女性盆腔炎性疾病经直肠超声诊断技术研究

目的：研究经直肠超声（TRS）技术在女性盆腔炎性疾病中的诊断价值,并与传统经腹超声（TAS）技术进行比较。方法：抽取64例临床诊断为盆腔炎性疾病的妇科患者,进行常规经腹超声检查。排空膀胱及排便后,采用阴式腔内探头再行经直肠超声检查。比较TRS、TAS两种技术在女性盆腔炎性疾病诊断中的显影清晰度及异常声像图诊出率的差异。结果：TRS技术在以子宫和卵巢为中心的近场图像的细微显影分辨能力,明显优于TAS技术（P<0.01）。与传统TAS技术相比,TRS技术可显著提高子宫内膜回声异常、输卵管增粗、子宫直肠窝积液/脓异常图像的诊出率（P值均小于0.05）。TRS对少量宫腔积液、少量子宫直肠窝积液/脓及输卵管增粗的捕获能力均优于TAS技术,但需排除高位远场异常。结论：TRS技术补充了传统的妇科超声诊断技术,其对盆腔炎性疾病的诊断能力优于TAS技术,可做为女性上生殖道炎性疾病的辅助诊断手段。     

Sharma's parachute sign a new laparoscopic sign in abdomino pelvic tuberculosis

AimsTo demonstrate a new laparoscopic sign “Sharma's Parachute sign” in abdominopelvic tuberculosis in women with infertility.MethodsA total of 104 women who were diagnosed to have abdominopelvic tuberculosis, on endometrial sampling or on laparoscopy were enrolled in this ongoing study on tuberculosis in infertility. A new laparoscopic “Sharma's parachute sign” was looked for in these cases on laparoscopy.ResultsThe mean age, pairty and duration of infertility was 27.6 years, 0.58 and 4.1 years respectively. Menstrual dysfuction were common especially hypomenorrhoea (34.61%), oligomenorrhoea (36.53%) along with constitutional symptoms and abdomino pelvic pain or lump. Diagnosis of abdominopelvic tuberculosis was made by identification of acid fast bacilli (AFB) on microscopy or culture of endometrial aspirate or peritoneal biopsy or positive gene Xpert or positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or histopathological demonstration of epithelioid granuloma on endometrial or peritoneal biopsy, various laparoscopic findings on pelvic and abdominal organs were tubercles and shaggy areas (white deposits, caseous nodules encysted ascites, abdominal and pelvic adhesions, tubal findings (hydrosalpinx, pyosalpinx, beaded or calcified tubes). A new “Sharma's parachute sign”in which ascending colon was totally adherent to anterior abdominal wall with its mesocolon looking like an open parachute with small caseous nodule was seen in 11 (10.5%) cases.ConclusionDiagnostic laparoscopy is an important investigation for abdominopelvic tuberculosis showing various adhesions including new parachute sign.     

48例骨盆骨折合并失血性休克患者的救治方法探讨

目的探讨骨盆骨折合并失血性休克的救治方法。方法对48例骨盆骨折大出血患者急诊行积极抗休克治疗、动脉栓塞治疗和骨盆外固定。结果救治成功率87．5％,术后随访骨折恢复情况优良率95．2％。结论对骨盆骨折合并失血性休克患者采取积极救治可以明显提高患者的生存率和改善预后。     

Gains and losses with stapling and omission of loop ileostomy in pelvic pouch surgery: a matched control study

After 10 years experience of pelvic pouch surgery with handsewn pouch and ileoanal anastomosis, mucosectomy, and covering loop ileostomy, the surgical technique was altered. Twenty patients were operated on with staple technique in pouch and ileoanal anastomosis but without mucosal proctectomy and loop ileostomy. This study group was compared with a matched control group of patients from our previous series with respect to duration of surgery, blood loss, hospital stay, complications, and functional outcome after 2 months, 12 months, and 60 months. It was found that staple technique significantly reduced the duration of surgery and the need of blood transfusions. Length of hospital stay after pouch surgery did not differ between the two groups, but omitting loop ileostomy reduced total hospital stay by about 2 weeks. Ileoanal anastomotic insufficiency occurred in two patients in the study group. Treatment by establishment of a defunctioning loop ileostomy, local saline perfusion, and administration of antibiotics was successful; the anastomosis healed within 2 weeks, and the long-term functional outcome did not differ from the average. Increased temperature persisted postoperatively in seven patients in the study group. Transient peroneal paresis occurred in three patients in the control group. Only in the control group was there stenosis in the ileoanal anastomosis requiring dilatation and fibrosis at the levator plane demanding emptying by a catheter. Concerning functional outcome, nighttime continence was significantly better in the study group than in the control group. The evacuation rate per 24 h was significantly higher in the study group after 2 and 12 months but not after 60 months. The outcome concerning other functional parameters such as urgency to evacuate, capacity to discriminate between gas and stool, deferral time, and perianal symptoms, did not differ significantly. Staple technique without mucosal proctectomy and loop ileostomy thus results in shorter duration of surgery and shorter hospital stay. In patients with increased risk of insufficiency of the anastomosis, however, covering loop ileostomy may be justified because of the risk for more serious consequences if anastomotic leakage occurs. Accepted: 18 June 1999     

女性肛提肌的解剖功能和影像学研究

近年来,女性盆底功能障碍性疾病(PFD)的发病率逐年升高,该类疾病的发生与盆底支持结构的异常有直接联系.肛提肌是盆底支持结构的重要组成部分,其形态及功能的异常在PFD的发病中起着重要作用.本文就肛提肌的解剖、功能及影像学研究做一综述.     

