144 例巨大胎儿分析

目的探讨巨大胎儿的产前诊断及分娩方式,降低母儿并发症.方法回顾分析144例巨大胎儿诊断、分娩方式及并发症,并与胚胎正常体重及分娩情况进行比较.结果巨大胎儿中剖宫产组较阴道分娩组新生儿窒息率及产伤机会均明显降低,巨大胎儿与正常体重儿相比难产率明显升高.结论对巨大胎儿应避免困难的阴道助产,适当放宽剖宫产指征.     

The role of the AV3V region in the control of magnocellular oxytocin neurons

The AV3V region is important in the control of body fluid and Na⁺ regulation and projects to the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Oxytocin from the neurohypophysis mediates milk ejection and is involved in parturition, but has also been recently implicated as a candidate natriuretic hormone. We have studied the role of the AV3V region in the control of magnocellular oxytocin neurons in rats. Electrical stimulation of the AV3V region increased the firing rate of supraoptic oxytocin neurons and evoked a concomitant release of oxytocin. Acute electrolytic AV3V lesions silenced supraoptic neurons and abolished their excitation by hyperosmotic stimulation. The lesions also abolished osmotically-induced release of oxytocin. Re-activation of supraoptic neurons by local glutamate restored their osmoresponsiveness to about 50% normal. Thus, while supraoptic neurons are directly osmosensitive, the AV3V region is essential for their normal osmoresponsiveness. Electrolytic AV3V lesions did not affect suckling-induced oxytocin secretion or, in conscious rats, the release of oxytocin secretion during parturition. Thus the AV3V region is not involved in the activation of oxytocin neurons during suckling or parturition.     

健康教育在初产妇中的应用研究

目的探讨健康教育在初产妇分娩时的应用效果。方法选择100例初产妇实施产程健康教育的护理方法，随机分为观察组和对照组各50例，两组观察记录分娩方式、产程时间、产后2h出血量、新生儿Apgar评分等指标。结果两组在分娩方式、产程、产后2h出血量和新生儿Apgar评分均有显著差异。观察组安全感明显高于对照组，产程缩短，提示健康教育有效。结论开展“以患者为中心”的健康教育是整体护理的重要组成内容之一，做好健康教育已势在必行。     

多次人工流产后再妊娠分娩时对产妇影响的探讨

分析 8 6例有 2次以上人工流产史后妊娠的初产妇并同期 110例无人工流产、无宫腔操作史的初产妇作对照 ,结果在分娩时两组主要并发症有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,提示多次人工流产后对再妊娠的不利影响。应引起广大妇女及医务工作者的重视 ,尽可能杜绝产前人工流产。     

Ontogeny of androgen receptor expression in the ovine fetal central nervous system and pituitary

In fetal sheep, circulating androgens influence fetal stress responsiveness and the timing of parturition. Nevertheless, little is known about the presence and development of androgen receptors (ARs) in the fetal brain. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that expression of androgen receptor occurs in fetal brain and pituitary, and that the abundance of the AR is ontogenetically regulated. We isolated mRNA from pituitary, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and brainstem in fetal sheep that were 80, 100, 120, 130, and 145-day gestation, and 1 and 7 days postnatal (n = 4–5 per group). Using real-time RT-PCR, we measured mRNA expression levels of the receptor in these brain regions and pituitary. In a separate study, we isolated protein from the same brain regions in fetal sheep that were 80 (n = 3), 120 (n = 4), and 145 (n = 4) days. AR mRNA expression in hypothalamus increased in late gestation, starting at 145 days, and increasing progressively after birth. A trend of increasing AR protein in hypothalamus was not significant. AR mRNA expression in pituitary was elevated after 80 days gestation, but with no further increases or decreases in late gestation, while AR protein increased significantly at the end of gestation. In hippocampus and brainstem AR mRNA was constant throughout the latter half of gestation, and AR protein was below the sensitivity of our Western blot assay. We conclude that the fetal brain and pituitary are target sites for circulating androgens or androgen precursors in fetal plasma, and we speculate that the increase in hypothalamic action of androgens immediately prior to birth might be integral to the timing of parturition.     

118例胎儿生长受限相关因素分析

目的探讨胎儿生长受限(FGR)发生的相关因素。方法对足月FGR病例118例进行回顾性分析。结果118例FGR母体因素38例(32.2%),胎儿因素8例(6.8%),胎盘因素7例(5.9%),脐带因素36例(30.51%),无明确原因29例(24.8%);阴道分娩组新生儿窒息24例,占41.4%,剖宫产组新生儿窒息24例,占10.3%,两组分娩方式比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。结论①FGR的主要病因是母体因素,以妊娠并发症为首要因素,其中又以妊娠期高血压疾病占首位(13.9%),其次为脐带、胎盘因素,而病因不明者达20.4%;②及时恰当地治疗妊娠合并症和并发症,孕期进行干预治疗,选择恰当的分娩时机和分娩方式,有利于减少FGR胎儿窘迫和新生儿窒息的发生。适当放宽剖宫产指征,有利于降低FGR的后遗症。     

Comparing uterine electromyography activity of antepartum patients versus term labor patients

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare uterine electromyography of patients delivering>24 hours from measurement with laboring patients相似文献   

The "Christmas Effect" and other biometeorologic influences on childbearing and the health of women

OBJECTIVE: To review the body of literature addressing biometeorologic and chronobiologic effects on conception, pregnancy, parturition, and other health conditions. DATA SOURCES: Computerized searches of MEDLINE, PUBMED, CINAHL, and the World Wide Web. STUDY SELECTION: Studies, including international research, dating from 1938 to 2001. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted and information organized under the following categories: influence of leisure time and seasonality on the rate of conception and birth, the relationship of meteorologic changes and lunar cycles to childbearing, the "Christmas Effect" and its impact on other health outcomes, and nursing implications. DATA SYNTHESIS: Research from the disciplines of biometeorology and chronobiology indicates that there are patterns in the occurrence of conception, pregnancy, and onset of labor that vary in timing and amplitude in different populations and geographic regions. Consideration of these factors should be included in the analysis of birth data when planning and providing maternity care. The Christmas Effect is one of the most predominant seasonal patterns that can be seen in birth data throughout the world. CONCLUSIONS: Biometeorologic and other cyclic phenomena are underused in the United States in planning and providing maternity care. These phenomena warrant consideration when planning holistic health care.