伽玛线3DCRT和IMRT的临床设计和研究

介绍临床肿瘤放疗的1种特殊形式,即γ线立体适形放疗（3DCRT）和适形调强放疗（1MRT）的设计和临床应用情况.     

3种配准方式下肺癌图像引导放射治疗摆位误差的比较

目的研究滑轨CT不同配准方式对肺癌大分割调强放疗摆位误差的影响。方法选取2016年10月至2017年10月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院放疗科就诊的肺癌患者24例,每周行滑轨CT扫描所得图像与原计划图像行灰度、骨性、手动3种模式在线配准,得出X、Y、Z轴3个方向平移误差,并进行统计分析。结果灰度配准、骨性配准和手动配准方式测量的X、Y、Z轴摆位误差分别为(0. 21±0. 16)、(0. 29±0. 15)、(0. 37±0. 22) cm,(0. 27±0. 16)、(0. 35±0. 25)、(0. 29±0. 19) cm,(0. 18±0. 12)、(0. 28±0. 16)、(0. 23±0. 14) cm,结果显示Y轴平移误差最大,其次为X轴,Z轴最小,且3组数据的差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。其中灰度模式在X、Y、Z轴上平移误差较骨性模式均缩小,灰度模式在X、Z轴上平移误差较手动模式有所缩小,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论肺癌患者行图像引导大分割调强放疗时,应用滑轨CT中的灰度模式可缩小摆位误差。     

高强度聚焦超声联合立体定向放疗治疗晚期结肠癌肝转移的疗效观察

目的:对比观察高强度聚焦超声与立体定向放疗治疗晚期结肠癌肝转移的临床效果.方法:2013年2月到2015年8月选择在我院诊治的晚期结肠癌肝转移患者78例,根据平行分组的原则分为观察组与对照组各39例,对照组给予立体定向放射治疗,观察组给予高强度聚焦超声与立体定向放射治疗,都治疗观察4周,记录与随访预后情况.结果:观察组与对照组的治疗有效率分别为69.2%和38.5%,观察组的治疗有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05).治疗期间两组的粒细胞减少、贫血、胃肠道反应、手足综合征等毒副反应发生情况对比无明显差异(P>0.05).观察组与对照组治疗后的NK细胞含量分别为(25.10±3.49)%和(20.14±4.67)%,都明显高于治疗前的(12.45±2.01)%和(12.24±2.20)%(P<0.05),治疗后观察组的NK细胞含量明显多于对照组(P<0.05).随访至今,观察组与对照组的无进展生存时间为(18.23±4.19)个月和(14.89±3.82)个月,观察组明显长于对照组(t=3.491,P<0.05).结论:高强度聚焦超声与立体定向放疗治疗晚期结肠癌肝转移的合用能提高近期疗效,不会增加毒副反应的发生,延长患者的生存时间,且作用机制可能与有效改善外周血免疫功能有关.     

化疗剂量强度对乳腺癌病人近期疗效的影响

目的 探讨化疗剂量强度对乳腺癌病人近期疗效的影响。方法;２５９例乳腺病人接受不同剂量强度的ＣＭＦ方案进行术前化疗;评估其客观疗效。结果 （１）化疗对本组乳腺癌病人的总有效率是５７％;（２）高剂量强度可以产生较好的 化疗效果。结论：乳腺癌对化疗药物相对较敏感,提高药物剂量强度,可提高乳腺癌病人的近期疗效。     

