腹腔镜膀胱全切回肠膀胱术与原位回肠新膀胱术近期疗效比较

目的：总结腹腔镜膀胱全切回肠（Bricker）膀胱术与原位回肠（Hautmann）新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌的经验及近期疗效。方法该院2010～2014年施行腹腔镜Bricker膀胱术74例,Hautmann新膀胱术30例,回顾性分析比较两组患者手术时间、出血量等术中情况、术后肠道功能恢复、术后并发症及术后肿瘤复发转移等临床资料。结果两组在平均手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血率、盆腔淋巴结清扫数目、术后住院时间等方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。两组淋巴结阳性共8例（7．8％）,合并前列腺癌3例（2．9％）,无切缘阳性病例。Bricker膀胱术组、Hautmann新膀胱术组术后肠道功能恢复时间分别为（4．2±1．4）、（5．3±2．2）d ,P＝0．002,并发症发生率分别为31．9％（23例）、53．3％（16例）,P＝0．043。 Hautmann新膀胱术组患者术后6个月白天和夜间尿控分别为76．9％、57．7％,术后12个月白天和夜间尿控分别为90．9％、81．8％。 Hautmann新膀胱术组术后2例（7．7％）复发转移,Bricker膀胱术组术后9例（14．1％）复发转移。结论 Bricker膀胱术和Hautmann新膀胱术具有相似肿瘤根治效果,但Hautmann新膀胱术患者术后生活质量更高。     

Lymphadenectomy in Bladder Cancer

Pelvic lymphadenectomy is widely accepted as an essential part of radical cystectomy. It provides important information (number of lymph nodes involved, tumor volume, capsular perforation) for prognosis, which may help identify patients at increased risk for progression. More important, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that meticulous, extended pelvic lymphadenectomy may cure a substantial number of patients who would otherwise develop local recurrences or distant metastases. Furthermore, extended bilateral lymph node dissection facilitates cystectomy, makes it safer to perform and does not substantially alter morbidity of the operation.     

部分脾栓塞缓解门脉高压脾亢及胃底食管静脉曲张

目的 探讨部分脾动脉栓塞对缓解门脉高压并脾亢及胃底食管静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法 采用Seldinger技术经股动脉穿刺插管，超选择性脾动脉栓塞治疗肝硬化门脉高压并脾亢及胃底食管静脉曲张46例。观察治疗前后门脉压力，血液白细胞、血小板计数，肝功能及胃底食管静脉曲张的变化情况，判断其治疗效果。结果 栓塞范围为40％～90％，术后患者门脉压力明显降低，肝功能GPT下降，外周血象明显改善，血液白细胞和血小板计数升高，胃底食管静脉曲张得到缓解，上消化道再出血间期延长。无严重的并发症发生。结论 部分脾栓塞治疗肝硬化门脉高压并脾功能亢进是一种安全、有效的方法。既可以降低门脉压力，又可以减轻脾功能亢进，缓解胃底食管静脉曲张。     

The Rh Antigen D: Partial D Antigens and Associated Low Incidence Antigens

The expression of the Rh antigen D varies quantitatively and qualitatively (partial D); published information and 15 years' work studying D variants are discussed in this review. D epitopes correspond to the reaction patterns of monoclonal anti-D with partial D antigens. Partial D antigens can be reported in terms of their D epitopes but the epitope profile of cells with a quantitative variant of D (weak D) is difficult to determine reliably by haemagglutination tests. Nine partial D antigens, categories II-VII, DFR and two not previously reported, are identified by their epitope profiles and by association with low incidence antigens. Monoclonal anti-D recognize 16 D epitopes and more epitopes are anticipated. The specificities of polyclonal anti-D made by people with partial D antigens are considered in terms of possible D epitope specificities: recognized epitope specificities, or combination thereof, were not able to account for all observed reaction patterns of anti-D made by immunized individuals with partial D pheno-types. An attempt is made to understand partial D antigens and their associated low incidence antigens in terms of the molecular genetic information available.     

胃大部切除术后患者幽门螺杆菌感染诊断方法的评估

目的：评估胃大部切除术后患者中幽门螺杆菌(Hp）感染状态和两种常用诊断方法（^14C-尿素呼气试验、快速尿素酶试验）的准确性，方法：用培养、组织学、^14C-尿素呼气试验（^14C-UBT)和 快速尿素酶试验（RUT）四种方法同时对胃大部切除术后患者进行Hp感染的诊断，以培养和组织学联合诊断作为“金标准”，评估^14C-UBT和RUT的准确性，以非手术者作对照，评估胃大部切除术患者的Hp感染率。结果：37例胃大部切除术后患者（Billroth Ⅰ或17例和BillrothⅡ式20例）的Hp总阳性率为29．7％，BillrothⅠ式（29．4％）和Ⅱ式（30．0％）患者间Hp阳性率差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。RUT敏感性为72．7％，特异性为57．7％，准确性为62．2％，^14C-UBT敏感性为63．6％，特异性为100．0％，阴性预示值86．7％，。对照组Hp阳性率为71．4％。结论：胃大部切除术后患者Hp感染率低，RUT特异性低，^14C-UBT敏感性低，因此均不适用于胃大部切除术后患者Hp感染的诊断。     