未产妇阴道不同水平横断面的三维盆底超声观察

目的 探讨未产妇不同水平阴道横断面及周围结构的三维盆底超声表现,为女性盆底支持结构的形态学观察提供有效的影像学方法 .方法 对50例无生育史年轻女性进行三维盆底超声检查,获得盆底横断面声像图,连续观察宫颈外口至阴道外口间阴道横断面及周围结构的声像图表现.结果 三维盆底超声清晰显示阴道全程的横断面声像图.不同水平的阴道横断面形态不同:近段阴道呈"唇形",中段阴道呈"蝶形",远段阴道呈"月牙形".不同水平的阴道周围结构不同:远段阴道水平可见会阴体,中段阴道水平可见尿道阴道隔、直肠阴道隔及阴道旁支持结构,近段阴道水平可见阴道周围结缔组织,阴道周围结构回声均匀致密完整.结论 未产妇阴道及周围结构在不同水平有不同的三维盆底横断面超声表现,这对盆底支持结构及盆底功能障碍性疾病的三维超声研究有重要意义.     

Impact of Pelvic Radiotherapy on Morbidity and Durability of Sphincter Preservation After Coloanal Anastomosis for Rectal Cancers

Purpose This study was designed to assess the impact of pelvic radiotherapy on the incidence of complications and colostomy-free survival of patients after a coloanal anastomosis for rectal cancer. Methods A total of 192 patients underwent a coloanal anastomosis between 1982 and 2001: 87 patients did not receive pelvic radiotherapy; 105 patients received pelvic radiotherapy (39 preoperative and 66 postoperative). Early and late complications requiring surgical intervention and the colostomy-free survival rate were assessed by retrospective review of patient records. Results After a median follow-up of 62 months, 151 patients were alive. The most frequent complication was development of an anastomotic stricture (5-year rate of a stricture, 16 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 10–21). Patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy had a higher rate of complications other than anastomotic strictures, including fecal incontinence, fistulas, abscesses, and bowel obstructions compared with patients not receiving pelvic radiotherapy (5-year rate: 20 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 10–29) vs. 5 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 0–10); P = 0.001). Patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy had a lower colostomy-free survival than did patients not receiving pelvic radiotherapy (5-year colostomy-free rate: 72 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 62–84) vs. 92 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 86–98); P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the colostomy-free survival of patients receiving preoperative and postoperative pelvic radiotherapy. Conclusions After coloanal anastomosis, a significant number of patients will have complications requiring surgical intervention, and some will require a permanent colostomy. Pelvic radiotherapy, whether it is administered preoperatively or postoperatively, significantly increases the need for a permanent colostomy.     

Differentiation between tuberculosis and leukemia in abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes: evaluation with contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography

PURPOSE:

To compare the characteristics of tubercular vs. leukemic involvement of abdominopelvic lymph nodes using multidetector computed tomography (CT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed multidetector computed tomography features including lymph node size, shape, enhancement patterns, and anatomical distribution, in 106 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed, untreated tuberculosis (55 patients; 52%) or leukemia (51 patients; 48%). In patients with leukemia, 32 (62.7%) had chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and 19 (37.3%) had acute leukemias; of these, 10 (19.6%) had acute myeloid leukemia, and 9 (17.6%) had acute lymphocytic leukemia.

RESULTS:

The lower para-aortic (30.9% for tuberculosis, 63.2% for acute leukemias and 87.5% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and inguinal (9.1% for tuberculosis, 57.9% for acute leukemias and 53.1% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia) lymph nodes were involved more frequently in the three types of leukemia than in tuberculosis (both with p <0.017). Tuberculosis showed peripheral enhancement, frequently with a multilocular appearance, in 43 (78.2%) patients, whereas patients with leukemia (78.9% for acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia, 87.5% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia) demonstrated predominantly homogeneous enhancement (both with p <0.017). For the diagnosis of tuberculosis, the analysis showed that a peripheral enhancement pattern had a sensitivity of 78.2%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 88.7%. For the diagnosis of leukemia, the analysis showed that a homogeneous enhancement pattern was associated with a sensitivity of 84.3%, a specificity of 94.5%, and an accuracy of 89.6%.

CONCLUSION:

Our findings indicate that the anatomical distribution and enhancement patterns of lymphadenopathy seen on multidetector computed tomography are useful for differentiating between untreated tuberculosis and leukemia of the abdominopelvic lymph nodes.