艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗依从现状的调查分析

目的 调查我国某农村地区艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗的服药依从性现状,并分析影响服药依从性的相关因素.方法 采用问卷对安徽省阜阳市70例艾滋病患者进行匿名调查,内容包括患者服药情况及其社会人口学资料、治疗情况、副反应、服药知识.采用SPSS 13.0统计软件对数据进行整理分析.结果 70例患者过去4 d内服药依从率为50%～100%,平均85.51%,服药依从(服药依从率≥95%)的患者占42.9%.患者漏服药物的主要原因包括外出或干农活而不在家、忘记、怕被注意到服药和应服药时睡着了.经分析发现,患者的年龄、子女个数和服药知识是影响其服药依从性的相关因素.结论 所调查艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗的服药依从性为中等水平,有待于进一步提高.针对患者漏服药物的常见原因和主要相关因素,可通过对患者提醒、督导,提高和改善患者的服药知识,从而提高艾滋病患者的服药依从性,保证其治疗效果并促进艾滋病治疗和预防工作.     

新生儿抚触对早产低出生体重儿神经行为的影响

探讨抚触对早产低出生体重儿神经行为的影响。方法：将孕周为30一36周自然分娩或选择性剖宫产儿早产低出生体重儿66例,随机分为抚触组和非抚触组各33例,在基础护理措施及专科护理相同的情况下,观察组增加抚触护理并进行出院随访跟踪。比较两组早产低出生体重儿在出生后28d神经行为评分（NBNA）。结果：除定向力、角征、围巾征外抚触组在出生后28dNBNA总分及16项神经行为评分均高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：抚触对早产儿神经系统的发育有良好作用。且操作简单、无创、廉价,值得临床推广应用。     

中医护理技术在住院老年便秘患者中的运用

目的:探讨中医护理技术在住院老年便秘患者中的运用。方法:对本科住院老年便秘患者采用传统中医护理技术干预。结论:采用中医护理方法,不仅解除便秘,而且使紊乱的肠胃功能得到了调整,改善了患者体质,从而提高生活质量。     

Effects of the Multiple Needling with Shallow Insertion for Simple Obesity： A Clinical Observation on Lipid Metabolism and on the Chest,Waist and Hip Circumferences

Objective： To observe the therapeutic effects of multiple needling with shallow insertion tot simple obesity, and its influence on the chest, waist and hip circumferences, and lipid metabolism. Methods： 20 cases which match the criteria for diagnosis of simple obesity were treated by multiple needling with shallow insertion. Treatment was given once daily for 20 days as a total therapeutic course. Results： After 20 treatments, the body weight, waistline, and the serum total cholesterol （TC）, the fasting triglyceride （TG） and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） were significantly changed （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The therapy can provide good theraoeutic effects for simple obesity.     

Mlc1-Expressing Perivascular Astrocytes Promote Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity

In the mammalian brain, perivascular astrocytes (PAs) closely juxtapose blood vessels and are postulated to have important roles in the control of vascular physiology, including regulation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Deciphering specific functions for PAs in BBB biology, however, has been limited by the ability to distinguish these cells from other astrocyte populations. In order to characterize selective roles for PAs in vivo, a new mouse model has been generated in which the endogenous megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1 (Mlc1) gene drives expression of Cre fused to a mutated estrogen ligand-binding domain (Mlc1-T2A-CreERT2). This knock-in mouse model, which we term MLCT, allows for selective identification and tracking of PAs in the postnatal brain. We also demonstrate that MLCT-mediated ablation of PAs causes severe defects in BBB integrity, resulting in premature death. PA loss results in aberrant localization of Claudin 5 and -VE-Cadherin in endothelial cell junctions as well as robust microgliosis. Collectively, these data reveal essential functions for Mlc1-expressing PAs in regulating endothelial barrier integrity in mice and indicate that primary defects in astrocytes that cause BBB breakdown may contribute to human neurologic disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Interlaced among the billions of neurons and glia in the mammalian brain is an elaborate network of blood vessels. Signals from the brain parenchyma control the unique permeability properties of cerebral blood vessels known as the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, we understand very little about the relative contributions of different neural cell types in the regulation of BBB functions. Here, we show that a specific subpopulation of astrocyte is essential for control of BBB integrity, with ablation of these cells leading to defects in endothelial cell junctions, BBB breakdown, and resulting neurologic deficits.     

