狂犬病患者血清中可溶性白细胞介素-2受体的检测及其意义

采用 ELISA 双抗夹心法对本院1988～1993年14例具有特异性诊断依据的狂犬病患者血清进行可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(Soluble interleukin-2 receptor sIL-2R)检测,同时,与14例正常健康者血清对照,结果显示,狂犬病患者血清 SII-2R 含量为671.20±157.10u/ml,明显高于对照组220.60±8110u/ml(P<0.05)。提示狂犬病患者在发展过程中,不仅有 sIL-2R 参与,而且与该病的发生、发展及死亡密切相关。     

肿瘤患者临终关怀的几个问题研究

恶性肿瘤患者及家属的人数不断增加,患者的生理心理变化及家属认知的困惑是肿瘤患者临终关怀中所面临的实际问题。通过提升临终关怀的基础护理、丰富疼痛控制的方法、恰到好处的营养支持、利用大众媒体改变人们对死亡的传统观念、开设临终关怀医学课程、加强临终关怀护理培训等方式,为需要关怀的患者提供更多的帮助,提高其生活质量,推动我国临终关怀事业的发展。     

不同b值下弥散加权成像及表观弥散系数在老年肺部肿瘤的临床研究

目的分析不同b值下弥散加权成像(DWI)与表观弥散系数(ADC)用于老年肺部肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断的价值。方法采用分层整群抽样回顾性分析的方法,抽取我院2015年7月至2018年12月接诊的肺部肿瘤患者100例为研究对象,全部患者均接受磁共振技术弥散加权成像,分析不同病变性质肿瘤的弥散加权成像表现,对比不同良恶性肿瘤在不同b值下弥散加权成像信号强度分布情况及其对应的ADC值,经受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)计算不同b值下ADC值对应曲线面积。结果100例老年肺部肿瘤患者中,检出良性肿瘤、恶性肿瘤例数分别为51例、49例。不同b值恶性肿瘤低信号占比均低于良性肿瘤,高信号占比均高于良性肿瘤,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同b值下,恶性肿瘤ADC值均低于良性肿瘤,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且随着b值的升高,全部肺部肿瘤患者ADC值均呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同b值下ADC值ROC曲线下对应面积分别为0.884、0.834、0.754,AUC>0.5可作为鉴别诊断肺部肿瘤良恶性的有效指标,且以b值为500s/mm2时所得到的ADC指曲线下面积最大,在ADC值取1.470时,可获得最高诊断效能。结论b值为500s/mm2下的弥散加权成像技术信号强度与表观弥散系数用于老年肺部肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断有着较高价值,患者整体表观弥散系数值随b值的升高而减小。     

骨肿瘤患者化疗期间焦虑、 抑郁情绪与应对方式的调查研 究简

目的 了解骨肿瘤患者化疗期间焦虑、抑郁情绪与应对方式的现状,探讨其关系.方法 应用一般资料调查问卷、综合性医院焦虑抑郁量表（HAD）和特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）对109例骨肿瘤化疗患者进行调查,并进行相关性分析.结果 骨肿瘤化疗患者焦虑、抑郁发生率分别是35.78％、31.19％.积极应对得分低于常模,消极应对得分高于常模,差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0.01）.患者的消极应对得分在性别上差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.焦虑、抑郁与消极应对呈正相关（r=0.345、0.226,P＜0.05）.结论 骨肿瘤化疗患者焦虑、抑郁情绪反应普遍存在.女性比男性更容易消极面对压力.焦虑、抑郁情绪对患者的应对方式有负性影响,焦虑、抑郁程度越高,应对越消极.护理人员应及时评估患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪及人格特质以发现不良的心理变化,提供个体化的心理指导,促进患者身心健康.     

保护性毛刷盲取技术在念珠菌肺炎病原学诊断中的研究

目的初步探讨应用防污染保护性毛刷盲取技术在念珠菌肺炎病原学诊断中的临床价值.方法采用前瞻性、自身对照临床研究设计,对30例气管切开患者,疑诊肺部真菌感染,采用防污染保护性毛刷经气管套管盲取技术,行下呼吸道标本真菌培养病原学诊断,同时刷片观察组织细胞学及真菌菌丝、孢子体形态学证据.结果30例气管切开患者,采用防污染保护性毛刷经气管套管盲取技术,行下呼吸道标本真菌培养病原学诊断,阳性率为63.33%,与常规无菌吸痰管取标本真菌培养阳性病例相比,两种诊断技术比较无显著的统计学差异.同时与非气管切开病例常规采样真菌培养结果相比两种念珠菌混合感染少,病原污染可能性小,P＜0.05.组织细胞学及真菌菌丝、孢子体形态学证据诊断肺念珠菌感染阳性率为36.67%.结论气管切开病例肺部念珠菌感染,长期联合使用广谱抗生素、低白蛋白血症、中性粒细胞减低比例较高.防污染保护性毛刷盲取技术,可以作为气管切开患者念珠菌肺炎病原学诊断的可靠的取材方法.     

