不同浓度瑞芬太尼用于分娩镇痛的临床观察

目的：观察不同浓度的瑞芬太尼用于分娩镇痛的临床疗效，以确定最佳剂量。方法选择自然分娩的足月初产妇180例，随机分为A、B、C三组，每组60例，瑞芬太尼静脉输注的浓度分别为0.02μg/（kg·min）、0.04μg/（kg·min）和0.06μg/（kg·min），比较各组的产程时间、宫缩疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、产妇生命体征、应用催产素及器械情况、剖宫产率及新生儿Apgar评分和胎儿胎心率。结果产妇在第一、第二、第三产程持续时间、剖宫产率、催产素使用及器械使用比较差异无统计学意义；A、B两组Ramsay评分相比差异无统计学意义，但C组最高（P＜0.05）；C组出现20例低氧血症，1例出现过度镇静，表现为SpO2迅速下降、嗜睡，但停药并辅助呼吸90 s后恢复；与A、B两组相比，C组新生儿Apgar评分在出生后1 min较低（P＜0.05），但经吸氧5 min后评分均达到10分；A、B两组药物对胎儿胎心率无显著影响，C组有一定影响。结论瑞芬太尼实施分娩镇痛，此药背景输注速度以0.04μg/（kg·min）时镇痛完善，并发症少。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术患者的多模式疼痛管理

目的评价多模式疼痛管理方案应用于肝动脉化疗栓塞术患者的效果。方法将166例肝动脉化疗栓塞术患者随机分为对照组80例和干预组86例,对照组采用传统疼痛管理策略,干预组采用多模式疼痛管理策略,包括建立医生、护士、药师及疼痛治疗师多学科团队,实施多模式镇痛知识宣教、超前非甾体抗炎药镇痛、局部浸润渗透、静脉自控镇痛泵、疼痛分级护理等措施。结果干预组术后24h内疼痛严重程度、不良反应(恶心呕吐、便秘腹胀)发生率及睡眠质量显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论多模式疼痛管理方案可有效控制肝动脉化疗栓塞术患者术后疼痛,有利于促进术后恢复。     

远程无线镇痛泵常见报警原因分析及对策

目的：针对远程无线镇痛泵常见的报警问题分析原因并提出预防及解决方法。方法统计分析2013年1～3月，应用无线镇痛泵的2732例手术患者在使用中所出现的报警问题。结果2732例共出现报警问题1287次，其中，有镇痛不足、堵塞、气泡或无液、电量报警等，经随访人员及时处理，所有报警问题均得以顺利解决。结论在使用远程无线镇痛系统时，预见性评估并解决可能出现的报警问题，正确掌握处理无线镇痛泵报警问题的方法，可有效减少报警发生率，保证镇痛效果，提高患者使用满意度。     

Experiencia y tratamiento anestésico en el implante transcatéter de la prótesis valvular aórtica autoexpandible CoreValve®

ObjectiveTo analyze the experience and anesthetic management in the transcatheter implantation of the CoreValve^® self-expanding aortic valve, in a university tertiary hospital.Material and methodsObservational analytical review of data incorporated into a prospectively maintained database of 142 patients diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis who underwent implantation of a CoreValve^® aortic self-expanding aortic valve between December 2007 and December 2012.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 82.5 ± 6.1 years and the logistic EuroSCORE was 14.9 ± 11.2. General anesthesia was used in 107 patients (75.3%), with local anesthesia with sedation in 35 (24.6%). Local anesthesia and sedation was associated with a lower requirement of vasoactive drugs (P = .003) during implantation. No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 anesthetic techniques in the duration of the procedure, hospital stay, or morbimortality. The success rate was 97.1%. The most common complication was conduction disorders that required implantation of a permanent pacemaker in 46 patients (32.3%). There was no intraoperative mortality, and all-cause mortality at 30 days was 6.3%, with a one-year survival estimated by the Kaplan-Meier of 83.1%.ConclusionsThis study confirms that in patients with severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk, transcatheter implantation of aortic valve is a safe and effective alternative. Both, general anesthesia and local anesthesia with sedation are valid options, depending on the experience of the team.     

帕瑞昔布钠和曲马多在肛周脓肿术中超前镇痛的效果比较

肛周脓肿是肛肠外科常见病和多发病，手术是主要治疗手段，其手术创面通常较大，间隙较深，术后疼痛常较剧烈，因此短期内常需反复依靠镇痛药缓解疼痛。超前镇痛是指在伤害性刺激作用于机体之前采取一定的措施，防治神经中枢敏化，减少或消除伤害引起的疼痛[1]。目前已越来越多地应用于临床，并显示出较好的术后镇痛效果。本研究对帕瑞昔布钠和盐酸曲马多在肛周脓肿术中超前镇痛的临床疗效和不良反应进行比较，为临床实际问题提供解决方案。     

皮格马利翁效应在围手术期肺癌患者呼吸功能锻炼中的应用

目的探讨应用皮格马利翁效应对围手术期肺癌患者呼吸功能锻炼的影响。方法将96例围手术期肺癌患者按照入科时间先后顺序,随机选为观察组48例,对照组48例。对照组给予常规呼吸功能锻炼指导。观察组在入科时就应用皮格马利翁效应实施呼吸功能锻炼指导。观察两组住院期间平均每次锻炼时间、每天锻炼次数及术后5 d内咳嗽排痰的主动性。结果观察组每次锻炼平均时间较对照组长、每天锻炼次数较对照组多(P0.05)。观察组术后咳嗽排痰也较对照组积极、主动。结论应用皮格马利翁效应能提高患者呼吸功能锻炼的依从性,最大效能地发挥患者主观能动性。     

The role of regional anaesthesia and multimodal analgesia in the prevention of chronic postoperative pain: a narrative review

Effective prevention of chronic postoperative pain is an important clinical goal, informed by a growing body of studies. Peri-operative regional anaesthesia remains one of the most important tools in the multimodal analgesic toolbox, blocking injury-induced activation and sensitisation of both the peripheral and central nervous system. We review the definition and taxonomy of chronic postoperative pain, its mechanistic basis and the most recent evidence for the preventative potential of multimodal analgesia, with a special focus on regional anaesthesia. While regional anaesthesia targets several important aspects of the mechanistic pathway leading to chronic postoperative pain, evidence for its efficacy is still mixed, possibly owing to the heterogeneity of risk profiles within the surgical patient, but also to variation in techniques and medications reported in the literature.