Return to work after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A systematic review

IntroductionThis study aims to evaluate the current literature with regard to the average time to and overall rate of return to work (RTW) following medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).MethodsA systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Pubmed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies reporting RTW after UKA. Primary outcomes were the rate and time to RTW after UKA. Secondary outcomes were postoperative changes in work intensity, functional scores, and factors affecting RTW. Methodological quality was evaluated using the the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria.ResultsSeven studies met inclusion criteria. Results were summarized qualitatively. The overall methodological quality of the studies was moderate based on the MINORS score. These studies included 636 patients with 46.5% male. Mean age was 63.1 years. The average rate of RTW was 81.7%. The average time to RTW was 5.4 ± 3.9 weeks (range 1–32 weeks). 81.8% of patients in one study returned to an equally or more physically demanding job, while 83.5% were able to work the same or longer hours postoperatively in another study. Functional scores improved after surgery (n = 6 studies). Factors affecting RTW were postoperative rehabilitation, retirement, and the effects of surgery.ConclusionLimited evidence from the included studies with moderate quality suggests that UKA allows patients to RTW faster, with a high rate of RTW and improved functional outcomes. However, consensus definitions and methods of work status analysis are needed for future studies.     

Substantial regional differences in the biomechanical behavior of molar treated with selective caries tissue removal technique: a finite element study

ObjectivesSelective caries removal (SCR) is recommended over non-selective removal for managing deep carious lesions to avoid pulp exposure and maintain pulp vitality. During SCR, residual carious dentin is left behind and sealed beneath the restoration. The biomechanical effects of such residual lesions on the restored tooth remain unclear and were assessed using finite element modeling (FEM).MethodsBased on μ-CT images of a healthy permanent human third molar, we developed five finite element models. Generic class I and II cavity restorations were modeled where residual lesions of variable sizes were either left or fully removed on occlusal and proximal surfaces. The cavities were restored with adhesive composite. All 3D-FE models were compared with a model of a healthy, non-treated molar. A vertical load of 100 N was applied onto the occlusal surface.ResultsRegardless of the lesion size, in molars with occlusal lesions higher mean stresses were predicted along the filling-lesion interface than in all other models. The smallest occlusal lesion (Ø₁ = 1 mm) resulted in the highest maximum stresses at the filling-lesion interface with large stress concentrations at the filling walls indicating failure risk. In conclusion, lesion site and extent are influencing parameters affecting the filling-lesion interactions and thus the biomechanical behavior of the tooth after SCR.SignificanceRetaining carious lesions around the pulpal floor affects the deformation and stress states in tooth-filling complexes. The higher stresses observed in molars with occlusal lesions may affect restoration stability and longevity. Suprisingly, more extended occlusal lesions may provide a more favorable tooth performance than less extended ones. In contrast, in molars with proximal lesions the residual lesion had only limited effect on the tooth’s biomechanical condition.     

A meta-analysis of the pros and cons of partial superficial parotidectomy versus superficial parotidectomy for the treatment of benign parotid neoplasms

ObjectivesSalivary gland tumors are predominantly benign and frequently localized in the parotid gland (P). The treatment consists primarily of surgical removal; however, the appropriate extent remains a subject of debate. In suitable tumors, superficial parotidectomy (SP) may be substituted for less invasive partial superficial parotidectomy (PSP) (I C). This systematic review analyzed the available literature, comparing PSP and SP with regards to several postoperative outcome parameters (O).Materials and methodsEstablished medical databanks were screened for articles evaluating outcomes of PSP compared with SP, published between 1955 and 2019. These data were assessed by pooled risk and odds ratios via meta-analysis.Results11 studies with 1272 patients were included. There was no significant difference in tumor recurrence between PSP and SP (primary outcome). Furthermore, no differences in the occurrence of permanent facial nerve paralysis (FNP), salivary fistula, great auricular nerve analgesia, or hematoma were observed between the groups. However, PSP displayed significantly reduced rates of transient FNP, Frey's syndrome, scar deformity, and xerostomia, as well as shorter surgical time, compared with SP (secondary outcomes).ConclusionBased on these data, PSP can be recommended as a surgical technique for the treatment of superficially located, small, benign parotid tumors.