沉降法测定大气真菌粒子含量的探讨

本工作用 ANDERSEN 生物粒子采样器法和平皿沉降法在北京西单对大气真菌粒子的含量进行了一年的对比观测实验。结果表明,在同一次大气真菌粒子沉降量的采样中,放置的采样皿数对测定结果没有明显影响。大气真菌粒子沉降量与大气真菌粒子含量呈非常显著的正相关关系。由本实验得出的关系式能较准确、简便的计算大气真菌粒子的含量。     

消风止痒颗粒抗过敏止痒作用的实验研究

目的观察消风止痒颗粒抗过敏、止痒作用,探讨其作用机制。方法通过二硝基氟苯(DNFB)诱导小鼠迟发型变态反应(DTH)、右旋糖酐所致小鼠全身性瘙痒及二硝基氟苯(DNFB)对豚鼠致敏激发皮炎的实验,分别观察消风止痒颗粒对小鼠DTH的耳肿胀度、脾指数、胸腺指数、致敏激发皮炎的豚鼠血清白介素2(IL-2)含量及对小鼠全身性瘙痒的影响。结果实验结果表明消风止痒颗粒可抑制DTH小鼠耳肿胀及脾指数、胸腺指数增高;降低豚鼠异常增高的血清IL-2活性;抑制右旋糖酐诱导的小鼠全身性皮肤瘙痒。结论消风止痒颗粒具有明确的抗过敏、止痒作用,其机理可能与降低血清IL-2活性有关。     

HPLC测定复方锌布颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏含量

目的：建立复方锌布颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏含量的HPLC测定方法.方法：采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Water RP18色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈：0.3％十二烷基硫酸钠溶液：磷酸（60：40：0.02）（用三乙胺调pH值至3.3±0,1）,流速为1.0mL/min,柱温：35℃,检测波长为224nm.结果：平均回收率为99.7％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.2％,马来酸氯苯那敏的线性范围为2.016～100.8μg/mL,系统精密度为0.6％.结论：用HPLC测定复方锌布颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏的含量可以用于复方锌布颗粒的质量控制.     

HPLC法测定益心颗粒中五味子醇甲的含量

目的 建立益心颗粒中五味子醇甲的含量.方法 采用高效液相色谱法.Welch Materials Cl8色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）;流动相：甲醇-水（68：32）;检测波长：250nm;流速：1.0mL·min-1;柱温：25℃;进样量：10μL.结果 五味子醇甲在2.172μg·mL-1～34.752μg·mL-1范围内与其峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.9999）,平均回收率为98.93%,RSD为1.07%.结论 该方法快速、简便、结果可靠,可用于控制益心颗粒的质量.     

小儿抗病毒颗粒药效学研究

目的 观察小儿抗病毒颗粒的解热祛痰、镇咳平喘作用。方法 采用干酵母致热造模法观察小儿抗病毒颗粒对大鼠的解热作用,给药剂量分别为4.18、2.09、1.05 g/kg,每天ig给药1次,连续3 d,末次给药后sc干酵母混合溶液,4～8 h后测大鼠体温。采用酚红比色法观察其对小鼠的祛痰作用,给药剂量分别为5.22、2.61、1.31 g /kg,每天ig给药2次,连续7 d,末次给药1 h后进行检测。采用氨水吸入引咳法观察其对小鼠的镇咳作用,给药剂量同祛痰实验,每天ig给药2次,连续3 d,观察潜伏期和咳嗽次数。采用雾化乙酰胆碱吸入引喘法进行豚鼠平喘试验,给药剂量分别为3.65、1.83、0.914 g /kg,每天给药2次,连续3 d,测定引喘潜伏期。结果 小儿抗病毒颗粒能使小鼠气管酚红的分泌量增加（P＜0.05）;显著抑制由干酵母引发的大鼠发热反应（P＜0.05）及小鼠的咳嗽潜伏期延长（P＜0.05）;使豚鼠哮喘潜伏期显著延长（P＜0.05）。结论 小儿抗病毒颗粒具有明显的解热祛痰、镇咳平喘作用。     

Generation of HIV-1 Virus-Like Particles expressing different HIV-1 glycoproteins

Elicitation of a potent and broadly neutralizing antibody response is the main goal of an effective preventive HIV-1 vaccine. It has been shown by us and others that the expression of Env glycoproteins on the surface of particulate structures, such as Virus-Like Particles (VLPs), could be a more efficient strategy to deliver conformational epitopes to the immune system.To this aim, VLPs expressing native HIV Env gp140 or gp41 glycoproteins have been produced in insect cells using a baculovirus expression system and characterized for appropriate protein expression. VLP-bound HIV gp140 glycoprotein showed the appropriate expression and trimeric conformation. Immunogenicity studies have been performed in BALB/C mice by intra-peritoneal administration and sera from immunized mice have been tested in ELISA assays, for their reactivity with HIV specific antigens, as well as in ex vivo neutralization assay.Sera from immunized animals showed a high reactivity with individual HIV proteins expressed in VLPs. Results of TZM-bl based neutralization assay show that combined sera from animals independently immunized with gp140- or full-length-gp41-expressing VLPs have an additive/synergistic effect in the neutralization activity of HIV pseudoviruses.In conclusion, novel VLPs expressing different HIV Env glycoproteins with native trimeric conformation have been generated, showing the induction of effective antibody response with neutralization activity in TZM-bl neutralization assay. These results confirm the effectiveness of VLPs as presentation and delivery system for conformational proteins and show the improved neutralization activity upon the combination of anti-sera elicited by different HIV envelope antigens, suggesting the possibility of broadening the spectrum of viral epitopes targeted by immune response.     

