丙泊酚复合氯胺酮、芬太尼用于小儿静脉麻醉的临床观察

目的对比观察丙泊酚(P)与氯胺酮(K)、芬太尼(F)不同配伍用于小儿静脉麻醉的效果及其对患儿呼吸、循环的影响。方法90例手术患儿随机分为三组(每组30例),Ⅰ组:P+K+F;Ⅱ组:P+K;Ⅲ组:P+F。均用微量泵持续静脉注入麻醉药,观察各组患儿麻醉药物用量、术毕苏醒时间、镇静和镇痛的效果及麻醉期间呼吸、血流动力学变化。结果Ⅰ组与Ⅱ、Ⅲ组相比用药量明显减少,镇静和镇痛完善,对呼吸、循环的变化小,术毕苏醒时间较短(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚复合氯胺酮、芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉用药少,镇静和镇痛完善,对小儿呼吸循环影响轻微且术毕苏醒快,优于丙泊酚复合氯胺酮或芬太尼。     

Agfa新一代数字X线成像系统DX-S在小儿胸片中的应用

目的：探讨Agfa新一代X线成像系统（DX-S）在儿童胸片应用中的临床价值。方法：选择年龄3-4岁，体重在12-15公斤患儿100名，将这100名患儿随机分成2组，分别使用市场上同级别品稗CR和Agfa DX-S进行胸部摄片．由放射科有经验的医师3名在双盲前提下对这100张胸片进行分析，评价胸部特定的8个解剖区域（周围肺实质、中心肺实质、肺门、心脏、横膈、上纵隔，骨骼和软组织），应用5分指标对所有100张胸片进行胸片质量分析比较，进行统计学分析。并对这100张胸片所用曝光条件千伏（KV），毫安秒（mAs）进行比较。结果 Agfa DX-S图像质量高于该品牌，更有利于诊断，同时Agfa DX-S使用的曝光条件明显低于市场上同类产品。结论：Agfa新一代数字X线成像系统DX-S值得在儿科放射领域推广应用。     

中西医结合治疗小儿喘息型支气管炎72例疗效观察

目的：探讨中西医结合治疗小儿喘息型支气管炎的临床疗效。方法：选取我院收治的72例喘息型支气管炎患儿，随机均分为对照组（传统西医治疗）和观察组（在对照组基础上加用定喘汤及支持调理治疗）。比较两组临床症状、体征消失时间、住院时间、治疗总有效率和不良反应发生率的差异。结果：观察组临床症状、体征消失时间和住院时间均显著短于对照组（P〈0.05）；观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）；两组患儿均无严重不良反应发生（P〈0.05）。结论：中西医结合治疗小儿喘息型支气管炎疗效确切。     

Management of central venous catheters in pediatric onco-hematology using 0.9% sodium chloride and positive-pressure-valve needleless connector

PurposeTo describe, in a sample of pediatric onco-hematological patients, the rate of occlusions in unused central venous catheters (CVC) flushed once a week with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution through a positive-pressure-valve needleless connector.MethodRetrospective cohort study. Subjects aged 0–17 years were identified through a manual search in medical and nursing records and were observed for two years or until the occurrence of one of the following events: start or resume of continuous infusion; CVC removal; death. The primary study outcome was the frequency of CVC occlusion (partial or complete).ResultsFifty-one patients were identified (median age 6 years). The median duration of follow-up was 169 days (IQR 111–305). During the follow up period, 14 patients (27%) had one CVC occlusion, in 2 cases (4%) the occlusion was complete, in 12 (23%) partial. All the occlusions were solved without the need for catheter removal. The lumen diameter ≤4.2 vs > 4.2 French showed a statistically significant association with occlusion at multivariate analysis (OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.1–14.7).ConclusionsOur findings are reassuring with respect to the management of the CVC using the adopted protocol. The study provides useful information for patient care, by verifying the performance of the adopted CVC management protocol and by identifying critical areas for nursing care.