前列腺癌同步加量放疗dIMRT和RapidArc比较研究

目的 前列腺大分割照射与盆腔常规分割预防照射相结合的同步加量放疗可提高前列腺癌临床疗效,本研究比较固定野动态调强(dynamic intensity modulated radiotherapy,dIMRT)与快速旋转调强(RapidArc)在前列腺癌同步加量放疗中的剂量分布、治疗效率和执行精度的差异,为临床应用提供参考.方法 选取2013-01-04-2013-12-31在中山大学肿瘤防治中心行放疗的10例前列腺癌高危风险患者,靶区包括前列腺、精囊和盆腔淋巴结.以相同的剂量目标和优化参数分别设计9野dIMRT、单弧和双弧RapidArc同步加量治疗计划,分别用9F、1ARC和2ARC表示.比较分析3种计划的靶区剂量学特点,直肠、膀胱、小肠和双侧股骨头等危及器官的受照剂量及体积,机器跳数,治疗时间以及剂量验证通过率.结果 对于PTV1,9F的D2％为(69.37±0.89) Gy,D50％为(66.92±0.63) Gy,HI为0.09±0.02,CI为0.83±0.05;1ARC的D2％为(71.13±1.21) Gy,D50％为(68.50±0.76) Gy,HI为0.12±0.02,CI为0.74±0.07;9F均优于1ARC,差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05;9F与2ARC的各参数差异均无统计学意义,P＞0.05.对于PTV2,9F的V5％为(99.45±0.78)％,优于1ARC的(99.35±1.28)％,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05;9F与2ARC各参数的差异均无统计学意义,P＞0.05.对于膀胱Dmean,3组计划差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;对于直肠V67.5Gy,9F与2ARC的差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;对于左右股骨头Dmean,1ARC和2ARC低于9F,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05;各OAR其余评价指标9F均低于1ARC和2ARC,差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05.1ARC和2ARC相比于9F机器跳数平均减少了70.0％和67.2％,治疗时间平均缩短了81.7％和61.0％.9F、1ARC和2ARC的3％/3 mm标准的γ通过率分别为97.8％、98.9％和99.4％,差异均具有统计学意义,P＜0.05.结论 相比于dIMRT,RapidArc可显著提高治疗效率,其双弧计划具有相仿的靶区覆盖,但对膀胱、直肠和小肠的保护更差,dIMRT更适用于前列腺癌同步加量放射治疗.     

Computer-Based Intensity Measurement Assists Pathologists in Scoring Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Immunohistochemistry — Clinical Associations in NSCLC Patients of the European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape Cohort

Introduction

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss is frequently observed in NSCLC and associated with both phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation and tumoral immunosuppression. PTEN immunohistochemistry is a valuable readout, but lacks standardized staining protocol and cutoff value.

乳腺癌保乳术后化疗加调强放疗的疗效观察

目的 观察Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌保乳术后化疗加调强放疗的疗效及副反应.方法 108例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者均行肿瘤扩大切除及腋窝淋巴结清扫的保乳术,大部分患者瘤床放置银夹标记.术后采用NE(诺维本+表阿霉素)或TE(紫杉醇+表阿霉素)或CEF(环磷酰胺+表阿霉素+氟尿嘧啶)方案化疗6周期.化疗后全乳接受调强放疗50 Gy分25次,瘤床电子线补量10 Gy分5次.ER/PR阳性的患者均给予三苯氧胺为主的内分泌治疗.结果 随访截至2007年12月,随访率为100%,随访满1、2、3年的例数分别为108、88、58例.1、2、3年生存率分别为100%(108/108)、100%(88/88)、98%(57/58),局部复发3例;放疗期间出现不同程度的皮肤反应,乳房远期外观形状良好,未出现放射性肺炎、肺纤维化及心脏损伤等副反应.结论 Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌保乳术后化疗加调强放疗生存率高,复发转移少,副反应轻,达到了提高患者生存质量及局部控制率目的 .     

