inflammatory response and acute kidney injury. Computed tomography revealed a widespread abscess extending to the bilateral retroperitoneal spaces. Surgical drainage was performed via a totally extraperitoneal approach through a lower midline abdominal incision, and the patient had a rapid and uncomplicated recovery.DiscussionAlthough retroperitoneal abscesses originating from the anorectal region are rare, they are life-threating events that require immediate treatment. Percutaneous abscess drainage has been recently evolved; however, surgical drainage is required sometimes that may be challenging, particularly in the case of widespread abscesses, as in our case.ConclusionThe midline extraperitoneal approach reported here might be an effective surgical option for patients with bilateral widespread retroperitoneal abscesses.     

带管病人病员服的研制与临床应用

引流管是手术后最常用的基本措施之一，常用的引流管一般有2～3根，多者为5～6根，如胸腔引管、T管、导尿引流管和负压引流。引流管的基本原理是消除积液，消除有害物质，解除管腔阻塞，以达到治疗疾病和伤口愈合的目的。     

Endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage: Patient selection,preparation, and performance

Acute cholecystitis is a common cause of hospital admissions and can result in critically ill patients. For those patients not amenable to cholecystectomy, endoscopic drainage via transpapillary cystic duct stenting or transmural drainage offers a temporizing method for urgent gallbladder decompression. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and the development of novel lumen apposing metal stents can allow for more permanent drainage with comparable outcomes to percutaneous transhepatic catheters. The merits of this approach including the technical and clinical advantages of EUS-guided drainage are discussed further in this review article.     

LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY WITH AND WITHOUT ABDOMINAL PROPHYLACTIC DRAINAGE

Aim: As techniques in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) have improved, the role of routine prophylactic abdominal drainage may be limited. A retrospective review was carried out of patients undergoing elective LC to evaluate the benefit of routine drainage in simple uncomplicated procedures. Methods: This study of 295 patients with cholecystolithiasis or gallbladder polyp included 145 patients who underwent LC with drainage and 150 patients who underwent LC without drainage between 2003 and 2007. Allocation to drain or not to drain was non‐randomized and based on surgeon preference according to intraoperative findings. Patient characteristics, operative results, and postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups with univariate analysis. Results: Time to first flatus and length of postoperative hospital stay in the LC without drainage group were shorter than in the LC with drainage group. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to postoperative complication rate. No complications were noted due to the lack of drain placement. Conclusion: The use of drain after simple elective uncomplicated LC could safely be limited to appropriate patients as judged by the operating surgeon.