The pathology of total joint arthroplasty

Although the clinical results of total joint arthroplasty are usually excellent, some implants develop loosening and require revision. Implants usually fail by a combination of mechanisms, but different basic designs tend to show different dominant mechanisms of failure. Infection causes failure of about 1–5% of cases of primary arthroplasty. Clues to the presence of infection include clinical signs, a periosteal reaction, a positive culture of aspirated joint fluid, and acute inflammation identified in tissue around the implant. There are several different mechanisms and modes of implant wear, and perhaps the most important cause of aseptic loosening is an inflammatory reaction to particles of wear debris. Abrasive, adhesive, and fatigue wear of polyethylene, metal and bone cement produces debris particles that induce bone resorption and implant loosening. Particles can cause linear, geographic, or erosive patterns of bone resorption (osteolysis), the distributions of which are influenced by the implant design. Micromotion of implants that did not achieve adequate initial fixation is another important mechanism of loosening. Fatigue failure at the bone/cement and bone/implant interface may cause aseptic loosening, and may be especially important for implants with relatively smooth surfaces. Stress shielding can influence local bone density, but is rarely an isolated cause of implant loosening. Elevated hydrodynamic pressure has been associated with bone resorption in the absence of implants, and may also play a role in implant loosening. Received: 29 March 1999 Revision requested: 5 May 1999 Revision received: 7 June 1999 Accepted: 9 June 1999     

尿毒清颗粒联合洛汀新治疗肾性高血压的疗效观察

目的观察尿毒清颗粒联合洛汀新治疗肾性高血压的疗效和安全性。方法将67例肾性高血压患者随机分为两组。对照组给予洛汀新治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用尿毒清颗粒治疗。两组均连续用药8周。监测治疗前后血压、肾功能、血脂,评价降压疗效,记录不良反应。结果治疗组降压疗效总有效率为94.12%,明显高于对照组（63.64%）,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;两组治疗后血压显著改善,与治疗前比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,且治疗组优于对照组（P〈0.05）;治疗组肝功能和肾功能明显改善,与对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;治疗组未发现不良反应,对照组有2例出现干咳。结论尿毒清颗粒联合洛汀新治疗肾性高血压安全有效,其疗效优于单独使用洛汀新。     

Acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies in rats with nanoscale and pigment grade titanium dioxide particles

Data generated using standardized testing protocols for toxicity studies generally provide reproducible and reliable results for establishing safe levels and formulating risk assessments. The findings of three OECD guideline-type oral toxicity studies of different duration in rats are summarized in this publication; each study evaluated different titanium dioxide (TiO₂) particles of varying sizes and surface coatings. Moreover, each study finding demonstrated an absence of any TiO₂ -related hazards. To briefly summarize the findings: 1) In a subchronic 90-day study (OECD TG 408), groups of young adult male and female rats were dosed with rutile-type, surface-coated pigment-grade TiO₂ test particles (d₅₀ = 145 nm − 21% nanoparticles by particle number criteria) by oral gavage for 90 days. The no-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for both male and female rats in this study was 1000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested. The NOAEL was determined based on a lack of TiO₂ particle-related adverse effects on any in-life, clinical pathology, or anatomic/microscopic pathology parameters; 2) In a 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study (OECD TG 407), groups of young adult male rats were administered daily doses of two rutile-type, uncoated, pigment-grade TiO₂ test particles (d₅₀ = 173 nm by number) by daily oral gavage at a dose of 24,000 mg/kg bw/day. There were no adverse effects measured during or following the end of the exposure period; and the NOAEL was determined to be 24,000 mg/kg bw/day; 3) In an acute oral toxicity study (OECD TG 425), female rats were administered a single oral exposure of surface-treated rutile/anatase nanoscale TiO₂ particles (d₅₀ = 73 nm by number) with doses up to 5000 mg/kg and evaluated over a 14-day post-exposure period. Under the conditions of this study, the oral LD₅₀ for the test substance was >5000 mg/kg bw. In summary, the results from these three toxicity studies – each with different TiO₂ particulate-types, demonstrated an absence of adverse toxicological effects. Apart from reporting the findings of these three studies, this publication also focuses on additional critical issues associated with particle and nanotoxicology studies. First, describing the detailed methodology requirements and rigor upon which the standardized OECD 408 guideline subchronic oral toxicity studies are conducted. Moreover, an attempt is made to reconcile the complex issue of particle size distribution as it relates to measurements of nanoscale and pigment-grade TiO₂ particles. Clearly this has been a confusing issue and often misrepresented in the media and the scientific literature. It is clear that the particle-size distribution for pigment-grade TiO₂, contains a small (“tail”) component of nanoscale particles (i.e., 21% by particle number and <1% by weight in the test material used in the 90-day study). However, this robust particle characterization finding should not be confused with mislabeling the test materials as exclusively in the nanoscale range. Moreover, based upon the findings presented herein, there appears to be no significant oral toxicity impact contributed by the nanoscale component of the TiO₂ Test Material sample in the 90-day study. Finally, it seems reasonable to conclude that the study findings should be considered for read-across purposes to food-grade TiO₂ particles (e.g., E171), as the physicochemical characteristics are quite similar.     

强肝益肾颗粒治疗慢性肝炎疗效观察

目的：探讨强肝益肾颗粒治疗慢性肝炎的效果。方法：肝炎62例随机分为强肝益肾颗粒治疗组和对照组,每组各31例。两组均连续服药3个月。动态观察临床表现和生化指标。结果：治疗1、2、3个月、随访1个月复常率,口服强肝益肾颗粒组分别为90.3%（28/31）、93.5%（29/31）、93.5%（29/31）、87.1%（27/31）,对照组分别为64.5%（20/31）、71.0%（22/31）、61.3%（19/31）、51.6%（16/31）,治疗组肝功复常率各时间段均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：强肝益肾颗粒是治疗慢性肝炎的有效药物。