正中神经电刺激颅脑损伤后昏迷病人神经递质的变化

目的探讨正中神经电刺激对颅脑损伤后昏迷患者神经递质的变化及可能促苏醒作用机制。方法严重颅脑损伤昏迷患者40例,随机分为治疗组(n=20)和对照组(n=20)。对照组按常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用正中神经电刺激治疗。每天给予正中神经电刺激30min,持续电刺激7天后,两组治疗相同。刺激一周后通过GCS评分评价两组的治疗效果。对比伤后3月时的GCS评分、神经功能恢复情况和语言功能情况,并同时采用放射免疫分析法检测刺激前和刺激结束后昏迷患者脑脊液中E、NE、DA、β-EP等神经递质的含量。结果治疗组患者持续刺激一周后,治疗组GCS评分平均提高(4.81±1.21)分,对照组GCS评分平均提高(1.99±0.64)分。两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。伤后3个月时,治疗组患者GCS评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组患者语言功能评分和生活质量评分也明显优于对照组。脑脊液中的β-EP下降速度较对照组快(P<0.05),治疗组脑脊液中DA、NE、E在神经电刺激前后变化与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论正中神经电刺激治疗对颅脑外伤后昏迷患者确有促苏醒作用,减少致残率和提高患者生活质量。刺激后脑脊液中神经递质含量的变化可能是正中神经电刺激促苏醒的机制之一。     

Preferences and needs of patients with a rheumatic disease regarding the structure and content of online self-management support

ObjectiveAim of this study was to investigate preferences and needs regarding the structure and content of a person-centered online self-management support intervention for patients with a rheumatic disease.MethodsA four step procedure, consisting of online focus group interviews, consensus meetings with patient representatives, card sorting task and hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify the preferences and needs.ResultsPreferences concerning the structure involved 1) suitability to individual needs and questions, 2) fit to the life stage 3) creating the opportunity to share experiences, be in contact with others, 4) have an expert patient as trainer, 5) allow for doing the training at one’s own pace and 6) offer a brief intervention. Hierarchical cluster analysis of 55 content needs comprised eleven clusters: 1) treatment knowledge, 2) societal procedures, 3) physical activity, 4) psychological distress, 5) self-efficacy, 6) provider, 7) fluctuations, 8) dealing with rheumatic disease, 9) communication, 10) intimate relationship, and 11) having children.ConclusionA comprehensive assessment of preferences and needs in patients with a rheumatic disease is expected to contribute to motivation, adherence to and outcome of self-management-support programs.Practice implicationsThe overview of preferences and needs can be used to build an online-line self-management intervention.     

Head and neck cancer patients’ recollection of their clinical characteristics

Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are an important component of treatment evaluation. Typically they are completed by patients on paper, but through advances in technology such as mobile phone apps and websites, there is a great opportunity for electronic completion. It can be challenging, particularly at a regional or national level, to maintain accurate core clinical records on head and neck cancer (HNC) (baseline, recurrence, second primary, and further treatment), and these will influence PROs and the reporting of outcomes. In addition, with data security and confidentiality there is merit in undertaking anonymous surveys, but in this approach, there is a reliance on patients’ recall. The aim of this study therefore was to compare updated hospital records with details completed by patients. In January 2019, 395 HNC patients who had been treated in 2015 and 2016 were sent a survey. They were asked to recall the clinical variables of gender, age at diagnosis, tumour site, tumour stage, and primary treatment, and these were analysed for agreement with the hospital records. The kappa statistic (KP) was used to measure the strength of agreement for categorical variables. There were 146 responders and one patient correctly stated that they did not have cancer. Five indicated further disease rather than primary cancer. Agreement between the hospital record and patients’ recall was excellent for gender (KP=0.97) and age group (KP=0.92), very good for treatment (KP=0.79), and good for site of cancer (KP=0.61), but poor for stage of cancer (KP=0.18). In general, patients gave accurate accounts of these details apart from tumour stage.     

Retrospective analysis of corticosteroid doses administered to patients with terminal cancer for dyspnea alleviation and survival

Dyspnea negatively affects the survival and quality of life of patients with terminal cancer. Although corticosteroids are currently used to treat dyspnea, the association between corticosteroid dosage and survival remains unclear. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the relationship betweencorticosteroid doses, administered to hospitalized patients with terminal cancer for dyspnea alleviation, and survival. Subsequently, we investigated the associations between corticosteroid doses, which were classified into three categories, and the length of survival in days after stratifying 52 patients treated between January 2012 and December 2015 into corticosteroid responders and non-responders. The mean daily corticosteroid doses were 28.68?±?14.4?mg for responders and 29.13?±?18.5?mg for non-responders. The mean corticosteroid doses on the first day were 27.86?±?14.9?mg for responders and 27.73?±?19.5?mg for non-responders. The mean total corticosteroid doses administered during the first 2 days of treatment were 56.84?±?29.2?mg for responders and 57.16?±?38.5?mg for non-responders. The mean survival was 11.33?±?7.5 days and 5.27?±?3.35 days among responders and non-responders, respectively. In conclusion, the administration of corticosteroid for dyspnea alleviation did not correlate with survival. However, reactivity to corticosteroids increased the duration of corticosteroid use, which may have contributed to survival.     

Beliefs about back pain: The confluence of client,clinician and community

Patient beliefs play an important role in the development of back pain and disability, as well as subsequent recovery. Community beliefs about the back and back pain which are inconsistent with current research evidence have been found in a number of developed countries. These beliefs negatively influence people's back-related behaviour in general, and these effects may be amplified when someone experiences an episode of back pain.In-depth qualitative research has helped to shed light on why people hold the beliefs which they do about the back, and how these have been influenced. Clinicians appear to have a strong influence on patients' beliefs. These data may be used by clinicians to inform exploration of unhelpful beliefs which patients hold, mitigate potential negative influences as a result of receiving health care, and subsequently influence beliefs in a positive manner.