Investigation and influencing factors about well-being level of elderly chronic patients during COVID-19 postpandemic period in Beijing

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has huge impacts on the world, including human health and economic decline. The COVID-19 has severe infectivity, especially the elderly with chronic diseases will cause various complications after infection and accelerate the disease process. In addition, COVID-19 will also affect their mental health. Therefore, the mental health of elderly patients with chronic diseases cannot be ignored. The aim of this study was to investigate the well-being level of elderly people with chronic disease during COVID-19 postpandemic period in Beijing and analysis related influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for improving the well-being level of elderly chronic patients during the postpandemic period.Elderly patients with chronic diseases who met the inclusion criteria in 5 different administrative regions in Beijing were selected to carry out a questionnaire survey. The contents of the questionnaire included general data, the Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness scale and the awareness situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed by WeChat and 486 valid questionnaires were collected. The t test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness scores between 2 or more groups, multiple linear regression analysis was used to conduct multiple factor analysis to explore the related factors about well-being level of elderly chronic patients.A total of 109 cases (22.43%) were evaluated high well-being level, 319 cases (65.64%) were evaluated moderate well-being level and 58 cases (11.93%) were evaluated low well-being according to the Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness (MUNSH) scores rating. The multiple linear regression indicated that the education level, number of chronic diseases, medical expenses, frequency of children''s visits, taking care of grandchildren or not, and group activity frequency significantly affected the well-being of patients with chronic diseases during COVID-19 postpandemic period in Beijing (P < .05).Most elderly patients with chronic diseases had moderate or above sense of well-being during postpandemic period, but we should still pay attention to the mental health of those elderly chronic patients with low education level, much comorbidity, more medical expenses, less visits by children, not take care of grandchildren and never participate in group activities.     

Associations between Chest CT Abnormalities and Clinical Features in Patients with the Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus. It involves multiple organ systems, including the lungs. However, the significance of the lung involvement in SFTS remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the clinical findings and abnormalities noted in the chest computed tomography (CT) of patients with SFTS. The medical records of 22 confirmed SFTS patients hospitalized in five hospitals in Nagasaki, Japan, between April 2013 and September 2019, were reviewed retrospectively. Interstitial septal thickening and ground-glass opacity (GGO) were the most common findings in 15 (68.1%) and 12 (54.5%) patients, respectively, and lung GGOs were associated with fatalities. The SFTS patients with a GGO pattern were elderly, had a disturbance of the conscious and tachycardia, and had higher c-reactive protein levels at admission (p = 0.009, 0.006, 0.002, and 0.038, respectively). These results suggested that the GGO pattern in patients with SFTS displayed disseminated inflammation in multiple organs and that cardiac stress was linked to higher mortality. Chest CT evaluations may be useful for hospitalized patients with SFTS to predict their severity and as early triage for the need of intensive care.     

Comparing Immune Responses to Inactivated Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 between People Living with HIV and HIV-Negative Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study in China

This study compared the immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines between people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-negative individuals. We recruited 120 PLWH and 53 HIV-negative individuals aged 18–59 years who had received an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in two Chinese cities between April and June 2021. Blood samples were tested for immunogenicity of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The prevalence and severity of adverse events associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were similar between PLWH and HIV-negative individuals. The seropositivity of neutralizing activity against authentic SARS-CoV-2, of the total amount of antibody (total antibody) and of S-IgG were 71.3%, 81.9%, and 92.6%, respectively, among fully vaccinated PLWH. Among all participants, PLWH had lower neutralizing activity, total antibody, S-IgG, and T-cell-specific immune response levels, compared to HIV-negative individuals, after controlling for types of vaccine, time interval between first and second dose, time after receiving the second dose, and sociodemographic factors. PLWH with a longer interval since HIV diagnosis, who received their second dose 15–28 days prior to study commencement, and who had an interval of ≥21 days between first and second dose had higher neutralizing activity levels. The immunogenicity of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was lower among PLWH as compared to HIV-negative individuals. Vaccination guideline specific for PLWH should be developed.     

Cervical Cancer Prevention and High-Risk HPV Self-Sampling Awareness and Acceptability among Women Living with HIV: A Qualitative Investigation from the Patients’ and Providers’ Perspectives

Routine cervical cancer screening is important for women living with HIV (WLH) due to the greater incidence and persistence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection. HR-HPV self-sampling has been proposed to overcome barriers to in-office cervical cancer screening in underserved populations. However, little is known about baseline knowledge of HR-HPV and the acceptability of HR-HPV self-sampling among WLH. This paper describes WLH’s experiences and needs regarding cervical cancer screening, specifically HR-HPV self-sampling, and seeks to reconcile their experiences with the views of their providers. In total, 10 providers and 39 WLH participated in semi-structured interviews and group discussions, respectively. Knowledge of cervical cancer and HR-HPV was generally limited among WLH; when present, it was often due to personal experience of or proximity to someone affected by cervical cancer. Most WLH were not familiar with HR-HPV self-sampling but, despite some of the providers’ skepticism, expressed their willingness to participate in a mail-based HR-HPV self-sampling intervention and highlighted convenience, ease of use, and affordability as facilitators to the uptake of HR-HPV self-sampling. The experiences identified can be used to guide patient-centered communication aimed at improving cervical cancer knowledge and to inform interventions, such as HR-HPV self-sampling, designed to increase cervical cancer screening among under-screened WLH.