Influence of Factors in the Photopolymerization Process on Dental Composites Microhardness

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the influence of factors in photopolymerization process that govern microhardness of three types of dental composites—universal (UC), bulk-fill (BC), and flowable (FC). Cylindrical specimens with different thicknesses are made and light cured. The significance of light intensity, irradiation time, and layer thickness on Vickers microhardness is evaluated by experimental design, analysis of variance, and regression analysis. It is found that the main factor influencing the microhardness on the top surface of the three composites is light intensity. The second factor is layer thickness for the UC and FC, while for BC, it is curing time. The third factor is curing time for the first two composites and layer thickness for bulk-fill. The significance of factors’ influence on the microhardness of the bottom surface is the same for the UC and FC, but different for BC. The main factor for the first two composites is layer thickness, followed by curing time and light intensity. For bulk-fill, curing time is main factor, light intensity is second, and layer thickness is last. Different significance of factors influencing the microhardness on top and bottom surfaces of investigated composites is revealed for the first time in the present study.     

Dietary Vitamin D Intake,Pain Incidence,and Pain Changes in Older Adults: The Seniors-ENRICA-1 Cohort

Background: Vitamin D plays a role in bone health, pain signaling, and inflammation. We examined the largely unknown relation of dietary vitamin D intake with pain incidence and pain changes over time in older adults. Methods: Data were taken from the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort, which included 950 individuals aged ≥60 years. Habitual vitamin D intake was assessed in 2012 with a validated diet history, and pain both in 2012 and 2017 with a scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 6 (highest pain), according to its severity, frequency, and number of locations. Analyses on pain incidence and pain changes were performed in the 524 participants free of pain at baseline and the overall sample, respectively. Results: Higher dietary vitamin D intake was associated with lower 5-year pain incidence; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.88 (0.79,0.99) for every 1-µg/day increase in vitamin D intake, and 0.49 (0.28,0.88) for the highest (>3.52 µg/day) vs. lowest (<1.85 µg/day) tertile. Dietary vitamin D intake (highest vs. lowest tertile) was also associated with 5-year favorable pain changes: the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of pain worsening vs. no change/pain improvement was 0.55 (0.36,0.86), and the β coefficient for changes in the pain scale was −0.56 (−1.03,−0.09). Similar results were found for pain severity, frequency, and number of pain locations. Conclusions: In an older adult population, where compliance with vitamin D intake recommendations was very low, a slightly increased dietary intake was associated with lower pain incidence and favorable pain changes over 5 years.     

以CD54为评价指标的THP-1细胞光致敏体外评价方法的确定和验证

目的 确定并验证以细胞表面标志物CD54作为评价指标的光致敏体外评价方法。方法 将THP-1细胞与多种光致敏剂、光刺激剂、皮肤致敏剂、皮肤刺激剂和阴性受试物分别孵育,在光照射或避光处理后,用流式细胞仪测定细胞表面标志物CD54和CD86的表达水平并统计分析,进一步确定具体的评价指标,并对该方法的准确性、特异性、灵敏度、重复性进行验证。结果 19种光致敏剂中有15种引起照射组THP-1细胞表达CD54的平均荧光强度（MFI）较非照射组显著增加（P<0.05、0.01） ,且照射组细胞表达CD54的相对荧光强度（RFI）值均在1.5以上。光刺激剂经光照射后也可引起细胞表达CD54的MFI显著增加（P<0.01） ,但经过预照射处理后,CD54的表达水平较直接照射组显著下降（P<0.01）。未经光照射条件下,皮肤致敏剂即可引起THP-1细胞表达CD54和CD86的MFI比对照组显著增加（P<0.01） ,光照后CD54的表达反而略有下降。在光照和避光条件下,皮肤刺激剂、阴性受试物（乳酸）均未引起细胞表达CD54或CD86的显著性变化。以CD54为评价指标的THP-1细胞光致敏评价方法检测光致敏剂的准确性、特异性和灵敏度分别是85.2%、100%和78.9%,具有良好的重复性。结论 确定了THP-1细胞光致敏评价方法的细胞表面标志物评价指标为CD54,判定标准为：（1）光照后THP-1细胞表达CD54的MFI较照射前显著性增加;（2）光照后THP-1细胞表达CD54的RFI≥1.5;（3）当上述条件均满足时,对受试物进行预照射处理,结果仍然满足前2条标准。